Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3915
Bayan Al-Momany, Saeid Abu-Romman
Salinity is becoming more expanded globally. Soil salinity imposes a great challenge for vegetable-crops production in arid and semiarid regions. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is the fourth most important vegetable crop worldwide. In this review, we discuss the complex network of effects, and the ways cucumber responds to salinity. Salt stress inhibits almost all growth phases and yield components of cucumber. Accumulation of Na+ and/or Cl- ions in cucumber tissues disturbs the absorption of other ions causing ionic imbalance which affect stomatal opening. Nevertheless, high levels of NaCl in soil inhibit water uptake in the root medium exposing cucumber to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress broadly interrupts metabolic pathways by altering enzymatic activity. Both, ionic and osmotic stresses induce ROS amassing in cucumber tissues. ROS directly constrain photosynthesis by decreasing levels of total chlorophyll and degrading PSII as well as corrupting thylakoid membranes. Ultimately, NaCl-induced stress inhibits cucumber seed germination, roots and shoots growth and development, fruit quality and yield production
{"title":"Cucumber and salinity","authors":"Bayan Al-Momany, Saeid Abu-Romman","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3915","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is becoming more expanded globally. Soil salinity imposes a great challenge for vegetable-crops production in arid and semiarid regions. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is the fourth most important vegetable crop worldwide. In this review, we discuss the complex network of effects, and the ways cucumber responds to salinity. Salt stress inhibits almost all growth phases and yield components of cucumber. Accumulation of Na+ and/or Cl- ions in cucumber tissues disturbs the absorption of other ions causing ionic imbalance which affect stomatal opening. Nevertheless, high levels of NaCl in soil inhibit water uptake in the root medium exposing cucumber to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress broadly interrupts metabolic pathways by altering enzymatic activity. Both, ionic and osmotic stresses induce ROS amassing in cucumber tissues. ROS directly constrain photosynthesis by decreasing levels of total chlorophyll and degrading PSII as well as corrupting thylakoid membranes. Ultimately, NaCl-induced stress inhibits cucumber seed germination, roots and shoots growth and development, fruit quality and yield production","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3849
Fabrício Krzyzaniak, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht
Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis [L.] Mez ex Ekman) is a problematic weed with special attention to its damage and herbicide resistance in Brazil and Paraguay. Considering the complexity of management and failure in control approaches, the goal of the present study was to monitor and investigate herbicide resistance in D. insularis. Furthermore, we specifically analyze a case with multiple resistance in Paraguay. In this sense, studies were carried out for the development of dose-response curves. The results showed resistance of D. insularis to ACCase- and EPSPs-inhibiting herbicides in Paraguay, in which the resistance to ACCase inhibitors involves the chemical groups aryloxyphenoxypropionates and cyclohexanediones. This is probably the first case of resistance observed in the world. It is necessary to apply good practices in the set of integrated weed management. These practices should be accessed as quickly and effectively as possible, serving as a lesson for more proactive and less reactive actions in production systems.
酸草(Digitaria insularis);[Mez ex Ekman]是一种有问题的杂草，在巴西和巴拉圭需要特别注意它的危害和除草剂抗性。考虑到管理的复杂性和控制方法的失败，本研究的目的是监测和调查草蛉对除草剂的抗性。此外，我们具体分析了巴拉圭的一个多重耐药性病例。在这个意义上，进行了研究，以制定剂量-反应曲线。结果表明，巴拉圭岛菊对ACCase抑制剂和epsps抑制剂具有抗性，其中对ACCase抑制剂的抗性涉及芳氧苯氧丙酸酯和环己二酮类化学基团。这可能是世界上观察到的第一例耐药性病例。在杂草综合治理中，有必要采用良好的管理方法。应该尽可能快速有效地访问这些实践，为生产系统中更主动、更少被动的操作提供经验。
{"title":"Digitaria insularis: cross-resistance between ACCase inhibitors and multiple resistance to glyphosate","authors":"Fabrício Krzyzaniak, Leandro Paiola Albrecht, Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3849","url":null,"abstract":"Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis [L.] Mez ex Ekman) is a problematic weed with special attention to its damage and herbicide resistance in Brazil and Paraguay. Considering the complexity of management and failure in control approaches, the goal of the present study was to monitor and investigate herbicide resistance in D. insularis. Furthermore, we specifically analyze a case with multiple resistance in Paraguay. In this sense, studies were carried out for the development of dose-response curves. The results showed resistance of D. insularis to ACCase- and EPSPs-inhibiting herbicides in Paraguay, in which the resistance to ACCase inhibitors involves the chemical groups aryloxyphenoxypropionates and cyclohexanediones. This is probably the first case of resistance observed in the world. It is necessary to apply good practices in the set of integrated weed management. These practices should be accessed as quickly and effectively as possible, serving as a lesson for more proactive and less reactive actions in production systems.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3801
Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Alany Moisa Bezerra de Almeida, Patricio Borges Maracajá, Lunara de Sousa Alves, Aline Carla de Medeiros, Janilson Pinheiro de Assis, Roberto Pequeno de Sousa, Joaquim Odilon Pereira, Maiele Leandro da Silva, Natalia Fernandes de Oliveira Alves, Maria Elisa da Costa Souza, Domingos Severino de Souza Junior, Thiago Jardelino Dias, Antônia Vilma de Andrade Ferreira Amâncio, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of organic cultivation of mint under different amounts of hairy woodrose and harvesting times. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with the treatments arranged in 4 x 3 factorial scheme with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four amounts of hairy woodrose (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m-2 of dry beds) and the second factor, corresponded to three harvest bunches (30; 60 and 90 days after transplanting). The cultivar "Mentha piperita" was used as mint crop. The evaluated characteristics were the following: biomass height, biomass production, number of sauces, dry mass, oil content and yield. There was interaction between the factors-treatments for yield, number of bunches and oil content. The best productive performance of the mint was obtained in the amount of 1.0 kg/m2 of hairy woodrose incorporated into the soil at 60 days after mint transplanting (AMT). Hairy woodrose proved to be efficient as a green manuring in the mint crop.
本试验旨在探讨不同毛糖用量和采收时间下有机栽培薄荷的可能性。试验设计为随机完全区组，处理按4 × 3因子方案安排，设3个重复。第一个因子包括4个量的毛状木糖(0.0、0.5、1.0和1.5 kg m-2的干床)，第二个因子对应于3个收获串(30;移植后60天和90天)。栽培品种“薄荷”作为薄荷作物。评价指标为:生物量高度、生物量产量、酱料数量、干质量、含油量和产量。产量、串数和含油量处理之间存在交互作用。在薄荷移栽后60 d，土壤中加入1.0 kg/m2的毛状木糖可获得最佳的生产性能。毛木糖被证明是薄荷作物中一种有效的绿色肥料。
{"title":"Organic cultivation of mint under different amounts of hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and harvesting times","authors":"Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Alany Moisa Bezerra de Almeida, Patricio Borges Maracajá, Lunara de Sousa Alves, Aline Carla de Medeiros, Janilson Pinheiro de Assis, Roberto Pequeno de Sousa, Joaquim Odilon Pereira, Maiele Leandro da Silva, Natalia Fernandes de Oliveira Alves, Maria Elisa da Costa Souza, Domingos Severino de Souza Junior, Thiago Jardelino Dias, Antônia Vilma de Andrade Ferreira Amâncio, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3801","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of organic cultivation of mint under different amounts of hairy woodrose and harvesting times. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with the treatments arranged in 4 x 3 factorial scheme with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four amounts of hairy woodrose (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m-2 of dry beds) and the second factor, corresponded to three harvest bunches (30; 60 and 90 days after transplanting). The cultivar \"Mentha piperita\" was used as mint crop. The evaluated characteristics were the following: biomass height, biomass production, number of sauces, dry mass, oil content and yield. There was interaction between the factors-treatments for yield, number of bunches and oil content. The best productive performance of the mint was obtained in the amount of 1.0 kg/m2 of hairy woodrose incorporated into the soil at 60 days after mint transplanting (AMT). Hairy woodrose proved to be efficient as a green manuring in the mint crop.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3936
Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan, Tran Kim Anh, Le Thi Hong Diep, Tran Thi Bich Van, Le Thi My Thu, Nguyen Quoc Khuong
This study aimed to (i) establish the diagnosis and recommendation of integrated system (DRIS) norms for the evaluation of nutrient status in pineapple plants and (ii) validate the reliability of DRIS norms. Eighty-six leaf samples at +1 (E leaf) and +3 (D leaf) positions were collected from 86 pineapple fields cultivated in acid sulfate soils at the leaf development stage. Results indicated that DRIS norms established for pineapple included 22 and 30 pairs of nutrient ratios at E and D leaf positions, respectively. The validation for the reliability showed that founded DRIS norms were reliable and suitable for assessing the nutrients status of pineapple. Based on the fertilizer omission plot technique, DRIS indices of N, Ca, and Mg in the treatments without N, Ca, or Mg fertilizer, respectively, were less excessive than those in the treatment with full NPKCaMg fertilization at both leaf positions, meaning that the DRIS norm is reliable. Both leaf positions can be used to diagnose N, K, Ca, and Mg nutrients status
{"title":"Foundation and validation of diagnosis and recommendation of integrated system norms for evaluating nutrient status of pineapple plants (Ananas comosus L.)","authors":"Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan, Tran Kim Anh, Le Thi Hong Diep, Tran Thi Bich Van, Le Thi My Thu, Nguyen Quoc Khuong","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3936","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to (i) establish the diagnosis and recommendation of integrated system (DRIS) norms for the evaluation of nutrient status in pineapple plants and (ii) validate the reliability of DRIS norms. Eighty-six leaf samples at +1 (E leaf) and +3 (D leaf) positions were collected from 86 pineapple fields cultivated in acid sulfate soils at the leaf development stage. Results indicated that DRIS norms established for pineapple included 22 and 30 pairs of nutrient ratios at E and D leaf positions, respectively. The validation for the reliability showed that founded DRIS norms were reliable and suitable for assessing the nutrients status of pineapple. Based on the fertilizer omission plot technique, DRIS indices of N, Ca, and Mg in the treatments without N, Ca, or Mg fertilizer, respectively, were less excessive than those in the treatment with full NPKCaMg fertilization at both leaf positions, meaning that the DRIS norm is reliable. Both leaf positions can be used to diagnose N, K, Ca, and Mg nutrients status","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3715
Johny de Souza Silva, Rafael Santiago da Costa, Carlos Yago Araujo Campelo Rodrigues, Bruna Alves da Silva, Tomil Ricardo Maia de Sousa, Flávio Barcellos Cardoso, Rosilene Oliveira Mesquista
This study was intended to assess the effects of a biostimulant based on Ascophyllum nodosum and fulvic acid in the mitigation of water deficit in soybean plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme (two application times, four proportions of biostimulant, and a control. 65 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, and dry masses were measured. The proportion of 0.250 kg ha-1 before the imposition of water deficit positively increased growth, gas exchange variables, and the relative chlorophyll index (p < 0.05). Leaf water potential was less negative (p < 0.05) when applying the proportion of 0.100 kg ha-1 before or 0.250 kg ha-1 after water deficit. The damage was reduced when 0.250 to 0.500 kg ha-1 was applied before the imposition of water deficit (p < 0.05). The biostimulant mitigated the effects of water stress on soybean, mainly when applied before the imposition of stress
本研究旨在评估一种以藤蔓和黄腐酸为基础的生物刺激素在缓解大豆植株水分亏缺中的作用。实验设计完全随机化，采用2 × 4 + 1的阶乘方案(2次应用，4种比例的生物刺激剂，和一个对照)。播后65 d，测定株高、茎粗、叶数、叶面积、气体交换、光合色素、膜损伤和干质量。施加水分亏缺前0.250 kg ha-1的比例正增加了生长、气体交换变量和相对叶绿素指数(p <0.05)。叶片水势负性较小(p <亏水前和亏水后分别施0.100 kg ha-1和0.250 kg ha-1。在实施水分亏缺之前，施用0.250 ~ 0.500 kg ha-1可减少损害(p <0.05)。生物刺激素减轻了水分胁迫对大豆的影响，主要是在施加胁迫之前施用
{"title":"The application of a biostimulant based on Ascophyllum nodosum, fulvic acid and nutrients mitigates water deficit in soybean","authors":"Johny de Souza Silva, Rafael Santiago da Costa, Carlos Yago Araujo Campelo Rodrigues, Bruna Alves da Silva, Tomil Ricardo Maia de Sousa, Flávio Barcellos Cardoso, Rosilene Oliveira Mesquista","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3715","url":null,"abstract":"This study was intended to assess the effects of a biostimulant based on Ascophyllum nodosum and fulvic acid in the mitigation of water deficit in soybean plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme (two application times, four proportions of biostimulant, and a control. 65 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, and dry masses were measured. The proportion of 0.250 kg ha-1 before the imposition of water deficit positively increased growth, gas exchange variables, and the relative chlorophyll index (p < 0.05). Leaf water potential was less negative (p < 0.05) when applying the proportion of 0.100 kg ha-1 before or 0.250 kg ha-1 after water deficit. The damage was reduced when 0.250 to 0.500 kg ha-1 was applied before the imposition of water deficit (p < 0.05). The biostimulant mitigated the effects of water stress on soybean, mainly when applied before the imposition of stress","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regionalization of an agricultural area by dividing it into different clusters is an important strategy in the precision agriculture scope. Multivariate and spatial data are common in the design of these divisions. This paper sought to characterize regional differences in the area under study through different subsets of variables formed by soil physical-chemical variables and vegetative indices, in an agricultural area for four soybean harvest years in the period from 2013/2014 to 2016/2017. To such end, three subsets were generated comprised by these variables, which presented spatial dependence and were grouped according to their characteristics. By means of decision trees, it was identified which of these variables exerted the most influence on subdivision of the area. The multivariate and non-parametric spatial clustering technique was used to generate the clusters. Finally, by means of maps and boxplots, the spatial relationships between these variables and soybean productivity were evaluated. There was variation across the harvest years in relation to the subset of variables that determined the best design of the different clusters. The regional differences determined by the different variables used in the study showed no relationship with soybean productivity, which presented spatial homogeneity in its data for the harvest years evaluated. This approach is recommended when there is high spatial variability of factors that exert impacts on productivity, advising on using both soil physical-chemical variables and the vegetative indices to explain the causes of soybean productivity spatial variability
{"title":"Regionalization of an agricultural area by means of multivariate data and their relationship with soybean productivity","authors":"Rodrigo Lorbieski, Luciana Pagliosa Carvalho Guedes, Miguel Angel Uribe- Opazo, Franciele Buss Frescki Kestring","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3895","url":null,"abstract":"Regionalization of an agricultural area by dividing it into different clusters is an important strategy in the precision agriculture scope. Multivariate and spatial data are common in the design of these divisions. This paper sought to characterize regional differences in the area under study through different subsets of variables formed by soil physical-chemical variables and vegetative indices, in an agricultural area for four soybean harvest years in the period from 2013/2014 to 2016/2017. To such end, three subsets were generated comprised by these variables, which presented spatial dependence and were grouped according to their characteristics. By means of decision trees, it was identified which of these variables exerted the most influence on subdivision of the area. The multivariate and non-parametric spatial clustering technique was used to generate the clusters. Finally, by means of maps and boxplots, the spatial relationships between these variables and soybean productivity were evaluated. There was variation across the harvest years in relation to the subset of variables that determined the best design of the different clusters. The regional differences determined by the different variables used in the study showed no relationship with soybean productivity, which presented spatial homogeneity in its data for the harvest years evaluated. This approach is recommended when there is high spatial variability of factors that exert impacts on productivity, advising on using both soil physical-chemical variables and the vegetative indices to explain the causes of soybean productivity spatial variability","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thuriferous juniper (Juniperus thurifera) is an important species in the Mediterranean region due to its ecological and economic values. It plays a significant role in preventing soil erosion and desertification, as well as being used in traditional medicine and as a source of essential oils for various industries. In addition, its extracts are considered as a source of bioactive compounds with various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However in Morocco, it is considered as one of the undervalued and least preserved species. Its stands continue to be vigorously degraded. The present work aims to study the effect of the origin on the yield, the phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins contents and the antioxidant activity of the leaves extracts of this species. In order to accomplish this study, we carried out the extraction by soxhlet from the leaves of J. thurifera, coming from three geographical origins, using two solvents (hexane and ethanol). Then the dosage of different compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins) and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity were carried out. The results show a significant variability between the samples coming from three different biogeographical zones, namely: the Eastern, Central and Western High Atlas in terms of yield and levels of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins. This allowed to demonstrate the effect of geographical origin and the interaction between environmental conditions and genotype on the production of secondary metabolites. In fact, we found that the Midelt population has a good yield in ethanolic extracts (9.41% ± 0.59) and hexane 6.57% ± 0.29. Furthermore, the El Haouz population is the richest in polyphenols in ethanolic extracts (191.30 ± 4.27 mg GAE /g Extract), as well as it has an important reducing potential (IC50 = 0.98 ± 0.05 mg/ml). These results can be exploited as bioindicators in all programs of valorization and conservation of Moroccan Juniperus thurifera
{"title":"Effect of geographical origin on yield and secondary metabolite content of extracts of Moroccan Juniperus thurifera","authors":"Khalid Benhssaine, Jamal Aabdousse, Nora Salim, Ilias Oussif, M’hamed Ramchoun, Mohamed Elhabty, Younes Abbas, Hicham Berrougui","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3926","url":null,"abstract":"The thuriferous juniper (Juniperus thurifera) is an important species in the Mediterranean region due to its ecological and economic values. It plays a significant role in preventing soil erosion and desertification, as well as being used in traditional medicine and as a source of essential oils for various industries. In addition, its extracts are considered as a source of bioactive compounds with various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However in Morocco, it is considered as one of the undervalued and least preserved species. Its stands continue to be vigorously degraded. The present work aims to study the effect of the origin on the yield, the phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins contents and the antioxidant activity of the leaves extracts of this species. In order to accomplish this study, we carried out the extraction by soxhlet from the leaves of J. thurifera, coming from three geographical origins, using two solvents (hexane and ethanol). Then the dosage of different compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins) and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity were carried out. The results show a significant variability between the samples coming from three different biogeographical zones, namely: the Eastern, Central and Western High Atlas in terms of yield and levels of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins. This allowed to demonstrate the effect of geographical origin and the interaction between environmental conditions and genotype on the production of secondary metabolites. In fact, we found that the Midelt population has a good yield in ethanolic extracts (9.41% ± 0.59) and hexane 6.57% ± 0.29. Furthermore, the El Haouz population is the richest in polyphenols in ethanolic extracts (191.30 ± 4.27 mg GAE /g Extract), as well as it has an important reducing potential (IC50 = 0.98 ± 0.05 mg/ml). These results can be exploited as bioindicators in all programs of valorization and conservation of Moroccan Juniperus thurifera","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3887
João Luciano de Andrade Melo Junior, Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade Melo, Mileny dos Santos de Souza, Reinaldo de Alencar Paes, César Auguste Badji, Vanuze Costa de Oliveira, Adriana Guimarães Duarte, Ivanildo Claudino da Silva, Jaqueline Figueredo de Oliveira Costa, Larisse Araújo de Abreu, Keven Willian Sarmento Galdino da Silva
Producing forest species in regions with limiting water conditions is still a challenge to be overcome. Thus, it is necessary and urgent to develop research that measure the influence of water stress on the growth, development and propagation capacity of species. Given the above, the objective of this work was to determine the influence of rainfall pulses on reproductive phenophases, production and vigor of seeds of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. Biweekly flowering and fruiting phenophases were recorded in selected plants in the field, and later these observations were correlated with climatic data from the region. Already the evaluation of the physiological potential was carried out through a germination test in five lots of seeds harvested from the trees of the phenophases study. Generally, it was observed that the sabiá (M. caesalpiniifolia) produced seeds between the first half of April and the second half of June, and in the second half of August and the first half of September 2021. The reproductive phenology of the sabiá depends on the extension and frequency of rainfall pulses. The pulse extension was favorable to the physiological potential of the seeds as the germination ranged from 85 to 96%. Therefore, M. caesalpiniifolia has its phenology and productive potential influenced by precipitation pulses.
{"title":"Phenological aspects and physiological quality of seeds of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.","authors":"João Luciano de Andrade Melo Junior, Luan Danilo Ferreira de Andrade Melo, Mileny dos Santos de Souza, Reinaldo de Alencar Paes, César Auguste Badji, Vanuze Costa de Oliveira, Adriana Guimarães Duarte, Ivanildo Claudino da Silva, Jaqueline Figueredo de Oliveira Costa, Larisse Araújo de Abreu, Keven Willian Sarmento Galdino da Silva","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3887","url":null,"abstract":"Producing forest species in regions with limiting water conditions is still a challenge to be overcome. Thus, it is necessary and urgent to develop research that measure the influence of water stress on the growth, development and propagation capacity of species. Given the above, the objective of this work was to determine the influence of rainfall pulses on reproductive phenophases, production and vigor of seeds of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. Biweekly flowering and fruiting phenophases were recorded in selected plants in the field, and later these observations were correlated with climatic data from the region. Already the evaluation of the physiological potential was carried out through a germination test in five lots of seeds harvested from the trees of the phenophases study. Generally, it was observed that the sabiá (M. caesalpiniifolia) produced seeds between the first half of April and the second half of June, and in the second half of August and the first half of September 2021. The reproductive phenology of the sabiá depends on the extension and frequency of rainfall pulses. The pulse extension was favorable to the physiological potential of the seeds as the germination ranged from 85 to 96%. Therefore, M. caesalpiniifolia has its phenology and productive potential influenced by precipitation pulses.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Thailand, rubber is a very important cash crop of which nearly 95% is produced by smallholders. This study aims to investigate the income diversification strategies adopted by rubber farmers in Southern Thailand. Primary data was collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted in 12 sub-districts under six districts of three provinces (namely, Songkhla, Surat Thani and Trang) in Southern Thailand. A standardized questionnaire was used to receive responses from a total of 398 rubber smallholders selected randomly in the chosen areas (i.e. 12 sub-districts) for this study. The findings revealed that three income strategies, namely, rubber farm income only (R), rubber farm and non-farm income (RN), and combination of rubber farm, other farm, and non-farm income (RAN) were the dominant income strategies adopted by rubber farmers in Thailand. The study identified seven factors namely, age and education of household head, family size, land size holding, access to credit, land right and access to cooperative that had significant influence on income diversification strategies of the households. It was also revealed that rubber farmers with large household size are more likely to pursue all choices of income diversification strategies to increase their income. This might be due to the relation between larger family size and household labor or corresponding higher expenditure in the household. The study findings might be useful for policymakers to design and implement more effective policies to provide more income-generating ventures for rubber farmers in Thailand
{"title":"Income diversification strategies of rubber farmers in Southern Thailand: an empirical study","authors":"Onanong Longpichai, Ferdoushi Ahmed, Chaiya kongmanee","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3800","url":null,"abstract":"In Thailand, rubber is a very important cash crop of which nearly 95% is produced by smallholders. This study aims to investigate the income diversification strategies adopted by rubber farmers in Southern Thailand. Primary data was collected through a cross-sectional survey conducted in 12 sub-districts under six districts of three provinces (namely, Songkhla, Surat Thani and Trang) in Southern Thailand. A standardized questionnaire was used to receive responses from a total of 398 rubber smallholders selected randomly in the chosen areas (i.e. 12 sub-districts) for this study. The findings revealed that three income strategies, namely, rubber farm income only (R), rubber farm and non-farm income (RN), and combination of rubber farm, other farm, and non-farm income (RAN) were the dominant income strategies adopted by rubber farmers in Thailand. The study identified seven factors namely, age and education of household head, family size, land size holding, access to credit, land right and access to cooperative that had significant influence on income diversification strategies of the households. It was also revealed that rubber farmers with large household size are more likely to pursue all choices of income diversification strategies to increase their income. This might be due to the relation between larger family size and household labor or corresponding higher expenditure in the household. The study findings might be useful for policymakers to design and implement more effective policies to provide more income-generating ventures for rubber farmers in Thailand","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to identify and analyze the farm risk management strategies of rubber farmers in Southern Thailand. The study also provides efforts to examine the factors influencing risk management strategies in rubber farming in Thailand. The data were collected from a cross-sectional household survey conducted in Songkhla and Phatthalung Provinces of Thailand. A standardized and structured questionnaire was used to gather data from a total of 400 respondents. A number of statistcal tools such as descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the rubber farmers adopted 8 (eight) main strategies to manage the risks in rubber farming, namely i) diversification in production, ii) market management, iii) labor and contract management, iv) decreasing production costs, v) production planning, vi) increasing non-farm employment, vii) debt management and viii) using high frequency tapping systems. The study also identified a number of factors including age, gender, level of education and farming experience of the farmers, number of household members, non-farm labor, off-farm labor, hired-labor, household income, debt, landholding size, participation in replanting scheme with RAOT, and membership in farmer institution that affect significantly (with the confidence level > 90%) the risk management strategies of the rubber farmers. Finally, the study recommends that the government should support and promote the research and development on risk management strategies in agriculture sector so that the farmers and farmer institutions can achieve more knowledge and efficiency to cope up successfully various risks in rubber farming in Thailand.
{"title":"Identifying farm risk management strategies of rubber farmers: A study in Southern Thailand","authors":"Chaiya Kongmanee, Ferdoushi Ahmed, Onanong Longphichai","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.06.p3870","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify and analyze the farm risk management strategies of rubber farmers in Southern Thailand. The study also provides efforts to examine the factors influencing risk management strategies in rubber farming in Thailand. The data were collected from a cross-sectional household survey conducted in Songkhla and Phatthalung Provinces of Thailand. A standardized and structured questionnaire was used to gather data from a total of 400 respondents. A number of statistcal tools such as descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the rubber farmers adopted 8 (eight) main strategies to manage the risks in rubber farming, namely i) diversification in production, ii) market management, iii) labor and contract management, iv) decreasing production costs, v) production planning, vi) increasing non-farm employment, vii) debt management and viii) using high frequency tapping systems. The study also identified a number of factors including age, gender, level of education and farming experience of the farmers, number of household members, non-farm labor, off-farm labor, hired-labor, household income, debt, landholding size, participation in replanting scheme with RAOT, and membership in farmer institution that affect significantly (with the confidence level > 90%) the risk management strategies of the rubber farmers. Finally, the study recommends that the government should support and promote the research and development on risk management strategies in agriculture sector so that the farmers and farmer institutions can achieve more knowledge and efficiency to cope up successfully various risks in rubber farming in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：