Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3671
Simone Cândido Ensinas Maekawa, Giselle Feliciani Barbosa, Jefferson Rogério Marques da Silva, Izadora Araujo Oliveira, João Victor Oliveira Rezende, A. M. Zuffo, F. Steiner
The silvopastoral system (SPS) stands out as an agroecological production system that has improved the soil's chemical quality. However, these chemical properties may have distinct changes with greater or lesser distances from the tree row tracks of the silvopastoral system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the distance of the soil sampling points from the eucalyptus tree rows in a 2-year silvopastoral system on acidity components and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of the soil, as well as to compare these chemical properties with the conventional pasture system and native Cerrado vegetation. In the silvopastoral system (SPS), the soil samples were collected at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 m of transverse distance from the eucalyptus tree row tracks. Soil samples collected in a conventional pasture area (CP) and a native Cerrado vegetation area (NV) were used as reference treatments. Soil samples were collected at depths from 0.0–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.30 m. The acidity components (pH, Al3+ and H + Al) and oxidizable organic C fractions (F1: labile fraction; F2: moderately labile fraction; and F3: poorly labile fraction) were determined. The results showed that the lowest soil acidity level was observed at 2.5 and 10.0 m distances from the eucalyptus tree rows. However, the spatial distribution of soil sampling points to the eucalyptus tree rows in a 2-year silvopastoral system did not change the oxidizable fractions of the soil organic carbon. The 2-year silvopastoral system and native Cerrado vegetation area had the highest concentrations of organic carbon in the labile (F1) and poorly labile (F3) fractions in the soil profile compared to the conventional pasture system. A 2-year silvopastoral system in a low fertility tropical soil from the Brazilian Cerrado has not yet been able to improve the soil's chemical quality; therefore, further research should be carried out to investigate the medium and long-term effects of the silvopastoral system on the acidity components and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of the soil.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of acidity components and oxidizable carbon fractions in a silvopastoral system","authors":"Simone Cândido Ensinas Maekawa, Giselle Feliciani Barbosa, Jefferson Rogério Marques da Silva, Izadora Araujo Oliveira, João Victor Oliveira Rezende, A. M. Zuffo, F. Steiner","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3671","url":null,"abstract":"The silvopastoral system (SPS) stands out as an agroecological production system that has improved the soil's chemical quality. However, these chemical properties may have distinct changes with greater or lesser distances from the tree row tracks of the silvopastoral system. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the distance of the soil sampling points from the eucalyptus tree rows in a 2-year silvopastoral system on acidity components and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of the soil, as well as to compare these chemical properties with the conventional pasture system and native Cerrado vegetation. In the silvopastoral system (SPS), the soil samples were collected at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 m of transverse distance from the eucalyptus tree row tracks. Soil samples collected in a conventional pasture area (CP) and a native Cerrado vegetation area (NV) were used as reference treatments. Soil samples were collected at depths from 0.0–0.10, 0.10–0.20, and 0.20–0.30 m. The acidity components (pH, Al3+ and H + Al) and oxidizable organic C fractions (F1: labile fraction; F2: moderately labile fraction; and F3: poorly labile fraction) were determined. The results showed that the lowest soil acidity level was observed at 2.5 and 10.0 m distances from the eucalyptus tree rows. However, the spatial distribution of soil sampling points to the eucalyptus tree rows in a 2-year silvopastoral system did not change the oxidizable fractions of the soil organic carbon. The 2-year silvopastoral system and native Cerrado vegetation area had the highest concentrations of organic carbon in the labile (F1) and poorly labile (F3) fractions in the soil profile compared to the conventional pasture system. A 2-year silvopastoral system in a low fertility tropical soil from the Brazilian Cerrado has not yet been able to improve the soil's chemical quality; therefore, further research should be carried out to investigate the medium and long-term effects of the silvopastoral system on the acidity components and oxidizable organic carbon fractions of the soil.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78746326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3599
A. S. Pessoa, C. D. M. Bertini, Emanuel Magalhães DA Costa, Tomil Ricardo Maia de Sousa, Anderson Rodrigo da Silva, Ana Kelly Firmino da Sillva
Cowpea is one of the most significant food and nutrient sources worldwide, with importance in three primary market sectors: dry grains, seeds, and the expanding green-grain sector. This study aimed to identify phenotypic patterns for selection in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp genotypes for green-grain production using similarity networks and identify its morpho-agronomic variables with greater discrimination ability. The rainfed experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the horticultural sector at the Plant Science Department of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, with 42 treatments. Three seeds were sown per hole, and the plants were thinned to two plants per hole, 15 days after sowing. Characterization was performed based on quantitative and qualitative variables, and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance based on an augmented block design. The conjugate distance matrix for the variables was graphically represented using similarity networks to identify phenotypic patterns. The results indicated that genotypes CE-164, 207, 999, 994, 1002, and 1007 should not be used in breeding programs for green-pod production since they show genetic similarity within commercial cultivars. The variables of days to fruiting, green-pod length, green-pod width, green-pod thickness, and green-grain thickness contribute to genetic divergence and have high heritability values. Crosses between cowpea genotypes CE-165, 244, 22, 96, and 98 can yield gains in green-grain production in advanced generations.
{"title":"Similarity networks in genotypes of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp for green-grain production","authors":"A. S. Pessoa, C. D. M. Bertini, Emanuel Magalhães DA Costa, Tomil Ricardo Maia de Sousa, Anderson Rodrigo da Silva, Ana Kelly Firmino da Sillva","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3599","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea is one of the most significant food and nutrient sources worldwide, with importance in three primary market sectors: dry grains, seeds, and the expanding green-grain sector. This study aimed to identify phenotypic patterns for selection in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp genotypes for green-grain production using similarity networks and identify its morpho-agronomic variables with greater discrimination ability. The rainfed experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the horticultural sector at the Plant Science Department of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Ceará, Brazil, with 42 treatments. Three seeds were sown per hole, and the plants were thinned to two plants per hole, 15 days after sowing. Characterization was performed based on quantitative and qualitative variables, and the data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance based on an augmented block design. The conjugate distance matrix for the variables was graphically represented using similarity networks to identify phenotypic patterns. The results indicated that genotypes CE-164, 207, 999, 994, 1002, and 1007 should not be used in breeding programs for green-pod production since they show genetic similarity within commercial cultivars. The variables of days to fruiting, green-pod length, green-pod width, green-pod thickness, and green-grain thickness contribute to genetic divergence and have high heritability values. Crosses between cowpea genotypes CE-165, 244, 22, 96, and 98 can yield gains in green-grain production in advanced generations.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77476803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3568
G. H. Dalposso, M. Uribe-Opazo, Márcio Paulo de Oliveira
In precision agriculture, interpolations are performed to map soybean yield, which facilitates decision making. Among the existing methods, geostatistics prevails, which uses information from the data’s spatial structure to generate interpolated maps. The spatial dependence structure is modeled based on the semivariogram, with the Matheron semivariance estimator being the most commonly used function. However, studies show unreliability in the presence of outliers; therefore, other researchers propose an alternative use of the Genton semivariance function estimator. Despite several studies comprising comparative works involving both estimators of the semivariance function, there are only a few comparative studies considering theoretical semivariograms with cyclical behavior, such as the Wave model. This study, therefore, aims to compare these two estimators considering adjustments of the Wave model in soybean yield data, when containing an outlier. The spatial dependence measure index was used to measure the degree of the model’s spatial dependence and the weighted Kappa index to assess the similarity of maps generated through kriging. It was possible to verify that the outlier removal was more impactful in the modeling considering the Matheron semivariance function estimator, thus confirming the robustness of the Genton semivariance function estimator
{"title":"Comparison between Matheron and Genton semivariance function estimators in spatial modeling of soybean yield","authors":"G. H. Dalposso, M. Uribe-Opazo, Márcio Paulo de Oliveira","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3568","url":null,"abstract":"In precision agriculture, interpolations are performed to map soybean yield, which facilitates decision making. Among the existing methods, geostatistics prevails, which uses information from the data’s spatial structure to generate interpolated maps. The spatial dependence structure is modeled based on the semivariogram, with the Matheron semivariance estimator being the most commonly used function. However, studies show unreliability in the presence of outliers; therefore, other researchers propose an alternative use of the Genton semivariance function estimator. Despite several studies comprising comparative works involving both estimators of the semivariance function, there are only a few comparative studies considering theoretical semivariograms with cyclical behavior, such as the Wave model. This study, therefore, aims to compare these two estimators considering adjustments of the Wave model in soybean yield data, when containing an outlier. The spatial dependence measure index was used to measure the degree of the model’s spatial dependence and the weighted Kappa index to assess the similarity of maps generated through kriging. It was possible to verify that the outlier removal was more impactful in the modeling considering the Matheron semivariance function estimator, thus confirming the robustness of the Genton semivariance function estimator","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p2355
D. T. Castanheira, R. J. Guimarães, Tiago Teruel Rezende, Milene Alves de Figueiredo Carvalho, Caroline Abreu Knuppel, Raphael Comanducci da Silva Carvalho
Lower water availability due to climate change has dramatically affected coffee yields and quality. Characteristics related to plants and soil can be explored to obtain more productive and sustainable coffee production under adverse crop conditions. To this end, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for using different agronomic practices to optimize water use in coffee plants and to mitigate the effects of lower water availability to the crop. In the plots, three soil management systems (polyethylene film, brachiaria and bare soil) were used. In the subplots, two types of fertilizers were used (conventional and controlled-release fertilizer). Five soil conditioners (coffee husk, gypsum, water-retaining polymer, organic compost, and the control) were distributed throughout the sub-subplots. The plant growth, soil moisture, leaf physiology and anatomy, and soil chemical properties of coffee plants were analysed. The management of the soil cover using polyethylene film or brachiaria stood out as agronomic practices that can be combined with coffee husk applications to enable the better use of water by coffee plants and to favour soil conditioning. Controlled-release fertilizer and gypsum allowed for improvements in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the plants. The use of organic compost favoured greater water availability; however, it caused losses in terms of coffee growth and physiological parameters due to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, based on results, the use of polyethylene film, brachiaria, controlled-release fertilizer, coffee husks, and gypsum are potential agronomic practices for optimizing water use and mitigating the effects of water deficit in coffee plants
{"title":"Optimization of water use in Coffea arabica L. grown under different agronomic practices","authors":"D. T. Castanheira, R. J. Guimarães, Tiago Teruel Rezende, Milene Alves de Figueiredo Carvalho, Caroline Abreu Knuppel, Raphael Comanducci da Silva Carvalho","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p2355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p2355","url":null,"abstract":"Lower water availability due to climate change has dramatically affected coffee yields and quality. Characteristics related to plants and soil can be explored to obtain more productive and sustainable coffee production under adverse crop conditions. To this end, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for using different agronomic practices to optimize water use in coffee plants and to mitigate the effects of lower water availability to the crop. In the plots, three soil management systems (polyethylene film, brachiaria and bare soil) were used. In the subplots, two types of fertilizers were used (conventional and controlled-release fertilizer). Five soil conditioners (coffee husk, gypsum, water-retaining polymer, organic compost, and the control) were distributed throughout the sub-subplots. The plant growth, soil moisture, leaf physiology and anatomy, and soil chemical properties of coffee plants were analysed. The management of the soil cover using polyethylene film or brachiaria stood out as agronomic practices that can be combined with coffee husk applications to enable the better use of water by coffee plants and to favour soil conditioning. Controlled-release fertilizer and gypsum allowed for improvements in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the plants. The use of organic compost favoured greater water availability; however, it caused losses in terms of coffee growth and physiological parameters due to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, based on results, the use of polyethylene film, brachiaria, controlled-release fertilizer, coffee husks, and gypsum are potential agronomic practices for optimizing water use and mitigating the effects of water deficit in coffee plants","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90072841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3652
K. F. Oligini, V. V. Batista, Carlos André Barhy, P. C. Conceição, L. Sartor, P. F. Adami
The aim of this study was to evaluate cover crop precocity and biomass yield growth as a 2nd summer crop after soybean at different sowing periods (January 2nd; February 2nd and March 2nd at 2019 and January 27th and March 3rd at 2020). Experiment was laid out as a randomized block design in a 3x3 factorial for each sowing period, in the 2019 and 2020 off-seasons, being factor A represented by the cover crops (Urochloa brizantha cultivar Xaraés, Crotalaria juncea cultivar IAC-KR-1 and Pennisetum glaucum cultivar ANm 38,) and factor B by the evaluation periods along cover crops development cycle. There was an interaction between cover crops and evaluation period for plant height and dry matter yield for both years. C. juncea and P. glaucum showed faster growth, regardless of the evaluation period and sowing periods, compared to U. brizantha in both years. Cover crop biomass yield reduced as sowing period is delayed from January to March to an extend that P. glaucum yield dropped from 14.6 to 4.2 t DM ha-1 at 2019 and from 14.4 to 6.9 t DM ha-1 at 2020 as a result shorter photoperiod and lower temperature. The same was noticed to U. brizantha and C. juncea which showed yields of 11.676 and 8.800 and 2.220 and 2.555 kg ha-1 at April 29th of 2019 and 12.507 and 7.812 and 3.041 and 2.346 kg DM ha-1 at June 18th 2020 respectively for January and March sowing periods. U. brizantha and C. juncea are more viable 90 days, while P. glaucum showed the fastest dry matter accumulation rate. All species are viable due to the benefits they provide to the productive system, which becomes more diversified and therefore more sustainable
本研究的目的是评价不同播期(1月2日;2019年2月2日和3月2日，2020年1月27日和3月3日)。试验采用3 × 3因子随机区组设计，在2019年和2020年的淡季，每个播期采用3 × 3因子设计，因子a以覆盖作物为代表(黑斑草品种xaramacos、黄爪草品种IAC-KR-1和白盆草品种ANm 38)，因子B以覆盖作物发育周期为评价期。覆盖作物与评价期在株高和干物质产量上均存在交互作用。不论评价期和播期，两年内芥菜和青花的生长速度都快于棘豆。由于播期从1月推迟到3月，覆盖作物生物量产量下降，且由于光期较短、温度较低，覆盖作物产量从2019年的14.6下降到4.2 t DM ha-1，到2020年从14.4下降到6.9 t DM ha-1。2019年4月29日和2020年6月18日，brizantha和juncea的产量分别为11.676、8.800、2.220和2.555 kg hm -1和12.507、7.812、3.041和2.346 kg DM hm -1。在90 d内活菌量最大的是棘花和芥菜，而青花的干物质积累速率最快。所有物种都是可行的，因为它们为生产系统提供了好处，使生产系统变得更加多样化，因此更具可持续性
{"title":"Cover crops biomass yield grown as a 2nd summer crop in relation to sowing periods","authors":"K. F. Oligini, V. V. Batista, Carlos André Barhy, P. C. Conceição, L. Sartor, P. F. Adami","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3652","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate cover crop precocity and biomass yield growth as a 2nd summer crop after soybean at different sowing periods (January 2nd; February 2nd and March 2nd at 2019 and January 27th and March 3rd at 2020). Experiment was laid out as a randomized block design in a 3x3 factorial for each sowing period, in the 2019 and 2020 off-seasons, being factor A represented by the cover crops (Urochloa brizantha cultivar Xaraés, Crotalaria juncea cultivar IAC-KR-1 and Pennisetum glaucum cultivar ANm 38,) and factor B by the evaluation periods along cover crops development cycle. There was an interaction between cover crops and evaluation period for plant height and dry matter yield for both years. C. juncea and P. glaucum showed faster growth, regardless of the evaluation period and sowing periods, compared to U. brizantha in both years. Cover crop biomass yield reduced as sowing period is delayed from January to March to an extend that P. glaucum yield dropped from 14.6 to 4.2 t DM ha-1 at 2019 and from 14.4 to 6.9 t DM ha-1 at 2020 as a result shorter photoperiod and lower temperature. The same was noticed to U. brizantha and C. juncea which showed yields of 11.676 and 8.800 and 2.220 and 2.555 kg ha-1 at April 29th of 2019 and 12.507 and 7.812 and 3.041 and 2.346 kg DM ha-1 at June 18th 2020 respectively for January and March sowing periods. U. brizantha and C. juncea are more viable 90 days, while P. glaucum showed the fastest dry matter accumulation rate. All species are viable due to the benefits they provide to the productive system, which becomes more diversified and therefore more sustainable","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80635929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3645
Ismul Mauludin Al Habib, S. Hartatik, Sobir Ridwani, S. Avivi
Tobacco plant is one of the high commercial crops that give the largest foreign exchange sources in Indonesia. It also contributes to providing employment not only for farmers but also industrial sectors. Tobacco plant experiences growth failure due to excessive rain, which causes waterlogging to the plants so that the plants become submerged and show hypoxia. A hypoxia tolerant variety is needed to reduce losses in tobacco cultivation. The research was conducted in a greenhouse and biology laboratory at the University of PGRI Argopuro Jember. This research aimed to study the post-hypoxic stress recovery ability in three previously studied varieties of tobacco plants such as sensitive, moderate, and tolerant varieties. The results showed that the treatment of hypoxic stress on tobacco plants significantly affected the parameters of stomatal activity, transpiration rate, and the amount of reducing sugar. In the sensitive and moderate tobacco varieties, the greater percentage of waterlogging resulted in decreased stomatal activity, transpiration rate, and percentage of sucrose. The tolerant tobacco varieties (Bojonegoro var.) show a tendency to increase stomatal activity (76.203, 79.735, 86.963, and 92.227, respectively, for waterlogging 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% field capacity), transpiration rate (0.139, 0.124, 0.130, and 0.146, respectively, for waterlogging 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% field capacity), and percentage of sucrose (3.45, 3.64, 3.73, and 4.31, respectively, for waterlogging 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% field capacity) with a higher percentage of waterlogging. Three varieties of tobacco with tolerant, moderate, and sensitive categories to hypoxia developed different metabolisms to cope with energy crises caused by waterlogging stress comprised of the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and sucrose percentage
{"title":"Recovery of three different varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under waterlogging stress","authors":"Ismul Mauludin Al Habib, S. Hartatik, Sobir Ridwani, S. Avivi","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3645","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco plant is one of the high commercial crops that give the largest foreign exchange sources in Indonesia. It also contributes to providing employment not only for farmers but also industrial sectors. Tobacco plant experiences growth failure due to excessive rain, which causes waterlogging to the plants so that the plants become submerged and show hypoxia. A hypoxia tolerant variety is needed to reduce losses in tobacco cultivation. The research was conducted in a greenhouse and biology laboratory at the University of PGRI Argopuro Jember. This research aimed to study the post-hypoxic stress recovery ability in three previously studied varieties of tobacco plants such as sensitive, moderate, and tolerant varieties. The results showed that the treatment of hypoxic stress on tobacco plants significantly affected the parameters of stomatal activity, transpiration rate, and the amount of reducing sugar. In the sensitive and moderate tobacco varieties, the greater percentage of waterlogging resulted in decreased stomatal activity, transpiration rate, and percentage of sucrose. The tolerant tobacco varieties (Bojonegoro var.) show a tendency to increase stomatal activity (76.203, 79.735, 86.963, and 92.227, respectively, for waterlogging 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% field capacity), transpiration rate (0.139, 0.124, 0.130, and 0.146, respectively, for waterlogging 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% field capacity), and percentage of sucrose (3.45, 3.64, 3.73, and 4.31, respectively, for waterlogging 100%, 120%, 140%, and 160% field capacity) with a higher percentage of waterlogging. Three varieties of tobacco with tolerant, moderate, and sensitive categories to hypoxia developed different metabolisms to cope with energy crises caused by waterlogging stress comprised of the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and sucrose percentage","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85908798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3538
C. H. E. D. Souza, V. G. Ribeiro, Lara Lúcia Gonçalves, Mateus Gonçalves de Borba, Roberto Dos Anjos Reis Jr
Phosphate fertilization is an important tool for achieving high yields in soybean, especially in tropical soils where phosphate fertilization efficiency is low. Fertilizers with improved efficiency, such as polymer-coated fertilizers, are one of several strategies to increase P fertilization efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant growth, leaf P content, soybean yield, and P fertilization efficiency in different seasons in response to P rates and sources. A factorial experiment (2 x 4) + 1 using two P sources (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and Policote-coated MAP), four P rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg P2O5 ha-1), and the control (no P fertilization) was conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons. Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield and was affected by P rates and sources. Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5, while when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic P use efficiency (APUE), which was mitigated by P-coated fertilizer (fertilizer with improved efficiency). Lower APUE was observed in the 2019/2020 season, likely as a result of residual effects from previous phosphate fertilizer applications
磷肥是实现大豆高产的重要手段，特别是在磷肥效率较低的热带土壤中。聚合物包膜肥料是提高磷肥效率的几种策略之一。本研究旨在评价不同季节植物生长、叶片磷含量、大豆产量和施磷效率对施磷量和施磷源的响应。采用2 × 4 + 1因子试验，采用2种磷源(磷酸一铵(MAP)和包覆磷酸一铵(Policote-coated MAP)， 4种施磷量(40、80、120和160 kg P2O5 hm -1)和对照(不施磷肥)，在2016-2020季以大豆为试验材料。施磷肥能提高大豆产量，并受施磷素量和磷素来源的影响。在2017/2018、2018/2019和2019/2020季节，施用158.0、125.3和160 kg ha-1 P2O5时，MAP的大豆产量分别从未施用磷肥的1464.7 kg ha-1、468.4 kg ha-1和2297.3 kg ha-1增加到施用159.0、125.3和160 kg ha-1 P2O5时的3,638.5 kg ha-1、3,682.1 kg ha-1和3,856.7 kg ha-1，而施用Policote时，在159.0、160.0和140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5时，MAP的最大产量分别为3,950.3 kg ha-1、4,380.5 kg ha-1和4,343.0 kg ha-1。磷肥施用量的增加会降低磷素农艺利用率(APUE)，磷素包覆肥(效率提高肥)可以缓解这一影响。2019/2020季APUE较低，可能是由于之前磷肥施用的残留效应
{"title":"Phosphorus fertilizer with increased efficiency affects soybean yields","authors":"C. H. E. D. Souza, V. G. Ribeiro, Lara Lúcia Gonçalves, Mateus Gonçalves de Borba, Roberto Dos Anjos Reis Jr","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3538","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate fertilization is an important tool for achieving high yields in soybean, especially in tropical soils where phosphate fertilization efficiency is low. Fertilizers with improved efficiency, such as polymer-coated fertilizers, are one of several strategies to increase P fertilization efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant growth, leaf P content, soybean yield, and P fertilization efficiency in different seasons in response to P rates and sources. A factorial experiment (2 x 4) + 1 using two P sources (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and Policote-coated MAP), four P rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg P2O5 ha-1), and the control (no P fertilization) was conducted with soybean in the 2016-2020 seasons. Phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield and was affected by P rates and sources. Soybean yield increased from 1464.7 kg ha-1, 468.4 kg ha-1, and 2297.3 kg ha-1 without P fertilization to 3,638.5 kg ha-1, 3,682.1 kg ha-1, and 3,856.7 kg ha-1, respectively, when MAP was applied at 158.0, 125.3, and 160 kg ha-1 P2O5, while when Policote coated MAP, the maximum productivity was 3,950.3 kg ha-1, 4,380.5 kg ha-1 and 4,343.0 kg ha-1 with 159.0, 160.0 and 140.1 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively, in 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates decreased agronomic P use efficiency (APUE), which was mitigated by P-coated fertilizer (fertilizer with improved efficiency). Lower APUE was observed in the 2019/2020 season, likely as a result of residual effects from previous phosphate fertilizer applications","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81894132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3625
M. Navroski, Mariane de Oliveira Pereira, E. R. Konzen, L. Miranda, Regiane Abjaud Estopa, C. S. Mota
The photosynthetic light-response curve reflects the instantaneous response of the net photosynthetic rate to different gradients of photosynthetically active radiation. Genetic materials can respond differently to light and consequently alter productivity. Thus, this work aimed to compare clones of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii by checking the CO2 assimilation rate due to the increase in photosynthetically active radiation. The evaluations were carried out in mini-stumps implanted in a clonal mini-garden system. The CO2 assimilation rate curves were determined with the aid of a portable photosynthesis meter. The curves of CO2 assimilation rate (A) in response to the increase in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were evaluated at values of 1500, 1000, 700, 450, 250, 120, 50 and 0 μmol m-2 s-1 for clones of E. benthamii and E. dunnii. The three Eucalyptus clones evaluated showed a similar behavior of the A/PAR curve, showing a high demand for photosynthetically active radiation. In general, the three clones were very similar in terms of CO2 assimilation rate due to the increase in photosynthetically active radiation
{"title":"Photosynthetic light response curves in Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii clones","authors":"M. Navroski, Mariane de Oliveira Pereira, E. R. Konzen, L. Miranda, Regiane Abjaud Estopa, C. S. Mota","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3625","url":null,"abstract":"The photosynthetic light-response curve reflects the instantaneous response of the net photosynthetic rate to different gradients of photosynthetically active radiation. Genetic materials can respond differently to light and consequently alter productivity. Thus, this work aimed to compare clones of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii by checking the CO2 assimilation rate due to the increase in photosynthetically active radiation. The evaluations were carried out in mini-stumps implanted in a clonal mini-garden system. The CO2 assimilation rate curves were determined with the aid of a portable photosynthesis meter. The curves of CO2 assimilation rate (A) in response to the increase in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were evaluated at values of 1500, 1000, 700, 450, 250, 120, 50 and 0 μmol m-2 s-1 for clones of E. benthamii and E. dunnii. The three Eucalyptus clones evaluated showed a similar behavior of the A/PAR curve, showing a high demand for photosynthetically active radiation. In general, the three clones were very similar in terms of CO2 assimilation rate due to the increase in photosynthetically active radiation","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85688880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3442
J. J. Nuvunga, Cristian Tiago Erazo Mendes, Alessandra Querino da Silva, Luciano Antonio de Oliveira, Carlos Pereira da Silva, Lídia Andarusse, J. S. S. B. Filho
This study evaluated the stability and adaptability of common peanut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) in three locations across northern Mozambique over four years, using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) under a Bayesian approach. The multi-environmental data consisted of 20 genotypes evaluated in three locations. We analyzed grain yield in tons per hectare in a complete randomized block design for each location. The results indicated that genotypes with higher marginal yield contribute to the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and thus are not largely recommended for the entire target environment. The Namapa (NMP) location showed consistent behavior and did not contribute to the GEI effect, and in this sense, G6 and G7 would be the best indications for this location. Moreover, genotypes considered stable, with emphasis on the G20 genotype, did not have a good average yield. Mapupulo (MPPL) and Nampula (NLP) had a significant contribution to GEI, and the best genotypes for these locations were G7 and G3, respectively. In this sense, the results of the analysis specified that using genotypes in specific environments would be the best strategy to decrease the effect of GEI and increase peanut productivity in the environments considered
{"title":"Evaluating the adaptability and stability of common peanut varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Northern Mozambique using the AMMI Bayesian model","authors":"J. J. Nuvunga, Cristian Tiago Erazo Mendes, Alessandra Querino da Silva, Luciano Antonio de Oliveira, Carlos Pereira da Silva, Lídia Andarusse, J. S. S. B. Filho","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3442","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the stability and adaptability of common peanut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) in three locations across northern Mozambique over four years, using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) under a Bayesian approach. The multi-environmental data consisted of 20 genotypes evaluated in three locations. We analyzed grain yield in tons per hectare in a complete randomized block design for each location. The results indicated that genotypes with higher marginal yield contribute to the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and thus are not largely recommended for the entire target environment. The Namapa (NMP) location showed consistent behavior and did not contribute to the GEI effect, and in this sense, G6 and G7 would be the best indications for this location. Moreover, genotypes considered stable, with emphasis on the G20 genotype, did not have a good average yield. Mapupulo (MPPL) and Nampula (NLP) had a significant contribution to GEI, and the best genotypes for these locations were G7 and G3, respectively. In this sense, the results of the analysis specified that using genotypes in specific environments would be the best strategy to decrease the effect of GEI and increase peanut productivity in the environments considered","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77038867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3548
J. Furtado, E. Almeida, Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira, Antônio Clementino dos Santos, Tiago Vieira da Costa, Marcelo Feitosa da Silva, J. Souza, Washington da Silva Sousa, I. S. Ponte, J. R. Freitas
Soybean is one of the main crops in Brazil, with a significant share of national agribusiness exports. Nonetheless, several factors such as weed competition and soil fertility directly affect soybean yield and productivity. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of weeds as a function of soil fertility and soybean yield in farming fields. We carried out the experiment on a farm located in Brejo, Maranhão state, Brazil, through a geostatistical analysis of 60 sampling points on a regular grid of 10.0 m x 50.0 m. At these points, we collected phytosociological information on the weed community, soil fertility, and soybean yield. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the most responsive variables and to group them. We determined spatial dependence through geostatistical procedures, with the interpretation and adjustment of variogram components. We identified seven weed species, distributed across seven genera and six botanical families, of which 76.78% were eudicotyledons. In the cluster analysis, we grouped monocotyledonous species separately from eudicotyledons as explained by the morphophysiological contrasts between these botanical classes. Soybean yield did not correlate with soil fertility or weeds. These two factors can be considered only as a share of soybean productivity because their individual variations do not directly influence production factors. The efficient management of weeds and soil fertility should result in a more uniform and potencially more soybean yield when other conditioning factors are also effective
大豆是巴西的主要作物之一，在全国农业出口中占有很大份额。然而，杂草竞争和土壤肥力等因素直接影响大豆的产量和生产力。本研究旨在分析农田杂草的空间分布与土壤肥力和大豆产量的关系。我们在巴西maranh州Brejo的一个农场进行了实验，通过对10.0 m x 50.0 m的规则网格上的60个采样点进行地质统计学分析。在这些点上，我们收集了有关杂草群落、土壤肥力和大豆产量的植物社会学信息。我们进行了主成分分析(PCA)来确定最敏感的变量并对它们进行分组。我们通过地统计学程序，通过变异函数分量的解释和调整来确定空间依赖性。共鉴定出7种杂草，分布于6科7属，其中苦子叶类占76.78%。在聚类分析中，我们将单子叶属植物与真子叶属植物分开分类，以解释这些植物类别之间的形态生理差异。大豆产量与土壤肥力和杂草无关。这两个因素只能作为大豆生产力的一部分来考虑，因为它们的个体变化并不直接影响生产因素。在其他调节因素也有效的情况下，对杂草和土壤肥力的有效管理应该会导致更均匀和可能更高的大豆产量
{"title":"Spatial relation of weed competition and soil fertility in soybean farming","authors":"J. Furtado, E. Almeida, Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira, Antônio Clementino dos Santos, Tiago Vieira da Costa, Marcelo Feitosa da Silva, J. Souza, Washington da Silva Sousa, I. S. Ponte, J. R. Freitas","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.22.16.07.p3548","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is one of the main crops in Brazil, with a significant share of national agribusiness exports. Nonetheless, several factors such as weed competition and soil fertility directly affect soybean yield and productivity. This study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of weeds as a function of soil fertility and soybean yield in farming fields. We carried out the experiment on a farm located in Brejo, Maranhão state, Brazil, through a geostatistical analysis of 60 sampling points on a regular grid of 10.0 m x 50.0 m. At these points, we collected phytosociological information on the weed community, soil fertility, and soybean yield. We performed principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the most responsive variables and to group them. We determined spatial dependence through geostatistical procedures, with the interpretation and adjustment of variogram components. We identified seven weed species, distributed across seven genera and six botanical families, of which 76.78% were eudicotyledons. In the cluster analysis, we grouped monocotyledonous species separately from eudicotyledons as explained by the morphophysiological contrasts between these botanical classes. Soybean yield did not correlate with soil fertility or weeds. These two factors can be considered only as a share of soybean productivity because their individual variations do not directly influence production factors. The efficient management of weeds and soil fertility should result in a more uniform and potencially more soybean yield when other conditioning factors are also effective","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90513606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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