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Poverty reduction in the Kyrgyz Republic and accuracy of measuring it 吉尔吉斯共和国的减贫及其衡量的准确性
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-404
Z. Kudabaev, M. Minbaev
Different aspects of poverty in Kyrgyzstan are studied in the article. The article explains methodological issues of poverty estimation, gives a brief description of the current situation and changes in poverty. Data reflecting progress in alleviating poverty and extreme poverty are presented. It is shown that the increase in average income have a greater impact on poverty reduction than redistribution of resources aimed at reducing income inequality. To alleviate extreme poverty the strategy of direct support to the poorest population should be conducted. The reasons for poverty reduction are briefly analysed. The accuracy of the estimate of poverty estimation and its change is assessed. The results of clustering are presented for the national and regional levels. 1. Methodology of poverty level identification in the Kyrgyz Republic Various concepts and approaches are used to describe and understand poverty. The food-based approach is accepted in a few Asian countries where poor are considered those people whose calorie intake is lower than a certain level. In some countries of Africa the number of pigs in a household is considered to be the indicator of wellbeing. The one-dollar approach is widely accepted, according to which the criterion of poverty is food consumption below one dollar per day per person. The methodology of poverty measurement used by the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic is based on measuring household expenditures according to the Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) of the World Bank. In practice the choice of poverty measurement methods depends on goals. At present the main goal in Kyrgyzstan is to reduce poverty and support the poor by providing them with sufficient amount of food, goods and basic services. Poverty in Kyrgyzstan is measured by the method of absolute poverty level. Kyrgyzstan adopted this approach under the recommendation of the World Bank experts. It allows the identification of those population groups, which do not have sufficient income in cash or in kind to achieve consumption of a necessary amount of food, goods and basic services. A reasonable approach towards identification of poverty consists in identification of the main needs of the population. The main need of a human being is nutrition. Food products necessary for the achievement of the recommended minimum level of food consumption make up a part of this vitally important consumption threshold. Essential nonfoods and services should also be added. The structure of food consumption of 1/3 of the population with lowest incomes is assessed as the minimum set of food products. Further, the necessary quantity of these products is determined based
本文研究了吉尔吉斯斯坦贫困的不同方面。本文阐述了贫困估算的方法论问题,简要介绍了贫困的现状和变化。介绍了反映在减轻贫困和极端贫困方面取得进展的数据。研究表明,与旨在减少收入不平等的资源再分配相比,平均收入的增加对减贫的影响更大。为减轻极端贫困,应实施直接支助最贫穷人口的战略。简要分析了减少贫困的原因。对贫困估计及其变化估计的准确性进行了评估。本文给出了国家和区域层面的聚类结果。1. 吉尔吉斯共和国的贫困水平识别方法各种概念和方法被用来描述和理解贫困。以食物为基础的方法在一些亚洲国家被接受,在这些国家,那些卡路里摄入量低于一定水平的人被视为穷人。在非洲的一些国家,一个家庭养猪的数量被认为是幸福的指标。1美元的方法被广泛接受,根据该方法,贫困的标准是每人每天的食物消费低于1美元。吉尔吉斯共和国国家统计委员会使用的贫困衡量方法是根据世界银行的生活水平衡量调查(LSMS)来衡量家庭支出。在实践中,贫困衡量方法的选择取决于目标。目前,吉尔吉斯斯坦的主要目标是通过向穷人提供足够数量的粮食、商品和基本服务来减少贫困和支持穷人。吉尔吉斯斯坦的贫困是用绝对贫困水平的方法来衡量的。吉尔吉斯斯坦在世界银行专家的建议下采取了这一办法。它可以查明那些没有足够的现金或实物收入来消费必要数量的粮食、货物和基本服务的人口群体。确定贫穷的一个合理办法是确定人口的主要需要。人的主要需要是营养。达到建议的最低食品消费水平所需的食品构成了这一至关重要的消费门槛的一部分。基本的非食品和服务也应该加入。三分之一收入最低人口的食品消费结构被评估为最低食品集。此外,这些产品的必要数量是根据
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引用次数: 2
StatBank Denmark 2003: Current development and future plans 丹麦国家银行2003:目前的发展和未来的计划
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-410
Annegrete Wulff
Statistics Denmark has a long tradition of public online access to statistics. The first service dates back to the mid-1980s. In July 1999 an output database, www.StatBank.dk was launched on the Internet. Since then its contents and the possibility for the user to design the output in the required detail and format have been significantly improved. External use continues to increase. By the end of 2003 the number of table retrievals reached 1.2 million – a doubling since 2002. This is considered most satisfying in relation to a population of 5.3 million in Denmark. Recent improvements include: a full English version; various alternatives for presentation in charts and maps; connection to a publication facility, PX-PUBL, allowing authors to produce ready-to-print articles directly from the database; GESMES format as output; an alert service of user-selected data directly upon updates.
丹麦统计局在公共在线获取统计数据方面有着悠久的传统。第一次服役可以追溯到20世纪80年代中期。1999年7月,在互联网上推出了一个产出数据库www.StatBank.dk。从那时起,它的内容和用户以所需的细节和格式设计输出的可能性得到了显着改善。外用持续增加。到2003年底,检索表的次数达到120万次,比2002年翻了一番。与丹麦530万人口相比,这被认为是最令人满意的。最近的改进包括:完整的英文版本;以图表和地图表示的各种替代方案;连接到出版设施,PX-PUBL,允许作者直接从数据库生产准备打印的文章;GESMES格式作为输出;用户选择的数据在更新时直接发出警报服务。
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引用次数: 0
Rural development statistics in the ECE region - A new project 欧洲经委会区域农村发展统计- -一个新项目
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-409
Simone Pfuderer
In recent years, international organisations have taken up work in the area of rural development statistics. Rural areas have suffered employment and population losses because the cuts in jobs in the agricultural industry have exceeded the number of jobs created in other industries which lead many rural residents to leave the countryside. In many countries as well as in international organisations, rural development policy has been on the agenda for several years as it was recognised that creating a rural environment that attracts people helps to solve problems in rural areas but also helps to slow down the continuing urbanisation and the problems arising from it. At present, the statistical information on rural areas, needed to assess the rural development policies and the rural economic, social and environmental situation is fairly thin on the ground, especially when it comes to internationally comparable data. Therefore, the UNECE Statistical Division, together with other international organisations, has started a project with the aim of arriving at international recommendations and best practices. The first step was to compile an inventory of rural development statistics that already exist in member countries and to gather some information on the policy aims of rural development. This paper summarises the main findings of the first step of the project and outlines areas for future work.
近年来,国际组织在农村发展统计领域开展了工作。农村地区遭受了就业和人口的损失,因为农业部门工作岗位的减少超过了其他行业创造的工作岗位数量,导致许多农村居民离开农村。在许多国家和国际组织中,农村发展政策已经提上议程好几年了,因为人们认识到,创造一个吸引人们的农村环境有助于解决农村地区的问题,但也有助于减缓持续的城市化及其产生的问题。目前,评估农村发展政策和农村经济、社会和环境状况所需的关于农村地区的统计资料相当少,特别是在国际可比数据方面。因此,欧洲经委会统计司同其他国际组织一起开始了一个项目,目的是达成国际建议和最佳做法。第一步是汇编一份各成员国已有的农村发展统计数字清单,并收集一些关于农村发展政策目标的资料。本文总结了项目第一步的主要发现,并概述了未来工作的领域。
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引用次数: 27
Algorithms for automatic data editing. 自动数据编辑算法。
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-405
Jorge Riera-Ledesma, Juan José SALAZAR-GONZÁLEZ
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引用次数: 4
The UNECE gender statistics database. 欧洲经委会性别统计数据库。
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-411
Angela Me, C. Giovannelli
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引用次数: 35
Estimation of annual international migration from the Labour Force Surveys of the United Kingdom and the continental European Union 根据英国和欧洲大陆联盟的劳动力调查估计每年的国际移徙
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-402
M. Rendall, C. Tomassini, D. Elliot
Household surveys are infrequently used for the estimation of international migration. The European Union (EU) Labour Force Surveys (LFS), however, compulsorily include a question on place of residence one year before. Potentially this provides a consistent definition across EU countries for estimating immigration from outside the EU, and for estimating a complete system of intra-EU migration. This potential is evaluated here for all (EU and non-EU) immigrants to the United Kingdom (UK) and for immigrants from the UK to continental EU countries. Evaluation is by comparison with estimates from the UK's port survey, the International Passenger Survey, and from the 1991 and 2001 UK Censuses. The UK LFS estimates the geographical distribution and time trend of total annual immigrants well. It underestimates the level of total annual immigration by 15 to 25 per cent, due mainly to its underestimating immigration of non-EU citizens. In both the UK and continental EU LFSs, returning citizen migrants are better estimated than are new migrants. The continental EU's LFSs exhibit considerable heterogeneity in their capturing of migrants from the UK. Aggregating them therefore results in poor estimation of both the total migrants to continental Europe and their distribution by country of destination.
很少使用住户调查来估计国际移徙。然而,欧洲联盟(欧盟)劳动力调查(LFS)强制包括关于一年前居住地点的问题。这可能为估算欧盟以外的移民以及估算欧盟内部的完整移民体系提供一个统一的定义。这里对所有(欧盟和非欧盟)移民到英国(UK)和从英国到欧盟大陆国家的移民进行了评估。评估是通过与英国港口调查、国际乘客调查以及1991年和2001年英国人口普查的估计进行比较。英国LFS很好地估计了年度移民总数的地理分布和时间趋势。英国将年度移民总数低估了15%至25%,主要原因是低估了非欧盟公民的移民数量。在英国和欧盟大陆的低收入国家,对归国公民移民的估计都优于对新移民的估计。欧盟大陆的lfs在捕获来自英国的移民方面表现出相当大的异质性。因此,将这些数据汇总起来,就无法准确估计到欧洲大陆的移民总数和他们按目的地国的分布情况。
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引用次数: 19
The framework of standards for global harmonisation of social statistics (with special reference to transition and globalisation processes) 全球统一社会统计标准框架(特别涉及转型和全球化进程)
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-401
Jozef Olenski
In a globalised, open, market economy the international standardisation of methodologies and indicators in different fields of social statistics, similar to that achieved in economic statistics on the basis of the SNA, is necessary both for governments and international organisations. Those standards are especially needed by transition countries, which are transforming their national statistical systems. The paper analyses the implications of the transition processes for social statistics and stresses the need for international standards. The specificity of standardisation in the field of social statistics on global level is analysed. On this basis it proposes the systematic approach and the generic standard for standardization on social statistics (SSDIS) and a strategy of their development and implementation on national and international level.
在全球化、开放的市场经济中,社会统计不同领域的方法和指标的国际标准化,类似于在SNA基础上实现的经济统计,对政府和国际组织都是必要的。转型期国家特别需要这些标准,因为它们正在改变其国家统计制度。该文件分析了过渡进程对社会统计的影响,并强调需要制定国际标准。分析了全球社会统计领域标准化的特殊性。在此基础上,提出了社会统计标准化的系统方法和通用标准及其在国家和国际层面的发展和实施战略。
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引用次数: 1
E-commerce measurements and analysis 电子商务测量与分析
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-408
T. Davis
The use of information and communications technologies and e-commerce in particular has often been cited as a significant factor in generating and sustaining economic growth. With the burst of the dot.com bubble in 2000, this exuberance was deflated and the pendulum swung the other way. Nevertheless, despite the fact that many of the early, exuberant and perhaps self-interested predictions of growth and impact have proven incorrect, there remains little argument that e-commerce is having, and will have, a significant transformative effect on economic and social activities and relationships throughout the world. These impacts present great opportunities, but also great challenges for all countries. An indispensable ingredient in addressing such challenges, and exploiting the opportunities, is reliable, consistent, internationally-comparable data. Initially, many countries were slow to establish e-commerce or even ICT measurement programmes. Others may have been caught up in the enthusiasm and rushed to collect core numbers without considering how they would be used or how they could be compared internationally. In that regard, defining e-commerce has been the source of much debate. The good news though is that international forums did exist to discuss and develop standards, and internationally-accepted definitions were put in place before legacy measurement programmes became too entrenched in individual countries. This Paper describes the Canadian experience, largely that of Statistics Canada, the national statistical agency, in developing and implementing measures of electronic commerce. Both the international and national contexts within which the Canadian programmes have developed are briefly described prior to setting out some of the e-business basics in terms of definitions and coverage. The Canadian data programmes themselves are described along with highlights of recent data releases. Finally there is a discussion of data gaps or outstanding issues as well as some speculation on future directions and initiatives for the electronic commerce measurement programme in Canada.
使用信息和通信技术,特别是电子商务,经常被认为是产生和维持经济增长的一个重要因素。随着2000年互联网泡沫的破裂,这种繁荣被削弱,钟摆向了另一个方向。然而,尽管事实证明,许多早期的、乐观的、也许是利己的关于电子商务增长和影响的预测是不正确的,但几乎没有人争论电子商务正在并将对全世界的经济和社会活动以及关系产生重大的变革性影响。这些影响为所有国家带来了巨大机遇,但也带来了巨大挑战。应对这些挑战和利用这些机遇的一个不可或缺的因素是可靠、一致、具有国际可比性的数据。最初,许多国家在建立电子商务甚至信息通信技术衡量方案方面进展缓慢。其他公司可能被这股热情所吸引,匆忙收集核心数据,却没有考虑如何使用这些数据,也没有考虑如何在国际上进行比较。在这方面,电子商务的定义一直是许多争论的来源。然而,好消息是,确实存在国际论坛来讨论和制定标准,并且在遗留的测量规划在个别国家变得过于根深蒂固之前,国际上接受的定义已经到位。本文描述了加拿大的经验,主要是国家统计机构加拿大统计局在制定和实施电子商务措施方面的经验。在从定义和覆盖范围方面阐述一些电子商务基础知识之前,简要描述了加拿大方案开发的国际和国家背景。介绍了加拿大的数据方案本身以及最近发布的数据要点。最后,讨论了数据差距或悬而未决的问题,并对加拿大电子商务衡量方案的未来方向和举措进行了一些推测。
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引用次数: 9
Editing strategies used by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in Data Collection over the Internet. 美国劳工统计局在互联网数据收集中使用的编辑策略。
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-406
Stephen H. Cohen
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is the principle Federal agency charged with disseminating statistics in the broad area of labour economics. In particular BLS publishes the principle Federal economic indicators on unemployment and inflation in the U.S. BLS attempts to provide data providers with as many options as possible for submitting their reports such as over the Internet. The BLS approach to Internet data collection is to provide a singular, manageable, secure architecture for all surveys. This paper will explore the editing strategy used by BLS on the Internet. The paper will summarise the types of edits used in post collection review and the strategy employed to incorporate edits into web-based instruments. Edit experience from two Internet survey instruments will be discussed including implementation strategies, edit failure experience, and comparisons with edit failures of data collected by standard protocols.
美国劳工统计局(BLS)是负责在广泛的劳动经济学领域传播统计数据的主要联邦机构。特别是劳工统计局公布了美国失业率和通货膨胀的主要联邦经济指标。劳工统计局试图为数据提供者提供尽可能多的选择,例如通过互联网提交报告。美国劳工统计局收集互联网数据的方法是为所有调查提供一个单一的、可管理的、安全的体系结构。本文将探讨劳工统计局在互联网上使用的编辑策略。本文将总结收集后审查中使用的编辑类型以及将编辑纳入基于网络的工具所采用的策略。将讨论两种互联网调查工具的编辑经验,包括实施策略、编辑失败经验以及与标准协议收集的数据的编辑失败的比较。
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引用次数: 0
The selection and vetting of statistical stories 统计故事的选择和审查
Pub Date : 2004-08-17 DOI: 10.3233/SJU-2003-203-407
T. Wannell
National statistical offices (NSOs) have broad mandates to report on economic and social conditions and so potential topics for statistical stories are almost limitless. On the other hand, NSOs operate with a number of internal and external constraints that affect the selection of statistical stories, the manner in which they are told and the medium of communication. This paper outlines the factors that affect the selection and vetting of statistical stories disseminated by NSOs, with particular reference to Statistics Canada. The paper presents a model of the information flowing from NSOs, focusing on products intended for media redistribution and discusses the motivation for reaching large audiences. It then examines the story selection process - proposing a simple model, introducing the players involved and describing the principles and practices of story selection at Statistics Canada. A discussion of the processes for vetting stories and maintaining institutional values follows. The concluding discussion focuses on the applicability of these observations to other statistical offices.
国家统计局在报告经济和社会状况方面负有广泛的职责,因此统计报道的潜在主题几乎是无限的。另一方面,非政府组织的运作受到许多内部和外部限制,这些限制影响了统计故事的选择、讲述方式和传播媒介。本文概述了影响非政府组织传播的统计报道的选择和审查的因素,特别提到了加拿大统计局。本文提出了一个来自非政府组织的信息流动模型,重点关注用于媒体再分发的产品,并讨论了接触大量受众的动机。然后研究了故事选择过程——提出了一个简单的模型,介绍了所涉及的参与者,并描述了加拿大统计局故事选择的原则和实践。接下来将讨论审查故事和维护机构价值的过程。最后讨论的重点是这些意见是否适用于其他统计处。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Statistical journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
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