Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3720
Laura Mensch Pereira, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Christiane de Fátima Colet, Denize da Rosa Fraga, Juliana Maria Fachinetto, Odenis Alessi, Natiane Carolina Ferrari Basso, Cibele Luisa Peter, Cristhian Milbradt Babeski, Natália Guiotto Zardin, Lisa Brönstrup Heusner
The entry and progression of oat foliar diseases affect yield potential, requiring a combination of genetic resistance and management technologies. The objective of the study is implementing a management system to reduce the use of fungicide in oats by the anticipation of the application and a longer interval from the last application to the grain harvest, together with the identification of cultivars that are more resilient to disease. The study was developed in 2018 and 2019, in soil of type Typical Dystroferric Red Latosol and Cfa (humid subtropical) climate, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications in a 23 x 5 factorial, for 23 oat cultivars and 5 conditions of fungicide use: control (no application); one application 60 days after emergence (DAE); two applications at 60 and 75 DAE; three applications at 60, 75 and 90 DAE and four applications at 60, 75, 90 and 105 DAE, with measurement of grain productivity. In oat cultivation, the early and sequential application of fungicide at 60, 75 and 90 days after emergence guarantees satisfactory productivity with a long interval from the last application to harvest for greater food security. The cultivars URS Altiva and IPR Artemis show resilience in the presence of foliar diseases in the absence and reduced use of fungicide, facilitating the transition between conventional and agroecological agriculture in oat cultivation
{"title":"Management of fungicides can affect resilience of cultivars to foliar diseases in oats","authors":"Laura Mensch Pereira, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Christiane de Fátima Colet, Denize da Rosa Fraga, Juliana Maria Fachinetto, Odenis Alessi, Natiane Carolina Ferrari Basso, Cibele Luisa Peter, Cristhian Milbradt Babeski, Natália Guiotto Zardin, Lisa Brönstrup Heusner","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3720","url":null,"abstract":"The entry and progression of oat foliar diseases affect yield potential, requiring a combination of genetic resistance and management technologies. The objective of the study is implementing a management system to reduce the use of fungicide in oats by the anticipation of the application and a longer interval from the last application to the grain harvest, together with the identification of cultivars that are more resilient to disease. The study was developed in 2018 and 2019, in soil of type Typical Dystroferric Red Latosol and Cfa (humid subtropical) climate, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications in a 23 x 5 factorial, for 23 oat cultivars and 5 conditions of fungicide use: control (no application); one application 60 days after emergence (DAE); two applications at 60 and 75 DAE; three applications at 60, 75 and 90 DAE and four applications at 60, 75, 90 and 105 DAE, with measurement of grain productivity. In oat cultivation, the early and sequential application of fungicide at 60, 75 and 90 days after emergence guarantees satisfactory productivity with a long interval from the last application to harvest for greater food security. The cultivars URS Altiva and IPR Artemis show resilience in the presence of foliar diseases in the absence and reduced use of fungicide, facilitating the transition between conventional and agroecological agriculture in oat cultivation","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3848
Susana Elizabeth Ramírez- Sánchez, Jorge Gabriel Sánchez- Ken, Jose Luis Arispe- Vazquez, Filogonio de Jesús Hernández- Guzmán, Leslie Carnero- Avilés, Luis Miguel Tamayo- Esquer
The genus Hyparrhenia Andersson ex E.Fourn. is native to Africa, but presents in several countries and many parts of the world. Mexico is one of the countries, where Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf (Poaceae) is found. However, it is classified as a highly invasive exotic species; therefore, is on the list of invasive species in Mexico. In recent years, the presence of Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapfand and Hyparrhenia variabilis Stapf (Poacear) has been reported, while H. variabilis has been observed in the state at Morelos, Michoacán, and Jalisco. H. variabilis has been particularly identified in the municipality of Tepatitlan, Jalisco, Mexico. It has been observed that it grows densely and displaces native vegetation. Some studies mention that there are biotypes that have the ability to inhibit nitrogen-fixing bacteria, so it is necessary to study its biology and its inhibition capabilities around nitrogen fixation and seek strategies to stop its spread. The objective of this research was to review the information that exists on the species H. variabilis and its control. Apparently, there is a lack of information on this specie. However, there are some studies on other species of the genus such as H. rufa, which classified as highly invasive and some management reports can be used for H. variabilis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop management for the species based on literature available on H. rufa
{"title":"Hyparrhenia variabilis a potential invasive exotic weed at Mexico","authors":"Susana Elizabeth Ramírez- Sánchez, Jorge Gabriel Sánchez- Ken, Jose Luis Arispe- Vazquez, Filogonio de Jesús Hernández- Guzmán, Leslie Carnero- Avilés, Luis Miguel Tamayo- Esquer","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3848","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Hyparrhenia Andersson ex E.Fourn. is native to Africa, but presents in several countries and many parts of the world. Mexico is one of the countries, where Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf (Poaceae) is found. However, it is classified as a highly invasive exotic species; therefore, is on the list of invasive species in Mexico. In recent years, the presence of Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapfand and Hyparrhenia variabilis Stapf (Poacear) has been reported, while H. variabilis has been observed in the state at Morelos, Michoacán, and Jalisco. H. variabilis has been particularly identified in the municipality of Tepatitlan, Jalisco, Mexico. It has been observed that it grows densely and displaces native vegetation. Some studies mention that there are biotypes that have the ability to inhibit nitrogen-fixing bacteria, so it is necessary to study its biology and its inhibition capabilities around nitrogen fixation and seek strategies to stop its spread. The objective of this research was to review the information that exists on the species H. variabilis and its control. Apparently, there is a lack of information on this specie. However, there are some studies on other species of the genus such as H. rufa, which classified as highly invasive and some management reports can be used for H. variabilis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop management for the species based on literature available on H. rufa","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3726
Robson Luis Silva de Medeiros, João Vitor Oliveira de Souza, João Pedro Peixoto Fernandes, Reginaldo de Oliveira, Priscila Lupino Gratão, Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Corymbia citriodora has the potential to be used in the expansion of the forestry sector in Brazil, as it presents greater tolerance to abiotic stresses than other commonly cultivated species. The plants are exposed to several stress events throughout their cycle that can compromise their growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical, and growth characteristics in C. citriodora plants grown under different irrigation regimes at different ages. Plants of C. citriodora grown in pots were submitted to five irrigation regimes (20, 35, 50, 65, and 80% of the maximum soil water retention capacity) for 105 days in a greenhouse. Plant growth, gas exchange, leaf water potential, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and proline contents, and lipid peroxidation by MDA content were evaluated at the end of this period. More restrictive irrigation regimes reduced seedling growth. Water availability affected physiological, biochemical, and morphological parameters. Water stress associated with plant growth increased stress levels
{"title":"How does water stress affect Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson throughout the initial growth phase?","authors":"Robson Luis Silva de Medeiros, João Vitor Oliveira de Souza, João Pedro Peixoto Fernandes, Reginaldo de Oliveira, Priscila Lupino Gratão, Rinaldo Cesar de Paula","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3726","url":null,"abstract":"Corymbia citriodora has the potential to be used in the expansion of the forestry sector in Brazil, as it presents greater tolerance to abiotic stresses than other commonly cultivated species. The plants are exposed to several stress events throughout their cycle that can compromise their growth and development. This study aimed to evaluate physiological, biochemical, and growth characteristics in C. citriodora plants grown under different irrigation regimes at different ages. Plants of C. citriodora grown in pots were submitted to five irrigation regimes (20, 35, 50, 65, and 80% of the maximum soil water retention capacity) for 105 days in a greenhouse. Plant growth, gas exchange, leaf water potential, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and proline contents, and lipid peroxidation by MDA content were evaluated at the end of this period. More restrictive irrigation regimes reduced seedling growth. Water availability affected physiological, biochemical, and morphological parameters. Water stress associated with plant growth increased stress levels","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3811
Cássio Carlette Thiengo, Danilo Messias de Oliveira, João Victor Silva Bernardes, Letícia Oliveira da Rocha, Eduardo de Sá Mendonça, Fábio Lopes Olivares, Diego Lang Burak
Nutrient replenishment is one of the significant factors limiting the full development of extensive pasturelands. As a result, bio-inputs have been increasingly used under field conditions to improve plant growth in low-fertility soils. This study aimed to evaluate their effects on the productivity, physiological responses to and nitrogen (N) accumulation in marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu). The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. In low-fertility soils, lower synthetic fertilizer inputs were simulated (40% N-P-K) (Control), and three bio-inputs were additionally applied (bio-inputs + 40% N-P-K): Azo (Azospirillum brasilense seed inoculation); HS+Herb (leaf application of humic substances combined with a cocktail consisting of Herbaspirillum species), and Coinoc (a combination of Azo and HS+Herb). We evaluated the plant biometrics (shoot and root dry matter, stem diameter and height) and physiological parameters (CO2 assimilation rate, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II), as well as the N accumulation 45 days after seedling emergence. Azo-treatment did not differ from the control in most of the variables studied. HS+Herb and Coinoc significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the dry matter of shoots (+237% and +255%, respectively) and roots (+106% and 83%, respectively) compared to the control. These treatments (HS+Herb and Coinoc) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased (almost double) the size and stem diameter, improved physiological parameters, and accumulated more N (up to 89%) compared to the control. Applying humic substance-based bio-inputs combined with the Herbaspirillum species cocktail was more efficient in stimulating the growth of marandu grass grown in soil of reduced fertility.
{"title":"Bio-inputs promoting marandu grass growth: productivity, physiological response and nitrogen accumulation","authors":"Cássio Carlette Thiengo, Danilo Messias de Oliveira, João Victor Silva Bernardes, Letícia Oliveira da Rocha, Eduardo de Sá Mendonça, Fábio Lopes Olivares, Diego Lang Burak","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3811","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrient replenishment is one of the significant factors limiting the full development of extensive pasturelands. As a result, bio-inputs have been increasingly used under field conditions to improve plant growth in low-fertility soils. This study aimed to evaluate their effects on the productivity, physiological responses to and nitrogen (N) accumulation in marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. marandu). The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. In low-fertility soils, lower synthetic fertilizer inputs were simulated (40% N-P-K) (Control), and three bio-inputs were additionally applied (bio-inputs + 40% N-P-K): Azo (Azospirillum brasilense seed inoculation); HS+Herb (leaf application of humic substances combined with a cocktail consisting of Herbaspirillum species), and Coinoc (a combination of Azo and HS+Herb). We evaluated the plant biometrics (shoot and root dry matter, stem diameter and height) and physiological parameters (CO2 assimilation rate, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II), as well as the N accumulation 45 days after seedling emergence. Azo-treatment did not differ from the control in most of the variables studied. HS+Herb and Coinoc significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the dry matter of shoots (+237% and +255%, respectively) and roots (+106% and 83%, respectively) compared to the control. These treatments (HS+Herb and Coinoc) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased (almost double) the size and stem diameter, improved physiological parameters, and accumulated more N (up to 89%) compared to the control. Applying humic substance-based bio-inputs combined with the Herbaspirillum species cocktail was more efficient in stimulating the growth of marandu grass grown in soil of reduced fertility.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3830
Isabelle Luiz Rahal, Herika Line Marko de Oliveira, Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci, Angelica Barbosa Dias, Gabriela Catuzo Canonico Silva, Rodrigo Sadao Inumaro, Maria Graciela Iecher Faria Nunes, Suelen Pereira Ruiz Herrig, José Eduardo Gonçalves, Zilda Cristiani
Pachira aquatica, an arboreal species belonging to the family Malvaceae, is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Its leaves are used in folk medicine for treating skin rashes and urticaria; its fruit peels find application in the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes, and anemia; and its lipid-rich seeds are used as human and animal food. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and assess the antioxidant potential of crude extracts from P. aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds. The plant material was collected and then dried at room temperature. The crude extracts were prepared by dynamic maceration with solvent depletion. Chemical analysis was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation, and total phenolic content assays. Eleven flavonoids, four phenolic acids, two organic acids and four coumarins were identified in extracts. Crude extracts from leaves, flowers and seeds had total phenolic contents of 28.74; 75.68; and 14.88 g GAE/mg; half‐maximal effective concentrations for DPPH• scavenging activity of 8.02; 0.69; and 4.01 mg/mL; FRAP activities of 0.038; 0.274; and 0.042 µM ferrous sulfate/mg; and the ability to reduce β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation by 42.13%; 64.85%; and 30.37%; respectively. The utilization of antioxidant compounds found in P. aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds in industrial applications is a promising strategy to add value to this plant
凤仙花是凤仙花科的一种树栖植物，作为观赏植物被广泛栽培。它的叶子在民间医药中用于治疗皮疹和荨麻疹;其果皮可用于治疗腹泻、糖尿病和贫血;其富含油脂的种子被用作人类和动物的食物。本研究旨在测定水杨叶、花和种子粗提物的化学成分，并评价其抗氧化能力。收集植物材料，然后在室温下干燥。采用溶剂耗尽动态浸渍法制备粗提物。化学分析采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱联用技术。通过2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH•)、铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)、β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸共氧化和总酚含量测定来评估其抗氧化活性。从提取物中鉴定出11种黄酮类化合物、4种酚酸、2种有机酸和4种香豆素。叶、花和种子粗提物总酚含量为28.74;75.68;14.88 g GAE/mg;清除DPPH•活性的半最大有效浓度为8.02;0.69;4.01 mg/mL;FRAP活性为0.038;0.274;0.042µM硫酸亚铁/mg;降低β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸共氧化能力达42.13%;64.85%;和30.37%;分别。利用水杨叶片、花和种子中发现的抗氧化化合物进行工业应用是一种很有前途的增值策略
{"title":"Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of crude extracts from Pachira aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds","authors":"Isabelle Luiz Rahal, Herika Line Marko de Oliveira, Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci, Angelica Barbosa Dias, Gabriela Catuzo Canonico Silva, Rodrigo Sadao Inumaro, Maria Graciela Iecher Faria Nunes, Suelen Pereira Ruiz Herrig, José Eduardo Gonçalves, Zilda Cristiani","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.05.p3830","url":null,"abstract":"Pachira aquatica, an arboreal species belonging to the family Malvaceae, is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Its leaves are used in folk medicine for treating skin rashes and urticaria; its fruit peels find application in the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes, and anemia; and its lipid-rich seeds are used as human and animal food. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and assess the antioxidant potential of crude extracts from P. aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds. The plant material was collected and then dried at room temperature. The crude extracts were prepared by dynamic maceration with solvent depletion. Chemical analysis was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation, and total phenolic content assays. Eleven flavonoids, four phenolic acids, two organic acids and four coumarins were identified in extracts. Crude extracts from leaves, flowers and seeds had total phenolic contents of 28.74; 75.68; and 14.88 g GAE/mg; half‐maximal effective concentrations for DPPH• scavenging activity of 8.02; 0.69; and 4.01 mg/mL; FRAP activities of 0.038; 0.274; and 0.042 µM ferrous sulfate/mg; and the ability to reduce β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation by 42.13%; 64.85%; and 30.37%; respectively. The utilization of antioxidant compounds found in P. aquatica leaves, flowers and seeds in industrial applications is a promising strategy to add value to this plant","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135516400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3824
Fabiano Barbosa Alecrim, Bruno José Rodrigues Alves, Claudia de Paula Rezende, Robert Michael Boddey, Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega, Fernando Vieira Cesário, Fernanda Figueiredo Granja Dorilêo Leite, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira, Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues
This study evaluated beef cattle performance, nitrogen (N) dynamics, and potential greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in tropical pastures receiving N fertilization or mixed with legumes. During the cool season, 54 Nellore heifers were randomly allotted to continuous grazing in three plots of each pasture type: T1 (Marandu grass with 150 kg N/ha), T2 (Marandu grass with 120 kg N/ha), T3 (Marandu grass with Arachis pintoi), T4 (Marandu grass with Desmodium heterocarpo), T5 (Marandu grass without N fertilization), and T6 (degraded pasture). The stocking rate was periodically adjusted to achieve the target canopy height of 20–25 cm. Animal performance and N livestock excretion were estimated by variation in live weight and spot samples of urine and feces, respectively. GHG emissions were calculated using the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Animal performance was higher in fertilized and mixed pastures (e.g., T1 to T4) than in T5 and T6 pastures. Heifers grazing on T1, T2, T3, and T4 excreted lower amounts of urine with higher N concentrations than heifers grazing on T5 and T6. Heifers grazing in T2 and T4 pastures had a lower concentration of fecal N than those grazing on other pastures, reflecting lower N excretion in this form. The potential for direct nitrous oxide emissions per unit area in pastures mixed with legumes was approximately four times lower than that in pastures with mineral N fertilization. The recovery of degraded pastures and the inclusion of forage legumes contributed to maintaining the sustainability of animal production in pastures
本研究评估了施用氮肥或混合施用豆科植物的热带牧场肉牛生产性能、氮动态和潜在温室气体排放。在凉爽季节，将54头Nellore母牛随机分为3个样地连续放牧，每个样地分别为T1 (N = 150 kg /ha的马兰度草)、T2 (N = 120 kg /ha的马兰度草)、T3(马兰度草加花生)、T4(马兰度草加杂交稻)、T5(不施肥的马兰度草)和T6(退化草场)。定期调整载畜率，以达到20 ~ 25 cm的目标冠层高度。动物生产性能和氮排泄量分别通过活重变化和尿液和粪便现场样品估算。温室气体排放量的计算采用了政府间气候变化专门委员会的方法。施肥和混合放牧(如T1 ~ T4)的动物生产性能高于T5和T6牧场。放牧于T1、T2、T3和T4的犊牛排泄量低于放牧于T5和T6的犊牛，且N浓度较高。T2和T4放牧犊牛粪氮浓度低于其他放牧犊牛，反映了犊牛粪氮以该形式排泄较低。在单位面积上，豆科牧草的直接氧化亚氮排放潜力比施用矿质氮肥的牧场低约4倍。退化牧场的恢复和牧草豆科植物的种植有助于维持牧场动物生产的可持续性
{"title":"The influence of tropical pasture improvement on animal performance, nitrogen cycling, and greenhouse gas emissions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","authors":"Fabiano Barbosa Alecrim, Bruno José Rodrigues Alves, Claudia de Paula Rezende, Robert Michael Boddey, Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega, Fernando Vieira Cesário, Fernanda Figueiredo Granja Dorilêo Leite, Carlos Rodrigues Pereira, Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3824","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated beef cattle performance, nitrogen (N) dynamics, and potential greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in tropical pastures receiving N fertilization or mixed with legumes. During the cool season, 54 Nellore heifers were randomly allotted to continuous grazing in three plots of each pasture type: T1 (Marandu grass with 150 kg N/ha), T2 (Marandu grass with 120 kg N/ha), T3 (Marandu grass with Arachis pintoi), T4 (Marandu grass with Desmodium heterocarpo), T5 (Marandu grass without N fertilization), and T6 (degraded pasture). The stocking rate was periodically adjusted to achieve the target canopy height of 20–25 cm. Animal performance and N livestock excretion were estimated by variation in live weight and spot samples of urine and feces, respectively. GHG emissions were calculated using the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Animal performance was higher in fertilized and mixed pastures (e.g., T1 to T4) than in T5 and T6 pastures. Heifers grazing on T1, T2, T3, and T4 excreted lower amounts of urine with higher N concentrations than heifers grazing on T5 and T6. Heifers grazing in T2 and T4 pastures had a lower concentration of fecal N than those grazing on other pastures, reflecting lower N excretion in this form. The potential for direct nitrous oxide emissions per unit area in pastures mixed with legumes was approximately four times lower than that in pastures with mineral N fertilization. The recovery of degraded pastures and the inclusion of forage legumes contributed to maintaining the sustainability of animal production in pastures","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3704
Edna Maria Bonfim- Silva, Daniele Job Alves, Horácio Manfrin Mazero, Niclene Ponce Rodrigues de Oliveira, Jakeline Rosa de Oliveira, Tonny José Araújo da Silva
It is estimated that the livestock sector accounts for about 40% of the value of global agricultural production. Livestock plays an essential role in maintaining food security as the sector contributes around 13% of calories and 28% of protein demands required by humans worldwide. Fertilization of tropical pastures with wood ash emerges as a sustainable practice that can contribute to better nutrient cycling, increased production, and reduced dependence on mineral resources. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production characteristics of two Panicum maximum grass cultivars fertilized with ash from wood grown in tropical soils of the Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement 5x2 with five doses of wood ash (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 g kg-1) and two cultivars of Panicum maximum (cv. BRS Zuri and cv. Mombasa), with six replications. The experiment was carried out in 5 dm3 pots for 120 days. The wood ash used in the experiment comes from the combustion of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) logs in a boiler. The application of wood ash in acidic tropical soils increased leaf area, tillering, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, and root volume in Mombasa and BRS Zuri cultivars of Panicum maximum grass, with maximum production at a dose of 32 g kg-1. The application of wood ash in acidic tropical soils offers potential as a sustainable strategy to increase production in forage production area for animal consumption in grazing, given the growing demand for beef. In addition, it properly and safely disposes of waste and recycles nutrients extracted by the crops.
据估计，畜牧业约占全球农业产值的40%。牲畜在维持粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用，因为该部门提供了全世界人类所需热量的13%和蛋白质需求的28%。利用木灰对热带牧场进行施肥是一种可持续的做法，有助于改善养分循环，提高产量，减少对矿产资源的依赖。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是评估两种最大的Panicum草品种的生产特性，这些品种用巴西塞拉多热带土壤中生长的木材灰施肥。试验设计采用5 × 2因子随机区组，分别添加5个剂量的木灰(0、8、16、24和32 g kg-1)和2个品种的大茴香(cv。BRS Zuri和cv。蒙巴萨)，重复了6次。试验在5 dm3的盆栽中进行，为期120 d。实验中使用的木灰来自桉树(eucalyptus sp.)原木在锅炉中的燃烧。在热带酸性土壤中施用木灰可增加蒙巴萨和BRS Zuri品种的叶面积、分蘖、叶干质量、茎干质量和根体积，在32 g kg-1剂量下产量最大。鉴于对牛肉的需求不断增长，在酸性热带土壤中应用木灰作为一种可持续战略，有可能增加饲料生产区的产量，以供放牧动物消费。此外，它妥善和安全地处理废物和回收作物提取的营养物质。
{"title":"Characteristics of two Panicum maximum grass cultivars fertilized with ash from wood grown in tropical soils","authors":"Edna Maria Bonfim- Silva, Daniele Job Alves, Horácio Manfrin Mazero, Niclene Ponce Rodrigues de Oliveira, Jakeline Rosa de Oliveira, Tonny José Araújo da Silva","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3704","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the livestock sector accounts for about 40% of the value of global agricultural production. Livestock plays an essential role in maintaining food security as the sector contributes around 13% of calories and 28% of protein demands required by humans worldwide. Fertilization of tropical pastures with wood ash emerges as a sustainable practice that can contribute to better nutrient cycling, increased production, and reduced dependence on mineral resources. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the production characteristics of two Panicum maximum grass cultivars fertilized with ash from wood grown in tropical soils of the Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement 5x2 with five doses of wood ash (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 g kg-1) and two cultivars of Panicum maximum (cv. BRS Zuri and cv. Mombasa), with six replications. The experiment was carried out in 5 dm3 pots for 120 days. The wood ash used in the experiment comes from the combustion of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) logs in a boiler. The application of wood ash in acidic tropical soils increased leaf area, tillering, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, and root volume in Mombasa and BRS Zuri cultivars of Panicum maximum grass, with maximum production at a dose of 32 g kg-1. The application of wood ash in acidic tropical soils offers potential as a sustainable strategy to increase production in forage production area for animal consumption in grazing, given the growing demand for beef. In addition, it properly and safely disposes of waste and recycles nutrients extracted by the crops.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to assess the genetic diversity and structure of Arbutus unedo species, 66 individuals’ trees from 11 natural populations representing its main geographical area in Morocco and belonging to different bioclimates and altitude were analyzed using 14 ISSR primers. A total of 142 bands were obtained, of which 134 were polymorphic with a polymorphism percentage of 94.06% and a polymorphism information content (PIC) of =0.47. The use of 134 markers revealed a high level of genetic variation within and between populations. The multi-locus values of Hs and Ht were 0.24 and 0.34, respectively. The overall AMOVA analysis showed that 79.30% of the total genetic variability was within populations and only 20.70% was between populations. A large genetic differentiation between populations was detected (FST=0.206) which could be attributed to restricted gene flow (Nm=0.97). The results of the hierarchical AMOVA, revealed very little genetic differentiation between altitudinal, bioclimatic and geographic groups (FCT=3.20%, FCT= 2.30% and FCT=2.10% respectively). Furthermore, geographic distances were revealed not correlated with genetic distances between populations (r=0.05, Mantel t-test=0.38, P=0.64) suggesting that isolation by distance has not played an important role in shaping the genetic structure of this species. The NJ dendrogram and Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified four groups of A. unedo independently of their bioclimate, geographic origin and altitude. The data obtained in this study could play a crucial role in establish efficient strategies for genetic resources conservation and to work out the scheme of breeding programs of A. unedo
{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure of natural populations of Arbutus unedo across altitude, bioclimate and geographical origin as revealed by ISSR markers","authors":"Rahima Faida, Wahid Nadya, Jamal Aabdousse, Youssef Khachtib, Abdelali Boulli, Abdelmajid Haddioui, Said Bouda","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3687","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assess the genetic diversity and structure of Arbutus unedo species, 66 individuals’ trees from 11 natural populations representing its main geographical area in Morocco and belonging to different bioclimates and altitude were analyzed using 14 ISSR primers. A total of 142 bands were obtained, of which 134 were polymorphic with a polymorphism percentage of 94.06% and a polymorphism information content (PIC) of =0.47. The use of 134 markers revealed a high level of genetic variation within and between populations. The multi-locus values of Hs and Ht were 0.24 and 0.34, respectively. The overall AMOVA analysis showed that 79.30% of the total genetic variability was within populations and only 20.70% was between populations. A large genetic differentiation between populations was detected (FST=0.206) which could be attributed to restricted gene flow (Nm=0.97). The results of the hierarchical AMOVA, revealed very little genetic differentiation between altitudinal, bioclimatic and geographic groups (FCT=3.20%, FCT= 2.30% and FCT=2.10% respectively). Furthermore, geographic distances were revealed not correlated with genetic distances between populations (r=0.05, Mantel t-test=0.38, P=0.64) suggesting that isolation by distance has not played an important role in shaping the genetic structure of this species. The NJ dendrogram and Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified four groups of A. unedo independently of their bioclimate, geographic origin and altitude. The data obtained in this study could play a crucial role in establish efficient strategies for genetic resources conservation and to work out the scheme of breeding programs of A. unedo","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3741
Caio Scardini Neves, Eduardo Santana Aires, Gabriel Cássia Fortuna, Olivia Pak Campos, Jordany Aparecida de Oliveira Gomes, Elizabeth Orika Ono, João Domingos Rodrigues, Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim
Hops are native to the Northern Hemisphere and are widespread throughout the world; in Brazil, crops are grown on a small scale. How management differentiation can affect the physiological development of crops in subtropical climates is not well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and morphometric performance of five hop varieties under organic and conventional management. These experiments were conducted at Lageado Farm, at the campus of São Paulo State University in Botucatu. A 2 x 5 factorial design was adopted, with the main factor being the cultivation system (organic and conventional) and the secondary factor being the hop varieties (Cascade, Columbus, Chinook, Hallertau Mittelfrüeh and Nugget). The cultivation systems differed by fertilization and phytosanitary management. Analyses of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed during the vegetative development of the plants and during branch elongation. Morphometric analyses of the plants were performed to determine the number of internodes (22.40; 18.20) and the heights of the plants (201.09; 131.07), with organic and conventional treatment, respectively. All the varieties showed satisfactory physiological and morphometric performance; however, plants grown under organic management had better results than those grown under the conventional cropping system. Lastly, we measured the potential efficiency of PSII; Hallertau M. (0.89), Nugget (0.89) and Columbus (0.88) presented the highest measurements, and the lowest values were observed in Cascade (0.86) and Chinook (0.85). In general, Hallertau M. and Columbus had the highest gas exchange values, while Cascade had the lowest.
{"title":"Gas exchanges and morphometric measurements of a variety of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) (Cannabaceae) grown in subtropical conditions under organic and conventional management","authors":"Caio Scardini Neves, Eduardo Santana Aires, Gabriel Cássia Fortuna, Olivia Pak Campos, Jordany Aparecida de Oliveira Gomes, Elizabeth Orika Ono, João Domingos Rodrigues, Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3741","url":null,"abstract":"Hops are native to the Northern Hemisphere and are widespread throughout the world; in Brazil, crops are grown on a small scale. How management differentiation can affect the physiological development of crops in subtropical climates is not well studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and morphometric performance of five hop varieties under organic and conventional management. These experiments were conducted at Lageado Farm, at the campus of São Paulo State University in Botucatu. A 2 x 5 factorial design was adopted, with the main factor being the cultivation system (organic and conventional) and the secondary factor being the hop varieties (Cascade, Columbus, Chinook, Hallertau Mittelfrüeh and Nugget). The cultivation systems differed by fertilization and phytosanitary management. Analyses of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed during the vegetative development of the plants and during branch elongation. Morphometric analyses of the plants were performed to determine the number of internodes (22.40; 18.20) and the heights of the plants (201.09; 131.07), with organic and conventional treatment, respectively. All the varieties showed satisfactory physiological and morphometric performance; however, plants grown under organic management had better results than those grown under the conventional cropping system. Lastly, we measured the potential efficiency of PSII; Hallertau M. (0.89), Nugget (0.89) and Columbus (0.88) presented the highest measurements, and the lowest values were observed in Cascade (0.86) and Chinook (0.85). In general, Hallertau M. and Columbus had the highest gas exchange values, while Cascade had the lowest.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3677
Paula Aparecida Muniz de Lima, Gardênia Rosa de Lisboa Jacomino, Sônia Maria da Silva, Thammyres de Assis Alves, Maria Luiza Zeferino Pereira, Taísa de Fátima Rodrigues de Almeida, Milene Miranda Praça Fontes, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre, José Carlos Lopes
Pesticide misuse has led to problems in agriculture, contamination of environment, and human health. However, research into alternative methods of controlling invasive plants is expanding. The allelopathic effect of secondary metabolites from plant parts suggests a potential and sustainable alternative to plant residues for use as bioherbicides. Given the above, the current study aimed to investigate the allelopathic potential of various concentrations of the aqueous extract of fruit peels of genotypes of Passiflora mucronata in seed germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa L. Fruit peels of genotypes of P. mucronata were used to obtain an aqueous extract, which was then filtered and diluted at the following concentrations: T1=100; T2=50; T3=25; T4=12.5 mg mL-1; T5= negative control (distilled water) and T6= positive control (glyphosate). Germination was carried out in Petri plates and was conditioned in a biochemical oxygen demand germination chamber at 25 ± 2 °C. Macroscopic evaluation was performed at the germination stage and root and aboveground growth of the seedlings, and the germination velocity index were also evaluated. Cytogenetic analysis was performed, and mitotic index was obtained. The design was entirely randomized, with five repetitions of 25 seeds each. Allelopathic substances found in the bark of P. mucronata fruits interfere with seed germination and vigor, as well as initial seedling growth. The germination of L. sativa seeds was 100% inhibited by extract concentrations of 50 % and 100 %. The cell cycle of L. sativa seeds is inhibited by allelopathic substances present in the bark of P. mucronata fruits. It is concluded that aqueous extracts of Passiflora mucronata have an allelopathic inhibitory effect on germination and initial growth of L. sativa
{"title":"Allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of passion fruit Passiflora mucronata fruit peels on lettuce","authors":"Paula Aparecida Muniz de Lima, Gardênia Rosa de Lisboa Jacomino, Sônia Maria da Silva, Thammyres de Assis Alves, Maria Luiza Zeferino Pereira, Taísa de Fátima Rodrigues de Almeida, Milene Miranda Praça Fontes, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre, José Carlos Lopes","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.04.p3677","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide misuse has led to problems in agriculture, contamination of environment, and human health. However, research into alternative methods of controlling invasive plants is expanding. The allelopathic effect of secondary metabolites from plant parts suggests a potential and sustainable alternative to plant residues for use as bioherbicides. Given the above, the current study aimed to investigate the allelopathic potential of various concentrations of the aqueous extract of fruit peels of genotypes of Passiflora mucronata in seed germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa L. Fruit peels of genotypes of P. mucronata were used to obtain an aqueous extract, which was then filtered and diluted at the following concentrations: T1=100; T2=50; T3=25; T4=12.5 mg mL-1; T5= negative control (distilled water) and T6= positive control (glyphosate). Germination was carried out in Petri plates and was conditioned in a biochemical oxygen demand germination chamber at 25 ± 2 °C. Macroscopic evaluation was performed at the germination stage and root and aboveground growth of the seedlings, and the germination velocity index were also evaluated. Cytogenetic analysis was performed, and mitotic index was obtained. The design was entirely randomized, with five repetitions of 25 seeds each. Allelopathic substances found in the bark of P. mucronata fruits interfere with seed germination and vigor, as well as initial seedling growth. The germination of L. sativa seeds was 100% inhibited by extract concentrations of 50 % and 100 %. The cell cycle of L. sativa seeds is inhibited by allelopathic substances present in the bark of P. mucronata fruits. It is concluded that aqueous extracts of Passiflora mucronata have an allelopathic inhibitory effect on germination and initial growth of L. sativa","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135771360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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