Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0731-4.CH014
S. M. Kač, Tajana Tamše, Irena Gorenak
In this chapter the authors will discuss the importance of intercultural education and training for the purpose of high quality work of police officers during international missions. The Slovene Police is among other basic work areas also responsible for international cooperation, such as cooperation with Europol, Interpol, etc. and among others it his together with Slovene Armed Forces also responsible for international missions. The integration of intercultural perspectives into their education and training is due to the special work conditions during work in international missions highly important. The authors will present the theoretical aspect of the importance of intercultural training for all the employees that work in special intercultural environment and conditions as well as present the results of empirical study. Furthermore, the chapter will present the results of research which was conducted in 2014 among Slovene police officers included in international missions from the beginning in 1997 until 2014.
{"title":"Intercultural Education and Training of Slovene Police Officers for the Purpose of International Missions","authors":"S. M. Kač, Tajana Tamše, Irena Gorenak","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0731-4.CH014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0731-4.CH014","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter the authors will discuss the importance of intercultural education and training for the purpose of high quality work of police officers during international missions. The Slovene Police is among other basic work areas also responsible for international cooperation, such as cooperation with Europol, Interpol, etc. and among others it his together with Slovene Armed Forces also responsible for international missions. The integration of intercultural perspectives into their education and training is due to the special work conditions during work in international missions highly important. The authors will present the theoretical aspect of the importance of intercultural training for all the employees that work in special intercultural environment and conditions as well as present the results of empirical study. Furthermore, the chapter will present the results of research which was conducted in 2014 among Slovene police officers included in international missions from the beginning in 1997 until 2014.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch026
Kyrie Hernandezpeterson
Victims are the center of the criminal justice system. However, negative treatment by any service provider discourages individuals from taking advantage of the services being offered to victims through various organizations in their respective communities. The study of victims (victimology) is informative on the physical, psychological, and emotional effects crimes have on victims. Victim assistance programs and resources have substantially grown over the years in an effort to improve protection to all and assist in pursuing proper justice for victims and those suffering from victimization. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and Uniform Crime Report (UCR) are used to gather statistics to further victim research. High profile cases in the media have led to the criminal justice system being deemed biased. Statistics do not substantiate racial discrimination in victimology or in the criminal justice system. There are instances of discrimination in select cases, but as a whole, the criminal justice system should not be viewed as discriminative. The focus should be placed on refining victim assistance programs and being creative in providing the proper resources victims need to receive the justice they deserve and the care and help they need.
{"title":"The Color of Victimology","authors":"Kyrie Hernandezpeterson","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch026","url":null,"abstract":"Victims are the center of the criminal justice system. However, negative treatment by any service provider discourages individuals from taking advantage of the services being offered to victims through various organizations in their respective communities. The study of victims (victimology) is informative on the physical, psychological, and emotional effects crimes have on victims. Victim assistance programs and resources have substantially grown over the years in an effort to improve protection to all and assist in pursuing proper justice for victims and those suffering from victimization. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and Uniform Crime Report (UCR) are used to gather statistics to further victim research. High profile cases in the media have led to the criminal justice system being deemed biased. Statistics do not substantiate racial discrimination in victimology or in the criminal justice system. There are instances of discrimination in select cases, but as a whole, the criminal justice system should not be viewed as discriminative. The focus should be placed on refining victim assistance programs and being creative in providing the proper resources victims need to receive the justice they deserve and the care and help they need.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87507956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0813-7.CH009
Daniel W. Clark, Elizabeth K. White
Suicide is a serious public health problem that impacts individuals, families, communities, and law enforcement personnel. More than 42,000 completed suicides were counted in the United States in 2014. Suicide has long been a concern within law enforcement. In this chapter, the authors explore the current status of Law Enforcement Officer (LEO) suicide research and dispel the myth that officer suicides are dramatically higher than in the general population. We then review general information on suicide prevention, and supplement this general information with law enforcement-specific risk factors, warning signs, variables, tips, and recommendations for intervention and postvention. Additionally, we suggest a range of available resources for further consideration.
{"title":"Law Enforcement Officer Suicide","authors":"Daniel W. Clark, Elizabeth K. White","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0813-7.CH009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0813-7.CH009","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is a serious public health problem that impacts individuals, families, communities, and law enforcement personnel. More than 42,000 completed suicides were counted in the United States in 2014. Suicide has long been a concern within law enforcement. In this chapter, the authors explore the current status of Law Enforcement Officer (LEO) suicide research and dispel the myth that officer suicides are dramatically higher than in the general population. We then review general information on suicide prevention, and supplement this general information with law enforcement-specific risk factors, warning signs, variables, tips, and recommendations for intervention and postvention. Additionally, we suggest a range of available resources for further consideration.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79373202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch003
Adrienne C. Bradford, Heather K. McElroy, R. Rosenblatt
The advent of social media, blogs, smartphones, and the 24-hour all access news channels make information available to us constantly on the television, the internet, and even while mobile. This chapter highlights contemporary social and generational trends including the arrival of the Millennial generation into the workforce, legalization of marijuana, the mainstream acceptance of body art as a form of self-expression, and the influence of mass media on the lives of police officers, particularly in officer-involved shootings. These emerging factors challenge law enforcement managers to consider complex issues in the workplace while maintaining the core values, camaraderie, and professional standards inherent in policing. The public safety psychologist's role is also evolving with new technology, social developments, and organizational challenges. This chapter aims to encourage dialogue between mental health professionals, law enforcement managers, and policy-makers.
{"title":"Social Climate Change and the Modern Police Department","authors":"Adrienne C. Bradford, Heather K. McElroy, R. Rosenblatt","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of social media, blogs, smartphones, and the 24-hour all access news channels make information available to us constantly on the television, the internet, and even while mobile. This chapter highlights contemporary social and generational trends including the arrival of the Millennial generation into the workforce, legalization of marijuana, the mainstream acceptance of body art as a form of self-expression, and the influence of mass media on the lives of police officers, particularly in officer-involved shootings. These emerging factors challenge law enforcement managers to consider complex issues in the workplace while maintaining the core values, camaraderie, and professional standards inherent in policing. The public safety psychologist's role is also evolving with new technology, social developments, and organizational challenges. This chapter aims to encourage dialogue between mental health professionals, law enforcement managers, and policy-makers.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75050570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch016
Aziz Douai
YouTube has enabled new forms of political dissent in Arab societies. This article examines the development and rise of YouTube in the Arab world. In particular, it looks at how this video exchange site is invigorating the online public sphere's vigorous demand for political reform and respect for human rights. Specifically, this investigation explores how social networking capabilities have made YouTube an effective asset in dissidents' arsenal among Arab activists. To examine the vibrancy of this fledgling online public sphere, the chapter scrutinizes how activists incorporated YouTube videos to shed light on human rights abuses, specifically police abuse, corruption, and brutality in two Arab countries, Egypt and Morocco. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new campaigning modes that the Internet and YouTube have facilitated.
{"title":"Online Activism and the Arab Public Sphere","authors":"Aziz Douai","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch016","url":null,"abstract":"YouTube has enabled new forms of political dissent in Arab societies. This article examines the development and rise of YouTube in the Arab world. In particular, it looks at how this video exchange site is invigorating the online public sphere's vigorous demand for political reform and respect for human rights. Specifically, this investigation explores how social networking capabilities have made YouTube an effective asset in dissidents' arsenal among Arab activists. To examine the vibrancy of this fledgling online public sphere, the chapter scrutinizes how activists incorporated YouTube videos to shed light on human rights abuses, specifically police abuse, corruption, and brutality in two Arab countries, Egypt and Morocco. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new campaigning modes that the Internet and YouTube have facilitated.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73460343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch008
Emily F. Brucia, Matthew J. Cordova, J. Ruzek
Police officers are exposed to many critical incidents throughout their careers. This chapter discusses critical incident exposure and psychological sequelae in police officers, police culture, obstacles to mental health care, currently utilized early interventions, existing research for these approaches, alternative evidence-based early interventions, emerging models, and directions for future research. Given the frequency and potential impact of critical incidents, early intervention for exposed police officers is of central importance. One of the most commonly utilized group early interventions, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), has limited empirical support, such that some departments are being advised against its use. That said, there are important challenges in identifying better, evidence-based alternatives.
{"title":"Critical Incident Interventions","authors":"Emily F. Brucia, Matthew J. Cordova, J. Ruzek","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"Police officers are exposed to many critical incidents throughout their careers. This chapter discusses critical incident exposure and psychological sequelae in police officers, police culture, obstacles to mental health care, currently utilized early interventions, existing research for these approaches, alternative evidence-based early interventions, emerging models, and directions for future research. Given the frequency and potential impact of critical incidents, early intervention for exposed police officers is of central importance. One of the most commonly utilized group early interventions, Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD), has limited empirical support, such that some departments are being advised against its use. That said, there are important challenges in identifying better, evidence-based alternatives.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"1981 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90292006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch015
T. Scassa
It is increasingly common for municipal police services in North America to make online crime maps available to the public. This form of civic technology is now so widely used that there is a competitive private sector market for crime mapping platforms. This paper considers the crime maps made available by three Canadian police forces using platforms developed by U.S.-based private sector corporations. The paper considers how these crime maps present particular narratives of crime in the city, evaluates the quality of the mapped data, and explores how laws shape and constrain the use and reuse of crime data. It considers as well the problems that may arise in using off-the-shelf solutions – particularly ones developed in another country. It asks whether this model of crime mapping advances or limits goals of transparency and accountability, and what lessons it offers about the use of private sector civic technologies to serve public sector purposes.
{"title":"Police Service Crime Mapping as Civic Technology","authors":"T. Scassa","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"It is increasingly common for municipal police services in North America to make online crime maps available to the public. This form of civic technology is now so widely used that there is a competitive private sector market for crime mapping platforms. This paper considers the crime maps made available by three Canadian police forces using platforms developed by U.S.-based private sector corporations. The paper considers how these crime maps present particular narratives of crime in the city, evaluates the quality of the mapped data, and explores how laws shape and constrain the use and reuse of crime data. It considers as well the problems that may arise in using off-the-shelf solutions – particularly ones developed in another country. It asks whether this model of crime mapping advances or limits goals of transparency and accountability, and what lessons it offers about the use of private sector civic technologies to serve public sector purposes.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89113941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.CH010
Mellisa Bowers, Gwen Cherne
International conflict and disaster response operations incorporate a diverse, multi-layered series of activities and actors working in the same space, and in contested environments. Differences in organizational culture, language, processes, and behavior can either inhibit or enhance understanding and cooperation. This chapter looks at how the Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) has developed, facilitated, and tested education and training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research to enhance understanding and cooperation. These activities provide the foundation for a holistic civil-military-police lessons framework that is being developed. They provide Australian government agencies, military, police, and the aid community with a guide to successfully maintain and contribute their technical expertise and perspectives to respond to conflict and disaster management. Through the continued refinement of training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research, this framework looks not only at lessons collection but also at implementation of these lessons in future practice.
{"title":"A Lessons Framework for Civil-Military-Police Conflict and Disaster Management","authors":"Mellisa Bowers, Gwen Cherne","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.CH010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.CH010","url":null,"abstract":"International conflict and disaster response operations incorporate a diverse, multi-layered series of activities and actors working in the same space, and in contested environments. Differences in organizational culture, language, processes, and behavior can either inhibit or enhance understanding and cooperation. This chapter looks at how the Australian Civil-Military Centre (ACMC) has developed, facilitated, and tested education and training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research to enhance understanding and cooperation. These activities provide the foundation for a holistic civil-military-police lessons framework that is being developed. They provide Australian government agencies, military, police, and the aid community with a guide to successfully maintain and contribute their technical expertise and perspectives to respond to conflict and disaster management. Through the continued refinement of training programs, preparedness exercises, and targeted research, this framework looks not only at lessons collection but also at implementation of these lessons in future practice.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76015083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch006
M. Mkhize, P. Madumi
The chapter examines the non-violent strategies that could be used to tackle police brutality. While the existing literature has focused on why police brutality is taking place, the primary objective of this chapter is to bridge the knowledge-gap with reference to non-violent strategies using three levels (strategic, tactical and operational). The chapter reviews current scholarly arguments. Two theoretical perspectives were employed to dissect variables of police brutality. The chapter argues that although non-violent strategies may appear to be effective in theory, they seem to be ineffectual in practice owing to implementation challenges. The failure of non-violent strategies is attributed to a disjuncture between policy objectives and implementation. The chapter concludes that lack of resources, lack of police transformation and lack of police accountability remain the key hindrances in the fight against police brutality. The chapter also recommends that partnerships need to be strengthened among oversight bodies and regulatory frameworks.
{"title":"Tackling Police Brutality Through Non-Violent Strategies in South Africa","authors":"M. Mkhize, P. Madumi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter examines the non-violent strategies that could be used to tackle police brutality. While the existing literature has focused on why police brutality is taking place, the primary objective of this chapter is to bridge the knowledge-gap with reference to non-violent strategies using three levels (strategic, tactical and operational). The chapter reviews current scholarly arguments. Two theoretical perspectives were employed to dissect variables of police brutality. The chapter argues that although non-violent strategies may appear to be effective in theory, they seem to be ineffectual in practice owing to implementation challenges. The failure of non-violent strategies is attributed to a disjuncture between policy objectives and implementation. The chapter concludes that lack of resources, lack of police transformation and lack of police accountability remain the key hindrances in the fight against police brutality. The chapter also recommends that partnerships need to be strengthened among oversight bodies and regulatory frameworks.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76526671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch004
N. Stamatakis
Today, the majority of research has focused on legitimacy, while much less attention has been given to the sources of trust in the police (Nix et al., 2014). Limited attention has been also paid to the examination of legitimacy of the police services as viewed by those they serve (Bottoms & Tankebe, 2013), especially by the young people. Hence, the current study aims to add to this body of research in three ways. First, it examines the factors that influence peoples' beliefs about the police and their intentions to cooperate or exhibit confidence. Second, this study constitutes one of the first empirical analyses that highlight the importance of examining the relationship between police authority and legitimacy in Brazil. Aiming to understand the dynamics among those notions in relation to trust and obedience, the empirical part of the present study is conducted in the district of Jardim Ângela (Sao Paolo); once considered as the most violent urban region in the world. The final contribution lies in its focus on early adolescence as the particular age forms a crucial period in peoples' legal socialization (Dirikx & Van den Bulck, 2014). The statistical analysis shows significant relationships between the frequency of obedience in laws and trust in the police, and dimensions of perceived legitimacy.
今天，大多数研究都集中在合法性上，而对警察信任的来源的关注要少得多(Nix et al.， 2014)。人们对警察服务的合法性的审查也给予了有限的关注(Bottoms & Tankebe, 2013)，尤其是年轻人。因此，目前的研究旨在通过三种方式补充这一研究体系。首先，它考察了影响人们对警察的信念以及他们合作或表现出信心的意图的因素。其次，本研究是第一批实证分析之一，强调了研究巴西警察权威与合法性之间关系的重要性。为了了解与信任和服从相关的这些概念之间的动态关系，本研究的实证部分在Jardim Ângela(圣保罗)地区进行;曾经被认为是世界上最暴力的城市地区。最后的贡献在于它对青少年早期的关注，因为这个特定的年龄形成了人们法律社会化的关键时期(Dirikx & Van den Bulck, 2014)。统计分析显示，服从法律的频率和对警察的信任与感知合法性的维度之间存在显著关系。
{"title":"Authority and Legitimacy","authors":"N. Stamatakis","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7672-3.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the majority of research has focused on legitimacy, while much less attention has been given to the sources of trust in the police (Nix et al., 2014). Limited attention has been also paid to the examination of legitimacy of the police services as viewed by those they serve (Bottoms & Tankebe, 2013), especially by the young people. Hence, the current study aims to add to this body of research in three ways. First, it examines the factors that influence peoples' beliefs about the police and their intentions to cooperate or exhibit confidence. Second, this study constitutes one of the first empirical analyses that highlight the importance of examining the relationship between police authority and legitimacy in Brazil. Aiming to understand the dynamics among those notions in relation to trust and obedience, the empirical part of the present study is conducted in the district of Jardim Ângela (Sao Paolo); once considered as the most violent urban region in the world. The final contribution lies in its focus on early adolescence as the particular age forms a crucial period in peoples' legal socialization (Dirikx & Van den Bulck, 2014). The statistical analysis shows significant relationships between the frequency of obedience in laws and trust in the police, and dimensions of perceived legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":85724,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law, criminology, and police science","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87094235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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