Atmospheric Pollution Research最新文献

{"title":"Sources of atmospheric fine and ultrafine particulate matter and novel PAH diagnostic ratios from northern Thailand forest fires","authors":"Nobchonnee Nim ,&nbsp;Perapong Tekasakul ,&nbsp;Racha Dejchanchaiwong ,&nbsp;Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul ,&nbsp;Manya Nakpon ,&nbsp;John Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fires from deciduous dipterocarp forests (DDF) and mixed deciduous forests (MDF) in northern Thailand during haze episodes remarkably affect the ambient fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM), along with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. Average mass concentrations of atmospheric fine and ultrafine particles during haze periods were 2.0–4.8 and 1.7–3.7 times higher than those during normal and transition periods, respectively. <em>Dominant</em> PAHs emitted from forest fires were pyrene (Pyr; 4-rings), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF; 5-rings), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiPe; 6-rings). High molecular weight PAHs constituted a large proportion of total PAHs across all particle sizes. Size distribution of 4-ring PAHs from major vegetation fires in DDF and MDF peaked in the accumulation mode (1.75 μm), whereas 5- and 6-ring PAHs peaked at 0.75 μm. Emission factors were 0.01–0.35 g/kg for PM_0.1, 0.16–1.4 g/kg for PM₁, and 0.24–1.55 g/kg for PM_2.5; for PM-bound PAHs, they were 18–276 μg/kg, 165–874 μg/kg, and 199–989 μg/kg, respectively. A new binary PAH diagnostic ratio—BbF/(BbF + indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IDP)) = 0.45–0.76 <em>vs</em> IDP/(IDP + BghiPe) = 0.23–0.45—was an effective indicator for PM_0.1, PM₁, and PM_2.5 in fires from DDF and MDF forests. This was verified using a chemical mass balance model and backward trajectory analysis. Results obtained improve understanding of fine and ultrafine particle emission sources from forest fires in upper Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating magnetic properties of atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) at Brasília bus station, central Brazil","authors":"Poliana Dutra Maia ,&nbsp;Elder Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Luiza de Souza Romano ,&nbsp;Guilherme Gomide ,&nbsp;Jerome Depeyrot ,&nbsp;Sebastião William da Silva ,&nbsp;Myller de Sousa Tonhá","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes the Saturation Magnetization (M_S) in PM₁₀ particles collected at a central bus station in Brasília from 2018 to 2019, exploring its relationship with chemical elements (total metals - Fe, V, Cu, Mn, Sr, Cd - and ions - Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻) and meteorological variables (relative humidity and global radiation). M_S was measured using a S700X SQUID magnetometer and modeled with the Langevin equation, yielding values between 0.114 and 1.407 Am²/kg (n = 13), with a standard deviation of 0.01–0.1. Statistical analysis revealed similar median values between M_S and the studied variables, indicating shared sources of PM₁₀. The higher total concentrations of metals (Fe &gt; Sr &gt; Mn) and ions (Ca²⁺ = 30 %, Na⁺ = 23 % of total ions) suggest a natural origin of PM₁₀, likely from soil minerals. In contrast, metals (Cu, V, Cd, Ni, Co and Zn) and ions (SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻) of anthropogenic origin were associated with vehicle emissions and road dust. FTIR spectroscopy identified magnetite as the dominant magnetic carrier in PM₁₀, with absorption peaks at 570 and 390 cm⁻¹, and particle sizes ranging from 8.5 to 11 nm, although a broader size range (8–33 nm) was also observed. This supports the formation of heterogeneous particles through mineral-metal or carbonaceous adsorption, as confirmed by morphological data. The temporal distribution of M_S in PM₁₀ samples showed peak values during the rainy season, despite no direct correlation with the studied variables, suggesting that iron solubility in minerals may influence the saturation magnetization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of PM2.5 trends and source factors in urban and rural locations in Bangladesh","authors":"Shahid Uz Zaman ,&nbsp;Shatabdi Roy ,&nbsp;Benjamin de Foy ,&nbsp;Rakibul Omar ,&nbsp;Md Abdullah Al-Amin ,&nbsp;Prakash Bhave ,&nbsp;Michael Howard Bergin ,&nbsp;James Jay Schauer ,&nbsp;Abdus Salam","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution remains a critical environmental and public health concern, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Although urban air pollution has received significant attention, rural areas also experience high PM_2.5 concentrations. In this study, a low-cost sensor (LCS) network was deployed across five locations: Dhaka, Rajshahi, Panchagarh, Netrokona, and Bhola from April 2022 to September 2023 to assess local and regional sources of PM_2.5. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to analyze the influence of meteorology and source contributions on observed PM_2.5 concentrations. The highest PM_2.5 levels were recorded in Netrokona (212.81 ± 64.5 μgm⁻³), followed by Panchagarh (128.6 ± 71.7 μgm⁻³), Rajshahi (110.4 ± 48.5 μgm⁻³), Dhaka (105.1 ± 55.7 μgm⁻³) and Bhola (82.2 ± 36.2 μgm⁻³). A consistent diurnal pattern was observed across all sites, characterized by two peaks in the morning and evening. GAM analysis revealed that the boundary layer height had the lowest influence in Bhola and Panchagarh, while Dhaka exhibited the highest contribution. The contribution of long-range transport was found uniform at all the sites. The Trajectory Cluster Concentration Impact (TCCI) showed that the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is responsible for the enhancement of 50 μgm⁻³ at all the sites. However, wind transported from the Bay of Bengal associates PM_2.5 reduction of 20–40 μgm⁻³. Impacts of local winds on the PM_2.5 concentrations in the GAM simulations suggested that winds from the northwest are associated with higher PM_2.5. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive air quality management strategies that extend beyond major urban centers to include rural and semi-urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the control effectiveness in mitigation acid deposition in a valley city in China","authors":"Yaoqian Zhong ,&nbsp;Yaqian You ,&nbsp;Ya Yan ,&nbsp;Longjie He ,&nbsp;Wei Tong ,&nbsp;Jia Xing ,&nbsp;Jianwu Shi ,&nbsp;Ping Ning ,&nbsp;Jiming Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In valley cities, gaseous precursors emitted from near-source can rapidly deposit and give rise to localized acid rain. The presence of local slope changes and convective meteorology facilitates the convergence of pollutants, thereby reducing the likelihood of atmospheric SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> being transported to other regions through atmospheric movement, while increasing their susceptibility to exacerbating the acid deposition process. In our study, a decade-long dataset of precipitation samples was collected and analyzed. Subsequently, emission scenarios were simulated using high-resolution nested domains in the meteorological field-driven source-directed CMAQ model generated by the WRF model. Our findings demonstrate that effective management of regional SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions plays a pivotal role in regulating precipitation pH. Two control scenarios (reduction and relocation) conducted an evaluation and comparison of these approaches. The source reduction scenario effectively ensures that annual average SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> levels remain below the threshold of 24 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> by maintaining total industrial emissions below 2,561.62 tonnes. However, it is important to note that there are significant seasonal variations in industrial emission limits due to climate and precipitation. In the migration scenario (ignoring terrain), the environmental SO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> in the study area was significantly reduced by an average of 16 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Compared with source abatement, the relocation of energy-intensive industries to regions characterized by lower relative humidity mitigates pollution impacts on mountainous cities and ensures long-term economic benefits. Under complex terrain and small range of special meteorological conditions, the influencing factors of air pollution process and how to implement effective control strategies deserve continuous attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102766"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term PM2.5 source apportionment at 12 sites in the western United States from 2000 to 2020","authors":"Kamaljeet Kaur ,&nbsp;Jenna R. Krall ,&nbsp;Cesunica Ivey ,&nbsp;Heather Holmes ,&nbsp;Kerry E. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term source attribution studies help evaluate the effectiveness of PM_2.5 reduction strategies, but inconsistencies in chemical speciation methods complicate source attribution. This study addresses these challenges by integrating Positive Matrix Factorization and Chemical Mass Balance to assess source contributions to PM_2.5 over a 20-year period (2000–2020) at 12 monitoring sites in five western U.S. states: Utah (Bountiful, Hawthorne, Lindon), California (Fresno, Bakersfield, Modesto, Visalia, Sacramento), Nevada (Reno, Las Vegas), Idaho (Boise), and Colorado (Commerce City). At each site, this study identified five to eight source factors including secondary ammonium nitrate (AN), secondary ammonium sulfate (AS), dust, chloride, organic carbon (OC) rich, elemental carbon (EC) rich, EC Cu rich, Cl Zn rich, and aged sea salt. Over two decades, PM_2.5 concentrations significantly declined (−0.38 to −0.037 μg/m³ per year) at all sites except Boise and Commerce City. Declines in AN, AS, EC rich, and EC Cu rich concentrations suggest the role of stringent national regulations on mobile, point, and area sources, resulting in reductions in NO_x, SO₂, and direct PM_2.5 emissions. Despite increasing vehicle miles traveled (VMT), EC rich (vehicle) concentrations decreased, indicating the importance of lower per-vehicle emissions. Winter OC rich concentrations, linked to biomass burning, saw the largest seasonal decline due to national and local efforts to curb residential wood combustion emissions. In contrast, dust concentrations generally increased, likely driven by rising regional aridity and VMT. These findings underscore the long-term effectiveness of air-quality policies in reducing PM_2.5 concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field evaluation of ammonia emissions, yield performance, and profitability under four nitrogen fertilizers in vegetable cultivation","authors":"Oyunerdene Boldsaikhan ,&nbsp;Eun-Chae Im ,&nbsp;Jae-In Lee ,&nbsp;Chang-Gu Lee ,&nbsp;Seong-Jik Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃) emissions from vegetable cropping systems represent a significant pathway for nitrogen loss, leading to soil acidification and atmospheric pollution. This two-year field study (2022–2023) investigated the impacts of four nitrogen fertilizers—urea (UR), ammonium sulfate (AS), composite fertilizer (CMP), and latex-coated urea (LCU)—on NH₃ emissions, crop yield, and economic viability in fields of potatoes and Chinese cabbage. NH₃ fluxes were quantified using a static chamber method, and a Random Forest analysis identified fertilizer type, soil temperature, air temperature, and soil moisture as primary factors influencing daily emissions. Partial dependence analysis revealed that soil moisture had a dual effect on NH₃ volatilization, with fluxes decreasing at 8–20 % but increasing again above 20 %. Compared to UR, AS and CMP significantly reduced cumulative NH₃ losses by 35.8 % and 49.5 % in potatoes, and by 80.3 % and 52.5 % in cabbage, respectively. LCU reduced NH₃ emissions in cabbage by 51.3 % but showed inconsistent effects in potatoes, likely due to soil moisture and coating degradation. Economic analysis revealed that AS provided the highest net benefit in potato production, increasing profitability by 24.9 % over UR; this was followed by CMP at 11.5 % and LCU at 5.8 %. In contrast, UR was the most profitable fertilizer for cabbage, while LCU (−31.9 %) and AS (−29.9 %) reduced net returns due to higher costs and lower yields. These results highlight the necessity of selecting nitrogen fertilizers based on crop type and field conditions to simultaneously minimize NH₃ losses and optimize economic returns in vegetable production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen harvested from trees as a biomonitor of atmospheric pollution by semi-volatile compounds in an urban area: benzo(a)pyrene extracted from samples of Cupressus sempervirens pollen grains and PM10","authors":"Juan J. Hidalgo-Barquero ,&nbsp;Selena Carretero-Peña ,&nbsp;Eduardo Pinilla-Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a known toxic air pollutant regulated by ambient air quality regulations, can adhere to pollen grains from the gaseous phase or bound to adsorbed atmospheric particles. This study investigated the applicability of a method based on microwave extraction and HPLC-FD (fluorescence detection) to measure BaP attached to airborne pollen samples of <em>Cupressus sempervirens</em> collected from the urban area of Badajoz (Spain) during the species' peak pollination month (February) to assess the variability of BaP levels. After testing the analytical quality of the method, we sampled and assayed pollen samples collected from trees located in Badajoz (Southwest Spain) urban areas, finding BaP levels ranging between 84.9 and 140.6 μg kg⁻¹. The results were significantly higher than those measured in pollen samples collected at a rural unpolluted site (mean value 87.7 μg kg⁻¹). As a reference, we simultaneously measured PM concentration (PM₁₀, PM_2,5 and PM₁) and BaP concentration in PM₁₀ samples collected by high-volume sampling at an official air quality surveillance unit in the city (range 2.39–11.29 mg kg⁻¹). BaP levels in the pollen samples assayed reflect the urban variability in terms of emission sources contributing to BaP pollution, with higher values in pollen collected from trees in urban locations exposed to dense traffic and lower values in quiet pedestrian areas. These results suggest that <em>Cupressus sempervirens</em> pollen grains harvested from trees could be effective air pollution biomonitors for atmospheric BaP in urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaerosol and their health risk assessment: A multi-location yearlong study over an urban non-attainment city","authors":"Jyotishree Nath ,&nbsp;Sony Pandey ,&nbsp;Boopathy Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Trupti Das","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioaerosols are an integral part of myriad toxic components in ambient particulate matter (PM) that pose a serious health risk while contributing to degradation of air quality. In this context a yearlong (June 2022–May 2023) diversity study of bacteria, fungus and PM_2.5 in ambient air was conducted at three distinct locations- dump yard (DY), open market (OM), and clean office campus (OC) at Bhubaneswar, a major non-attainment city in eastern coast of India. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and health risk assessment analysis was also performed. The overall bacterial concentration at DY (105 ± 10), OM (204 ± 21), and OC (34 ± 05) CFU/m³ × 10² was higher than that of fungus at DY (12 ± 05), OM (14 ± 06), and OC (10 ± 07) CFU/m³ × 10². <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> were common across all the three sites. Biomolecular profiling revealed maximum bacterial diversity at OM with the presence of gram-negative pathogens such as <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Stenotrophomonas</em>. Irrespective of the site, all the bacterial and fungal strains were susceptible to azithromycin and canditral, respectively. Most of the strains from OM and DY were resistant to the antimicrobial agents. Health risk assessment showed the vulnerability of children to microbial exposures and males to short-term inhalation. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and negative association with PM_2.5 and temperature respectively. The current findings provide novel seasonal data in ambient air of an urban set up on microbial diversity, their anti-microbial properties and hazard index. These are crucial information for the stakeholders and urban planners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal of indoor air pollutant limit values for Turkish schools based on a literature review of emission sources, concentrations, health effects, and limits/guidelines","authors":"Sait Cemil Sofuoglu ,&nbsp;Akif Ari ,&nbsp;Mihriban Civan ,&nbsp;Yetkin Dumanoglu ,&nbsp;Gulen Gullu ,&nbsp;Sibel Mentese ,&nbsp;Burcu Onat ,&nbsp;Ülkü Alver Şahin ,&nbsp;Macit Toksoy","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limit Values Working Group (LVWG) was established under Indoor Air Quality Committee of Turkish Climatization Assembly of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye. LVWG was tasked with reviewing the pertinent literature on indoor emission sources, concentrations in schools, health effects, and existing limit and guideline values to identify the indoor air pollutants that need to be addressed and to be recommended a limit value for Turkish schools. LVWG members took responsibilities based on their individual expertise. The recommendations were concluded in consensus decision-making after in-group discussions. A total of 19 pollutants/pollutant groups (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, radon, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, trihalomethanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, organophosphate esters, phthalate esters, particulate matter, bioaerosols (bacteria, fungi, viruses), microbial pollutants and allergens) were reviewed. Limit values were recommended for 11 pollutants/groups based on the current knowledge, i.e. pollutant health effects and indoor air concentrations taking into account the exposure duration, the prevalence of existing limit/guideline values and the health effects on which they are based.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and source analysis of carbonyl compounds in a rural area of north China Plain: Results from 1-year continuous observations","authors":"Wenxin Cao ,&nbsp;Xuran Li ,&nbsp;Shuyang Xie ,&nbsp;Jinyong Yang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu ,&nbsp;Chengtang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenglong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujing Mu ,&nbsp;Junfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apr.2025.102772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonyl compounds are significant in atmospheric chemistry and human health, yet their sources, especially in rural areas, remain incompletely characterized. Long-term measurements (June 2020–July 2021) at a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) identified formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone as the dominant carbonyls, collectively accounting for 71 % of the total. Concentrations exhibited distinct seasonal patterns, with the highest levels observed for all three compounds during autumn. Analysis of C1/C2 ratios and correlation analysis indicated anthropogenic emissions as the primary source overall. Notably, during autumn, strong mutual correlations among formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were observed, contrasting with weaker correlations to CO and O₃. Supplementary experiments confirmed that mechanical corn stover crushing releases substantial amounts of carbonyls. These convergent findings demonstrate that large-scale seasonal agricultural activities, particularly corn stover crushing and agricultural machinery during harvest periods, constitute a major and previously underappreciated source of carbonyl emissions in the NCP region, necessitating greater attention in emission inventories and mitigation strategies. Furthermore, integrated lifetime cancer risk (ILTCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) assessments indicated that formaldehyde concentrations pose a potential lifetime carcinogenic risk to the local population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8604,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Pollution Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 102772"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}