Anna Świerczewska-Gąsiorowska, Monika Porwisz, Paweł Olber
The Police Academy in Szczytno has been carrying out a research project entitled "Development of a database and tools for semantic search for information and knowledge management in the area of missing persons and search for persons”, financed from the funds of the National Centre for Research and Development for national defence and security. The objective of the conducted research project is to prepare a database and a tool for semantic search for information and knowledge management in the area of missing persons and search for persons, as well as to equip the Polish Police with a technologically advanced tool for semantic and contextual search for information on standards, rules, good practices and specific patterns of behaviour in the area of searching for missing persons. The final effect of the mentioned research project is the eSPOZ system of searching for missing persons, which is described in the article.
{"title":"ESPOZ - AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM SUPPORTING THE POLISH POLICE IN THE SEARCH FOR MISSING PERSONS","authors":"Anna Świerczewska-Gąsiorowska, Monika Porwisz, Paweł Olber","doi":"10.47152/rkkp.58.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Police Academy in Szczytno has been carrying out a research project entitled \"Development of a database and tools for semantic search for information and knowledge management in the area of missing persons and search for persons”, financed from the funds of the National Centre for Research and Development for national defence and security. The objective of the conducted research project is to prepare a database and a tool for semantic search for information and knowledge management in the area of missing persons and search for persons, as well as to equip the Polish Police with a technologically advanced tool for semantic and contextual search for information on standards, rules, good practices and specific patterns of behaviour in the area of searching for missing persons. The final effect of the mentioned research project is the eSPOZ system of searching for missing persons, which is described in the article.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89560432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road safety in the Republic of North Macedonia is the primary social responsibility of all organizations and individuals whose ultimate goal is to achieve optimal traffic safety. The increased number of vehicles, the traffic intensity on all roads, as well as the degree of traffic indiscipline among certain traffic participants, are the main factors that affect the safety situation both in terms of the volume of accidents and the consequences arising from them. The subject of the research are the traffic accidents that occurred in the period from 2010 to 2019 on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, the factors that influence their occurrence and the criminal acts against the safety of the public traffic in the mentioned period. The purpose of this paper is to research the statistical indicators for the number of traffic accidents and those accused of crimes against public traffic safety in the period from 2010 to 2019 and on their basis to determine the reasons for their occurrence and propose measures and activities that will affect their reduction in the near future according to world trends.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2010 TO 2019","authors":"Ljupcho Shosholovski, Zoran Jovanovski, Zoran Cikarski","doi":"10.47152/rkkp.58.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety in the Republic of North Macedonia is the primary social responsibility of all organizations and individuals whose ultimate goal is to achieve optimal traffic safety. The increased number of vehicles, the traffic intensity on all roads, as well as the degree of traffic indiscipline among certain traffic participants, are the main factors that affect the safety situation both in terms of the volume of accidents and the consequences arising from them. The subject of the research are the traffic accidents that occurred in the period from 2010 to 2019 on the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia, the factors that influence their occurrence and the criminal acts against the safety of the public traffic in the mentioned period. The purpose of this paper is to research the statistical indicators for the number of traffic accidents and those accused of crimes against public traffic safety in the period from 2010 to 2019 and on their basis to determine the reasons for their occurrence and propose measures and activities that will affect their reduction in the near future according to world trends.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89693129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Court statistics developed over the time from bureaucratic data collection to monitoring and evaluation of court performances and judicial reforms. In the Europe, the Council of Europe CEPEJ contributed to the promotion of court statistics as a tool for management over judiciary and evaluation of judicial performances. Modern use of statistical reporting requires setting of performance indicators, which tracking will enable monitoring of court performance and inform decision making on further actions. Some of performance indicators are recommended by the CEPEJ and are widely accepted, like clearance rate and disposition time. However, court statistics could include information beyond court cases, like financial data per court and human resource data, which could inform interventions in the area of human resource management and financial resource management, i.e. equalization of workload among courts and judges, as well as calculation of cost per case. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the courts and court statistics contributed significantly to improvement of administration of justice, through development of automatized case management systems, automatic export of relevant reports on court performance based on predefined indicators. However, few preconditions are required for successful deployment of the ICT in judiciary. Countries were putting efforts to strengthen court statistics and some good practices were developed over time. Slovenia dashboard for improvement of disposition time and Serbian court maps for tracking backlog reduction are good examples that could be used replicated in countries with similar challenges and goals.
{"title":"COURT STATISTICS – A TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC PLANNING","authors":"Marina Matić Bošković","doi":"10.47152/rkkp.58.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Court statistics developed over the time from bureaucratic data collection to monitoring and evaluation of court performances and judicial reforms. In the Europe, the Council of Europe CEPEJ contributed to the promotion of court statistics as a tool for management over judiciary and evaluation of judicial performances. Modern use of statistical reporting requires setting of performance indicators, which tracking will enable monitoring of court performance and inform decision making on further actions. Some of performance indicators are recommended by the CEPEJ and are widely accepted, like clearance rate and disposition time. However, court statistics could include information beyond court cases, like financial data per court and human resource data, which could inform interventions in the area of human resource management and financial resource management, i.e. equalization of workload among courts and judges, as well as calculation of cost per case. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the courts and court statistics contributed significantly to improvement of administration of justice, through development of automatized case management systems, automatic export of relevant reports on court performance based on predefined indicators. However, few preconditions are required for successful deployment of the ICT in judiciary. Countries were putting efforts to strengthen court statistics and some good practices were developed over time. Slovenia dashboard for improvement of disposition time and Serbian court maps for tracking backlog reduction are good examples that could be used replicated in countries with similar challenges and goals.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91380458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predmet istraživanja ovog rada su stavovi i iskustva ispitanika u vezi sa njihovim susretima sa policijskim službenicima. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju utvrđivanja da li su ispunjeni uslovi za razvijanje partnerskog odnosa između društvene zajednice i policije, kakva je priroda tog odnosa, te da li dolazi do valjane primene strategije policije u zajednici – kao zvanične u Republici Srbiji. Utvrđeno je da građani uglavnom nemaju poverenja u policiju, da uglavnom nisu upoznati sa radom i planovima rada policije, kao i da je visok procenat onih koji imaju negativna iskustva sa policijskim službenicima i zamerke na rad policije. Sa druge strane, zapažena je inertnost građana kada se radi o predlaganju promena i preduzimanju prvih koraka ka kreiranju zdravog odnosa sa policijom. Naposletku, autor zaključuje da se strategija policije u zajednici ne primenjuje u adekvatnoj meri, kao i da ima mesta za promene kako na strani policije, tako i na strani društvene zajednice u cilju razvijanja kvalitetnog partnerskog odnosa i stvaranja uslova za valjanu primenu ove strategije.
{"title":"STAVOVI GRAĐANA O RADU POLICIJE – OCENA PRIMENE STRATEGIJE POLICIJE U ZAJEDNICI U REPUBLICI SRBIJI","authors":"Lazar Đoković","doi":"10.47152/rkkp.58.1.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.1.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Predmet istraživanja ovog rada su stavovi i iskustva ispitanika u vezi sa njihovim susretima sa policijskim službenicima. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju utvrđivanja da li su ispunjeni uslovi za razvijanje partnerskog odnosa između društvene zajednice i policije, kakva je priroda tog odnosa, te da li dolazi do valjane primene strategije policije u zajednici – kao zvanične u Republici Srbiji. Utvrđeno je da građani uglavnom nemaju poverenja u policiju, da uglavnom nisu upoznati sa radom i planovima rada policije, kao i da je visok procenat onih koji imaju negativna iskustva sa policijskim službenicima i zamerke na rad policije. Sa druge strane, zapažena je inertnost građana kada se radi o predlaganju promena i preduzimanju prvih koraka ka kreiranju zdravog odnosa sa policijom. Naposletku, autor zaključuje da se strategija policije u zajednici ne primenjuje u adekvatnoj meri, kao i da ima mesta za promene kako na strani policije, tako i na strani društvene zajednice u cilju razvijanja kvalitetnog partnerskog odnosa i stvaranja uslova za valjanu primenu ove strategije.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89232169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having in mind the advantages and increasing worldwide appli cation of programs based on prisoners’ work with animals for the pur pose of re-socialisation, the author of this paper analyzes: the concept, application and effects of the program that includes prisoners’ work with horses in Correctional Institution in Sremska Mitrovica, its capa cities to contribute to the accomplishment of the purpose of criminal sanctions as well as the impressions of the prisoners and lecturers who participate in it about its effects. The aim of the paper is to facilitate the insight in the application of this program, to point out the possibilities it offers when it comes to the prevention of recidivism, as the purpose of the execution of criminal sanctions, as well as to analyze the impre ssions of the prisoners and lecturers who are involved with it about its effects. As the result of field research, the author of the paper highlights key benefits that this program brings to both – the prisoners themselves and the prison staff members, as well as to the broader community, but also emphasizes potential challenges related to its application in the fu ture and makes suggestions and guidelines for its further development and improvement.
{"title":"RESOCIJALIZACIJA OSUĐENIKA KROZ RAD SA KONJIMA U KAZNENO POPRAVNOM ZAVODU U SREMSKOJ MITROVICI: KONCEPT, PRIMENA, IMPRESIJE","authors":"Ana Batrićević","doi":"10.47152/rkkp.58.1.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.1.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Having in mind the advantages and increasing worldwide appli cation of programs based on prisoners’ work with animals for the pur pose of re-socialisation, the author of this paper analyzes: the concept, application and effects of the program that includes prisoners’ work with horses in Correctional Institution in Sremska Mitrovica, its capa cities to contribute to the accomplishment of the purpose of criminal sanctions as well as the impressions of the prisoners and lecturers who participate in it about its effects. The aim of the paper is to facilitate the insight in the application of this program, to point out the possibilities it offers when it comes to the prevention of recidivism, as the purpose of the execution of criminal sanctions, as well as to analyze the impre ssions of the prisoners and lecturers who are involved with it about its effects. As the result of field research, the author of the paper highlights key benefits that this program brings to both – the prisoners themselves and the prison staff members, as well as to the broader community, but also emphasizes potential challenges related to its application in the fu ture and makes suggestions and guidelines for its further development and improvement.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89979097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch017
E. Barclay
An understanding of crime data and analysis is central to any Criminology degree. Graduates need to know how and where to access a wide variety of secondary data sources, and understand how to read and critically evaluate crime statistics, crime maps, and quantitative research publications, and through assessment, know how to apply this learning to understanding crime rates within a community. This chapter reviews the various types of data and analysis that form a substantial part of content within a Bachelor of Criminology degree. Several types of assessment are described as examples of how to engage students in practical exercises to show them how data and analysis can provide fascinating insight into the social life of their own community.
{"title":"Visual Criminology","authors":"E. Barclay","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch017","url":null,"abstract":"An understanding of crime data and analysis is central to any Criminology degree. Graduates need to know how and where to access a wide variety of secondary data sources, and understand how to read and critically evaluate crime statistics, crime maps, and quantitative research publications, and through assessment, know how to apply this learning to understanding crime rates within a community. This chapter reviews the various types of data and analysis that form a substantial part of content within a Bachelor of Criminology degree. Several types of assessment are described as examples of how to engage students in practical exercises to show them how data and analysis can provide fascinating insight into the social life of their own community.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79750858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8376-1.CH010
J. Irwin, Anthony H. Normore
Undercover operatives have for decades attempted to interact with and expose criminal activity in identified criminal sub-culture groups of their same ethnic backgrounds, potential criminal participants in diverse ethnic cultural groups other than their own ethnic background, and cross-cultural groups made up of people from different ethnic groups. Through our combined professional experiences (e.g., leadership professor, undercover law enforcement, criminal justice, research, inmate instructor, ethics professors) and having lived and worked in various parts of the world (e.g., Canada, US, UK, Europe, South East and Central Asia) our chapter examines undercover police work and provides a view to cross-cultural issues that exist on both the enforcement and suspect sides of police investigation. A variety of transnational and cross-border ethical issues are examined in undercover work (e.g. trickery, entrapment) along with landmark court cases in an effort to compare and contrast international approaches to undercover operatives. Future directions concerning international collaboration are presented.
{"title":"Transnational and Cross-Cultural Approaches in Undercover Police Work","authors":"J. Irwin, Anthony H. Normore","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8376-1.CH010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8376-1.CH010","url":null,"abstract":"Undercover operatives have for decades attempted to interact with and expose criminal activity in identified criminal sub-culture groups of their same ethnic backgrounds, potential criminal participants in diverse ethnic cultural groups other than their own ethnic background, and cross-cultural groups made up of people from different ethnic groups. Through our combined professional experiences (e.g., leadership professor, undercover law enforcement, criminal justice, research, inmate instructor, ethics professors) and having lived and worked in various parts of the world (e.g., Canada, US, UK, Europe, South East and Central Asia) our chapter examines undercover police work and provides a view to cross-cultural issues that exist on both the enforcement and suspect sides of police investigation. A variety of transnational and cross-border ethical issues are examined in undercover work (e.g. trickery, entrapment) along with landmark court cases in an effort to compare and contrast international approaches to undercover operatives. Future directions concerning international collaboration are presented.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80171021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1088-8.CH001
Stephen Egharevba
For decades, research on minority predisposition to comply or cooperate with the police has evolved, as citizens' encounter and experiences with the police can affect their sense of self-belonging in societies. However, less attention has been given to the issues of police act and behaviour in accordance with the laid down principles of policing in their interaction with citizens. For instance, some of the difficulties of the police in fostering its' legitimacy are the events in Totteham, London in the UK in 2011, and the USA in 2014, 2015 and 2016. This introduction analyses how the police engage with minorities and treat them fairly in order to improve their legitimacy and how violence, brutality and racial profiling has been utilized in police practices. The result revealed a perceived unjust policing and a high level of violence across many societies in the world. Finally, we have tried in this book to identify how police, courts and the penal system officials can improve and facilitate a fair, equal and understanding in their practices in general towards minorities.
{"title":"Understanding Fairness, Equality, and Police Legitimacy","authors":"Stephen Egharevba","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-1088-8.CH001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1088-8.CH001","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, research on minority predisposition to comply or cooperate with the police has evolved, as citizens' encounter and experiences with the police can affect their sense of self-belonging in societies. However, less attention has been given to the issues of police act and behaviour in accordance with the laid down principles of policing in their interaction with citizens. For instance, some of the difficulties of the police in fostering its' legitimacy are the events in Totteham, London in the UK in 2011, and the USA in 2014, 2015 and 2016. This introduction analyses how the police engage with minorities and treat them fairly in order to improve their legitimacy and how violence, brutality and racial profiling has been utilized in police practices. The result revealed a perceived unjust policing and a high level of violence across many societies in the world. Finally, we have tried in this book to identify how police, courts and the penal system officials can improve and facilitate a fair, equal and understanding in their practices in general towards minorities.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84250929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8598-7.CH013
A. Manzoor
An overwhelming amount of information (and misinformation) is available on today's social media sites (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube). Law enforcement agencies actively seek to leverage these resources to improve services and communication with public. Various factors have forced law enforcement agencies to have an active voice on social media. This chapter examines the growing interest of police forces in the use of social media to engage groups previously uninvolved in discussion of community policing and for deliberation about priorities of police forces. The chapter concludes that police forces, in general, have been able to exploit the networked characteristics of social media and the potential of user-generated content. Recommendations are provided to achieve more ambitious aims for using social media for policing.
{"title":"Use of Social Media for Policing","authors":"A. Manzoor","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-8598-7.CH013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8598-7.CH013","url":null,"abstract":"An overwhelming amount of information (and misinformation) is available on today's social media sites (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, YouTube). Law enforcement agencies actively seek to leverage these resources to improve services and communication with public. Various factors have forced law enforcement agencies to have an active voice on social media. This chapter examines the growing interest of police forces in the use of social media to engage groups previously uninvolved in discussion of community policing and for deliberation about priorities of police forces. The chapter concludes that police forces, in general, have been able to exploit the networked characteristics of social media and the potential of user-generated content. Recommendations are provided to achieve more ambitious aims for using social media for policing.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83876498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9935-9.CH002
J. Kubena, J. Watts
Over the course of time we have seen a dramatic shift in the protection and security of our school system. With the increasing media coverage of school violence the general public has responded with a demand and a push for a safer educational environment for our children. This chapter addresses the movement from very limited school security through full time armed police officers responsible for the school campus. The chapter focuses on policy response to school shootings and covers a wide range of police and school response.
{"title":"The Evolution of Securing the American K-12 Educational Environment With Armed Police Officers","authors":"J. Kubena, J. Watts","doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-9935-9.CH002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9935-9.CH002","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of time we have seen a dramatic shift in the protection and security of our school system. With the increasing media coverage of school violence the general public has responded with a demand and a push for a safer educational environment for our children. This chapter addresses the movement from very limited school security through full time armed police officers responsible for the school campus. The chapter focuses on policy response to school shootings and covers a wide range of police and school response.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88322397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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