{"title":"The Virgin of “EL CISNE” and the Ecuadorian Families Resident in Madrid","authors":"M. C. Espinosa","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82313535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The new aspects of the research field","authors":"Anca Aştilean","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74845908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Since the signature of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol in December 2000 that human trafficking has been labeled as a transnational, complex criminal phenomenon. However, despite the implementation of international soft law instruments to tackle the phenomenon, human trafficking is constantly evolving by the frequent changes of strategies, routes, types of exploitation and methodologies applied by the criminal networks. This flexibility of the phenomenon does not only difficult the implementation of effective tackling measures, but it also demonstrates to be an obstacle to produce accurate information on the subject (Cusick et al. 2009). Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the implementation of qualitative research on human trafficking for sexual purposes by 1) the identification of the obstacles on the research; 2) the application of an ethical conduct during the research; 3) the problematic of the participative observation method on the sexual exploitation.
． 自2000年12月《联合国人口贩运议定书》签署以来，人口贩运已被定性为一种跨国、复杂的犯罪现象。然而，尽管执行了处理这一现象的国际软性法律文书，但由于犯罪网络的战略、路线、剥削类型和方法的频繁变化，人口贩运仍在不断演变。这种现象的灵活性不仅难以实施有效的应对措施，而且也证明是产生关于该主题的准确信息的障碍(Cusick et al. 2009)。因此，本文旨在分析以性为目的的人口贩运定性研究的实施情况:1)确定研究的障碍;2)研究过程中伦理行为的应用;性剥削参与式观察法存在的问题。
{"title":"“Minding the gap” in the research on human trafficking for sexual purposes","authors":"R. Pascoal","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.1.05","url":null,"abstract":". Since the signature of the United Nations Trafficking Protocol in December 2000 that human trafficking has been labeled as a transnational, complex criminal phenomenon. However, despite the implementation of international soft law instruments to tackle the phenomenon, human trafficking is constantly evolving by the frequent changes of strategies, routes, types of exploitation and methodologies applied by the criminal networks. This flexibility of the phenomenon does not only difficult the implementation of effective tackling measures, but it also demonstrates to be an obstacle to produce accurate information on the subject (Cusick et al. 2009). Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the implementation of qualitative research on human trafficking for sexual purposes by 1) the identification of the obstacles on the research; 2) the application of an ethical conduct during the research; 3) the problematic of the participative observation method on the sexual exploitation.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77206314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.006
P. Dixit, L. Dwivedi
As institutional delivery centers usually have much better modern facilities and hygienic conditions in India, utilization of institutional delivery services could improve maternal and child health. The objective of this paper is to address the issue of whether women were consistent in delivering births in an institutional care center over successive pregnancies in India and investigate the factors associated with consistent utilization of institutional delivery. We applied multivariate multilevel models that allow for a strong dependence between successive outcomes at the same unit to the third round of the National Family Health Survey in 2005-2006. Results show that region and place of residence, woman’s education, wealth index, having experienced the loss of a child, ever having terminated a pregnancy, and birth order are significant predictors of place of delivery for all three recent births among ever-married women. Our results further show that previous utilization of institutional delivery was an important predictor of utilization for subsequent institutional deliveries. Policies aimed at improving the wide or persistent utilization of institutional delivery in India should focus on first-time mothers targeting disadvantaged women who are from rural areas, poor families, illiterate, Muslim, and scheduled castes.
{"title":"Utilization of institutional delivery services across successive births in India","authors":"P. Dixit, L. Dwivedi","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"As institutional delivery centers usually have much better modern facilities and hygienic conditions in India, utilization of institutional delivery services could improve maternal and child health. The objective of this paper is to address the issue of whether women were consistent in delivering births in an institutional care center over successive pregnancies in India and investigate the factors associated with consistent utilization of institutional delivery. We applied multivariate multilevel models that allow for a strong dependence between successive outcomes at the same unit to the third round of the National Family Health Survey in 2005-2006. Results show that region and place of residence, woman’s education, wealth index, having experienced the loss of a child, ever having terminated a pregnancy, and birth order are significant predictors of place of delivery for all three recent births among ever-married women. Our results further show that previous utilization of institutional delivery was an important predictor of utilization for subsequent institutional deliveries. Policies aimed at improving the wide or persistent utilization of institutional delivery in India should focus on first-time mothers targeting disadvantaged women who are from rural areas, poor families, illiterate, Muslim, and scheduled castes.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87762642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.008
D. Gu, R. Huang, K. Andreev, Matthew E. Dupre, Y. Zhuang, Hongyan Liu
This study examined the possible underestimation and age-trajectories of mortality at oldest-old ages in China’s 2000 and 2010 censuses. By linking logit-transformed conditional probabilities of dying from 13 countries with the highest data quality in the world, this study found that many Chinese provinces had underestimations of mortality at oldest-old ages when a relatively lenient criterion was applied. When a relatively strict criterion was applied, most provinces had a 30% or more underestimation in the probability of dying. We also investigated age trajectories of death rates after age 80 in these two censuses by applying the Kannisto model. Results showed that the age trajectories were distorted in most provinces after age 95. Overall, eastern-coastal provinces had higher data quality — in terms of low underestimation rates and less distorted age trajectories — whereas western China had provinces with problematic data. Females had greater rates of underestimation yet less distorted age-trajectories than males; and the 2010 census had greater rates of underestimation yet less distorted age-trajectories than the 2000 census. We conclude that appropriate adjustments with simultaneous applications of the Kannisto model are needed for direct estimates of mortality at oldest-old ages in the 2000 and 2010 censuses for China and for its provinces.
{"title":"Assessments of mortality at oldest-old ages by province in China's 2000 and 2010 censuses","authors":"D. Gu, R. Huang, K. Andreev, Matthew E. Dupre, Y. Zhuang, Hongyan Liu","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the possible underestimation and age-trajectories of mortality at oldest-old ages in China’s 2000 and 2010 censuses. By linking logit-transformed conditional probabilities of dying from 13 countries with the highest data quality in the world, this study found that many Chinese provinces had underestimations of mortality at oldest-old ages when a relatively lenient criterion was applied. When a relatively strict criterion was applied, most provinces had a 30% or more underestimation in the probability of dying. We also investigated age trajectories of death rates after age 80 in these two censuses by applying the Kannisto model. Results showed that the age trajectories were distorted in most provinces after age 95. Overall, eastern-coastal provinces had higher data quality — in terms of low underestimation rates and less distorted age trajectories — whereas western China had provinces with problematic data. Females had greater rates of underestimation yet less distorted age-trajectories than males; and the 2010 census had greater rates of underestimation yet less distorted age-trajectories than the 2000 census. We conclude that appropriate adjustments with simultaneous applications of the Kannisto model are needed for direct estimates of mortality at oldest-old ages in the 2000 and 2010 censuses for China and for its provinces.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77113472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.004
M. Ranjan, L. Dwivedi, Rahul Mishra, Brajesh
Higher infant mortality among tribal populations in India is well-documented. However, it is rare to compare factors associated with infant mortality in tribal populations with those in non-tribal populations. In the present paper, Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine factors influencing infant mortality in tribal and non-tribal populations in the Central and Eastern Indian states using data from the District Level Household Survey-III in 2007-2008. Characteristics of mothers, infants, and households/communities plus a program variable reflecting the place of pregnancy registration were included in the analyses. We found that the gap in infant mortality between tribal and non-tribal populations was substantial in the early months after birth, narrowed between the fourth and eighth months, and enlarged mildly afterwards. Cox regression models show that while some factors were similarly associated with infant mortality in tribes and non-tribes, distinctive differences between tribal and non-tribal populations were striking. Sex of infants, breastfeeding with colostrum, and age of mother at birth acted similarly between tribes and non-tribes, yet factors such as state of residence, wealth, religion, place of residence, mother’s education, and birth order behaved differently. The program factor was non-significant in both tribal and non-tribal populations.
{"title":"Infant mortality differentials among the tribal and non-tribal populations of Central and Eastern India","authors":"M. Ranjan, L. Dwivedi, Rahul Mishra, Brajesh","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Higher infant mortality among tribal populations in India is well-documented. However, it is rare to compare factors associated with infant mortality in tribal populations with those in non-tribal populations. In the present paper, Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine factors influencing infant mortality in tribal and non-tribal populations in the Central and Eastern Indian states using data from the District Level Household Survey-III in 2007-2008. Characteristics of mothers, infants, and households/communities plus a program variable reflecting the place of pregnancy registration were included in the analyses. We found that the gap in infant mortality between tribal and non-tribal populations was substantial in the early months after birth, narrowed between the fourth and eighth months, and enlarged mildly afterwards. Cox regression models show that while some factors were similarly associated with infant mortality in tribes and non-tribes, distinctive differences between tribal and non-tribal populations were striking. Sex of infants, breastfeeding with colostrum, and age of mother at birth acted similarly between tribes and non-tribes, yet factors such as state of residence, wealth, religion, place of residence, mother’s education, and birth order behaved differently. The program factor was non-significant in both tribal and non-tribal populations.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90634224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.002
Mark Lyons-Amos
Multilevel modelling techniques such as random models or fixed effect are increasingly used in social sciences and demography to both account for clustering within higher level aggregations and evaluate the interaction between individual and contextual information. While this is justifiable in some studies, the extension of multilevel models to national level analysis — and particularly cross-national comparative analysis — is problematic and can hamper the understanding of the interplay between individual and country level characteristics. This paper proposes an alternative approach, which allocates countries to classes based on economic, labour market and policy characteristics. Classes influence the profiles of three key demographic behaviours at a sub-national level: marriage, cohabitation and first birth timing. Woman level data are drawn from a subset of the Harmonized Histories dataset, and national level information from the GGP contextual database. In this example, three country classes are extracted reflecting two Western patterns and an Eastern pattern, divided approximately along the Hajnal line. While Western countries tend to exhibit higher levels of family allowances albeit accounting for a lower share of spending which is associated with lower marriage and later fertility, Eastern countries generally show a higher share of spending but at lower absolute levels with lower cohabitation rates and early fertility.
{"title":"Latent class models for cross-national comparisons: the association between individual and national-level fertility and partnership characteristics","authors":"Mark Lyons-Amos","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel modelling techniques such as random models or fixed effect are increasingly used in social sciences and demography to both account for clustering within higher level aggregations and evaluate the interaction between individual and contextual information. While this is justifiable in some studies, the extension of multilevel models to national level analysis — and particularly cross-national comparative analysis — is problematic and can hamper the understanding of the interplay between individual and country level characteristics. This paper proposes an alternative approach, which allocates countries to classes based on economic, labour market and policy characteristics. Classes influence the profiles of three key demographic behaviours at a sub-national level: marriage, cohabitation and first birth timing. Woman level data are drawn from a subset of the Harmonized Histories dataset, and national level information from the GGP contextual database. In this example, three country classes are extracted reflecting two Western patterns and an Eastern pattern, divided approximately along the Hajnal line. While Western countries tend to exhibit higher levels of family allowances albeit accounting for a lower share of spending which is associated with lower marriage and later fertility, Eastern countries generally show a higher share of spending but at lower absolute levels with lower cohabitation rates and early fertility.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89262842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is widely evidenced that low socio-economic status is significantly associated with poor health, but inequalities caused by social and economic factors are poorly quantified. This paper attempts to measure contributions of selected factors to the differences in full antenatal care (ANC) utilization in the state of Jharkhand, India, based on the third wave of District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) data in 2007–2008. Full ANC is defined as having a minimum of three antenatal visits, at least two tetanus toxoid injections and receiving folic acid tablets for at least 90 days or more during the last pregnancy. Multivariate and decomposition statistical techniques were employed to examine the factors associated with utilization of ANC services and their contributions to inequalities in utilization. Results show that the factors with the largest contribution to utilization of ANC services were poor economic status of women (37.53%), mass media exposure (30.71%), and residence in a rural area (15.56%). The relative contributions of region, mothers’ education, age, and birth order of the women in generating inequalities were small. Therefore, to improve maternal health and to reduce socio-economic gaps in the state, more focus is needed on vulnerable sections of society and regions where the effects of government health programs hardly reach.
{"title":"Decomposing the Socio-economic Inequalities in Utilization of Full Antenatal Care in Jharkhand State, India","authors":"Abha Gupta, Pushpendra Kumar, Olalemi Adewumi Dorcas","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely evidenced that low socio-economic status is significantly associated with poor health, but inequalities caused by social and economic factors are poorly quantified. This paper attempts to measure contributions of selected factors to the differences in full antenatal care (ANC) utilization in the state of Jharkhand, India, based on the third wave of District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) data in 2007–2008. Full ANC is defined as having a minimum of three antenatal visits, at least two tetanus toxoid injections and receiving folic acid tablets for at least 90 days or more during the last pregnancy. Multivariate and decomposition statistical techniques were employed to examine the factors associated with utilization of ANC services and their contributions to inequalities in utilization. Results show that the factors with the largest contribution to utilization of ANC services were poor economic status of women (37.53%), mass media exposure (30.71%), and residence in a rural area (15.56%). The relative contributions of region, mothers’ education, age, and birth order of the women in generating inequalities were small. Therefore, to improve maternal health and to reduce socio-economic gaps in the state, more focus is needed on vulnerable sections of society and regions where the effects of government health programs hardly reach.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79368586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.001
Atreyee Sinha, A. Chattopadhyay
Spousal violence emerged as a major public health concern over the past few decades as its consequences on the health of victims are profound. Infliction of violence during pregnancy is even more detrimental as it might cause serious injuries to women and their unborn children. Violence during pregnancy can restrict access to proper health care and affect the health of mother and child. However, the role of spousal violence on utilization of pregnancy care services is not well explored in India where both fertility and spousal violence are high. In the present study, we used data of selected North and South Indian states from the National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) to examine the relationship between experience of spousal violence by young married women and utilization of maternal and child health care services. A marked regional variation was observed in MCH care utilization and levels of violence, where the South Indian states performed better than the North. Spousal violence was a significant factor determining MCH care use. Women who had experienced any form of physical/sexual violence were less likely to receive full ante natal care than non-abused women and the association was stronger in the South. Women experiencing any physical/sexual violence were also less likely to avail institutional delivery in the North. Emotional violence had similar constraining effects on MCH care use in the South. Integration of violence screening and counselling with MCH programs could be helpful to address the needs of abused pregnant women and provide essential care.
{"title":"Utilization of maternal and child health care services in North and South India: does spousal violence matter?","authors":"Atreyee Sinha, A. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Spousal violence emerged as a major public health concern over the past few decades as its consequences on the health of victims are profound. Infliction of violence during pregnancy is even more detrimental as it might cause serious injuries to women and their unborn children. Violence during pregnancy can restrict access to proper health care and affect the health of mother and child. However, the role of spousal violence on utilization of pregnancy care services is not well explored in India where both fertility and spousal violence are high. In the present study, we used data of selected North and South Indian states from the National Family Health Survey (2005–2006) to examine the relationship between experience of spousal violence by young married women and utilization of maternal and child health care services. A marked regional variation was observed in MCH care utilization and levels of violence, where the South Indian states performed better than the North. Spousal violence was a significant factor determining MCH care use. Women who had experienced any form of physical/sexual violence were less likely to receive full ante natal care than non-abused women and the association was stronger in the South. Women experiencing any physical/sexual violence were also less likely to avail institutional delivery in the North. Emotional violence had similar constraining effects on MCH care use in the South. Integration of violence screening and counselling with MCH programs could be helpful to address the needs of abused pregnant women and provide essential care.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75152389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-28DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2016.01.001
A. Kostaki, Javier M. Moguerza, Alberto Olivares, S. Psarakis
The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-ciplines as demography, biostatistics, actuarial practice, and social planning. For estimating the unknown age-specific probabilities of the various demographic phenomena, some graduation technique must be applied to the corresponding empirical rates, under the assumption that the true probabilities follow a smooth pattern through age. The classical way for graduating demographic rates is parametric modelling. However, for graduation purposes, nonparametric techniques can also be adapted. This work provides an adaptation, and an evaluation of kernels and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the context of graduation of demographic rates.
{"title":"Nonparametric graduation techniques as a common framework for the description of demographic patterns","authors":"A. Kostaki, Javier M. Moguerza, Alberto Olivares, S. Psarakis","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2016.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2016.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The graduation of age-specific demographic rates is a subject of special interest in many dis-ciplines as demography, biostatistics, actuarial practice, and social planning. For estimating the unknown age-specific probabilities of the various demographic phenomena, some graduation technique must be applied to the corresponding empirical rates, under the assumption that the true probabilities follow a smooth pattern through age. The classical way for graduating demographic rates is parametric modelling. However, for graduation purposes, nonparametric techniques can also be adapted. This work provides an adaptation, and an evaluation of kernels and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in the context of graduation of demographic rates.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83607726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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