Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100263
Christine Schoenfisch , Nikita Walz , Tao Wang , Leah East
Objective
This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of health science students at a regional Queensland university regarding measles, mumps, and rubella, as well as their understanding of occupational immunisation requirements.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, collecting quantitative data via an online questionnaire from July 2023 to May 2024.
Results
Students demonstrated limited knowledge of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) transmission, severity and treatment. While 67.27 % (n=37) recognised the seriousness of MMR, only 40.38 % (n=21) understood that infection confers lifelong immunity. Despite knowledge gaps, 59 % (n=23) supported vaccination for those lacking MMR antibodies, and 75 % (n=30) would recommend immunity testing.
Conclusions
There are critical gaps in MMR knowledge and awareness of occupational immunisation among health science students.
Implications for Public Health
Gaps in MMR knowledge among health science students present a risk to public health during clinical placements. Strengthening immunisation education in health curricula and promoting immunity testing and vaccination are vital for ensuring future healthcare workers are adequately prepared to protect themselves and their patients, and to prevent transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in healthcare settings.
{"title":"Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge about MMR vaccination among university students: Findings from a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Christine Schoenfisch , Nikita Walz , Tao Wang , Leah East","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of health science students at a regional Queensland university regarding measles, mumps, and rubella, as well as their understanding of occupational immunisation requirements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted, collecting quantitative data via an online questionnaire from July 2023 to May 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Students demonstrated limited knowledge of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) transmission, severity and treatment. While 67.27 % (n=37) recognised the seriousness of MMR, only 40.38 % (n=21) understood that infection confers lifelong immunity. Despite knowledge gaps, 59 % (n=23) supported vaccination for those lacking MMR antibodies, and 75 % (n=30) would recommend immunity testing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There are critical gaps in MMR knowledge and awareness of occupational immunisation among health science students.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>Gaps in MMR knowledge among health science students present a risk to public health during clinical placements. Strengthening immunisation education in health curricula and promoting immunity testing and vaccination are vital for ensuring future healthcare workers are adequately prepared to protect themselves and their patients, and to prevent transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 5","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100254
Tony Lower , Kerri-Lynn Peachey , Rajneesh Kaur
Objective
This descriptive study assesses all work-related quad deaths in Australia for the 2001–2024 period. Preliminary findings and potential implications are discussed in relation to the introduction of the Consumer Goods (Quad Bikes) Safety Standard 2019.
Methods
Data were retrieved through the National Coronial Information System. Descriptive analysis was followed by a one-sample Wilcoxon test assessing rolling four-year totals, both nationally and by jurisdiction, for all work cases and rollover events.
Results
Of the 334 fatal cases in this period, there were 161 work-related cases (49%). Over 95% of work cases occurred on a farm, with 77% (n=120) over 50 years of age. Rollovers were responsible for 65% of all work cases (n=105). Nationally, there has been a nonsignificant reduction in all work cases (p=0.47) and work-related rollovers (p=0.63). No jurisdictions had significant changes in total work-related cases, while Victoria had a significant reduction in rollover events (p=0.045).
Conclusion
There was a small reduction nationally, with variability by jurisdiction. Significant reductions in Victoria (rollovers), may be suggestive of the impact of increased regulatory and enforcement approaches, made in conjunction with the Standards introduction and warrant further investigation.
Implications for Public Health
These early data require further verification to assess the full impact of the Standard but point to a small reduction overall and the importance of enforcement approaches in the intervention mix.
{"title":"A preliminary review of the impact of the Australian Consumer Goods (Quad Bikes) Safety Standard 2019 on fatal work-related incidents","authors":"Tony Lower , Kerri-Lynn Peachey , Rajneesh Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This descriptive study assesses all work-related quad deaths in Australia for the 2001–2024 period. Preliminary findings and potential implications are discussed in relation to the introduction of the Consumer Goods (Quad Bikes) Safety Standard 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were retrieved through the National Coronial Information System. Descriptive analysis was followed by a one-sample Wilcoxon test assessing rolling four-year totals, both nationally and by jurisdiction, for all work cases and rollover events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 334 fatal cases in this period, there were 161 work-related cases (49%). Over 95% of work cases occurred on a farm, with 77% (n=120) over 50 years of age. Rollovers were responsible for 65% of all work cases (n=105). Nationally, there has been a nonsignificant reduction in all work cases (<em>p</em>=0.47) and work-related rollovers (<em>p</em>=0.63). No jurisdictions had significant changes in total work-related cases, while Victoria had a significant reduction in rollover events (<em>p</em>=0.045).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was a small reduction nationally, with variability by jurisdiction. Significant reductions in Victoria (rollovers), may be suggestive of the impact of increased regulatory and enforcement approaches, made in conjunction with the Standards introduction and warrant further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>These early data require further verification to assess the full impact of the Standard but point to a small reduction overall and the importance of enforcement approaches in the intervention mix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Wellbeing in adolescence is an important opportunity to shape healthy futures. However, psychosocial distress is high amongst adolescents, and rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents are at an increased risk. Situated within a rural Queensland community-controlled health service, this research explored community perceptions of an adolescent social and emotional wellbeing program.
Methods: Through yarning circles, adolescents, parents/guardians, community leaders, Elders and health service staff shared their perceptions of the program. Participants were purposively sampled through their existing community-controlled engagement forums. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed using NVivo 11.
Results: Thirty people (n=30) participated in the research, of whom, 83% identified as Aboriginal. Four themes suggest the program is highly valued. Participants perceived the program as improving adolescent confidence and empowerment, preparing adolescents for adulthood and providing positive role models. Participants felt the program should be upscaled and sustained.
Conclusions: The program was perceived as achieving its target outcomes, and several success factors were identified that are consistent with the literature.
Implications for public health: The program is an example of how adolescent social and emotional wellbeing can be done well in the community-controlled setting. Exploring program expansion and further evaluation is encouraged.
{"title":"Qualitative exploration of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescent community-controlled social and emotional wellbeing program.","authors":"Renae Earle, Floyd Leedie, Robyn Littlewood, Simone Nalatu, Jacqueline Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Wellbeing in adolescence is an important opportunity to shape healthy futures. However, psychosocial distress is high amongst adolescents, and rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents are at an increased risk. Situated within a rural Queensland community-controlled health service, this research explored community perceptions of an adolescent social and emotional wellbeing program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through yarning circles, adolescents, parents/guardians, community leaders, Elders and health service staff shared their perceptions of the program. Participants were purposively sampled through their existing community-controlled engagement forums. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed using NVivo 11.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty people (n=30) participated in the research, of whom, 83% identified as Aboriginal. Four themes suggest the program is highly valued. Participants perceived the program as improving adolescent confidence and empowerment, preparing adolescents for adulthood and providing positive role models. Participants felt the program should be upscaled and sustained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The program was perceived as achieving its target outcomes, and several success factors were identified that are consistent with the literature.</p><p><strong>Implications for public health: </strong>The program is an example of how adolescent social and emotional wellbeing can be done well in the community-controlled setting. Exploring program expansion and further evaluation is encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"100266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100243
Scarlett Smout, Nicola C. Newton, Siobhan O’Dean, Katrina E. Champion , Lauren A. Gardner
Objective
Using longitudinal data from a large cohort of Australian adolescents, this study examines the following: 1) changes in depression, psychological distress and anxiety symptoms, 2) associations between symptoms and social determinants (gender, cultural/linguistic diversity, family affluence, school socio-educational advantage, and geographic remoteness), and 3) interactions between social determinants and effects on symptoms.
Methods
Students from 71 Australian schools completed annual surveys from Year 7 (2019, n=6,639, Mage:12.7) to 10. Generalised linear mixed effects regression analyses examined associations between social determinants and mental disorder symptoms.
Results
Mean mental disorder symptom scores increased over time, with cisgender females and gender diverse participants experiencing heightened baseline symptoms and an increased growth in symptoms compared with cisgender males. Interaction effects suggest that females in the lowest affluence group experienced compounded adversity, with heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms over-and-above the effects of affluence or gender alone.
Conclusions
Among this large cohort of Australian adolescents, elevated mental disorder symptoms were common and were associated with key social determinants.
Implications for public health
This study highlights the need to address adolescent mental health in public health policy, research, and practice. Responses should proportionately target groups experiencing disproportionate burdens, including female and gender diverse adolescents; particularly those experiencing low affluence.
{"title":"All things being equal? Longitudinal patterns of mental disorder symptoms and associations with key social determinants in a large cohort of Australian adolescents","authors":"Scarlett Smout, Nicola C. Newton, Siobhan O’Dean, Katrina E. Champion , Lauren A. Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Using longitudinal data from a large cohort of Australian adolescents, this study examines the following: 1) changes in depression, psychological distress and anxiety symptoms, 2) associations between symptoms and social determinants (gender, cultural/linguistic diversity, family affluence, school socio-educational advantage, and geographic remoteness), and 3) interactions between social determinants and effects on symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Students from 71 Australian schools completed annual surveys from Year 7 (2019, n=6,639, M<sub>age</sub>:12.7) to 10. Generalised linear mixed effects regression analyses examined associations between social determinants and mental disorder symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean mental disorder symptom scores increased over time, with cisgender females and gender diverse participants experiencing heightened baseline symptoms and an increased growth in symptoms compared with cisgender males. Interaction effects suggest that females in the lowest affluence group experienced compounded adversity, with heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms over-and-above the effects of affluence or gender alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among this large cohort of Australian adolescents, elevated mental disorder symptoms were common and were associated with key social determinants.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>This study highlights the need to address adolescent mental health in public health policy, research, and practice. Responses should proportionately target groups experiencing disproportionate burdens, including female and gender diverse adolescents; particularly those experiencing low affluence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100258
Lauren Miller , Stacey Willcox-Pidgeon , Justin-Paul Scarr , William Koon
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to analyse 20 years of drowning data in Australia, using the Royal Life Saving – Australia National Fatal Drowning Database (NFDD).
Methods
This study is a retrospective, total population epidemiological analysis of unintentional fatal drowning in Australia between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2022. Data were extracted from the NFDD, which was collected over the years using coroner’s findings, toxicology reports, autopsy reports and police reports from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS), in conjunction with media reports.
Results
There were 5,692 unintentional drowning deaths during the study period. Overall, drowning trends were found to decrease at a statistically significant rate of 2.60% annually over the 20-year period. The average annual age-standardised mortality rate was 1.22 per 100,000. Rivers/creeks were the leading location for drowning, accounting for 26.3% of cases. Trend analysis identified a significant decrease in the drowning rate among children aged 0-4-years, with an annual decrease of 5.41%, while there was no statistically significant change in older adults (+65 years), who had an annual decrease of 0.59%.
Conclusion
There was no evidence of statistical change in drowning rates at beaches or among people aged 65 years and over, indicating that this demographic and location remain priorities for drowning prevention campaigns.
Implications for Public Health
There is an opportunity to enhance existing strategies and develop new and innovative strategies focusing on key populations, activities and risk factors. In addition, this study highlights the need to broaden our focus beyond just specific age groups and locations and to improve the availability of exposure data.
{"title":"Analysis of unintentional fatal drowning in Australia 2002-2022: Progress, challenges and data to inform prevention","authors":"Lauren Miller , Stacey Willcox-Pidgeon , Justin-Paul Scarr , William Koon","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to analyse 20 years of drowning data in Australia, using the Royal Life Saving – Australia National Fatal Drowning Database (NFDD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a retrospective, total population epidemiological analysis of unintentional fatal drowning in Australia between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2022. Data were extracted from the NFDD, which was collected over the years using coroner’s findings, toxicology reports, autopsy reports and police reports from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS), in conjunction with media reports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 5,692 unintentional drowning deaths during the study period. Overall, drowning trends were found to decrease at a statistically significant rate of 2.60% annually over the 20-year period. The average annual age-standardised mortality rate was 1.22 per 100,000. Rivers/creeks were the leading location for drowning, accounting for 26.3% of cases. Trend analysis identified a significant decrease in the drowning rate among children aged 0-4-years, with an annual decrease of 5.41%, while there was no statistically significant change in older adults (+65 years), who had an annual decrease of 0.59%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was no evidence of statistical change in drowning rates at beaches or among people aged 65 years and over, indicating that this demographic and location remain priorities for drowning prevention campaigns.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>There is an opportunity to enhance existing strategies and develop new and innovative strategies focusing on key populations, activities and risk factors. In addition, this study highlights the need to broaden our focus beyond just specific age groups and locations and to improve the availability of exposure data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100264
Catriona Lockett , Andrew Thorpe , Emily Stockings , Michelle Jongenelis , Moya Vandeleur , Smita Shah
{"title":"E-cigarette use in adolescents: prevention and cessation strategies from an Australian community of practice","authors":"Catriona Lockett , Andrew Thorpe , Emily Stockings , Michelle Jongenelis , Moya Vandeleur , Smita Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100265
Stefanie Puszka , Angela Titmuss , Emma Weaver , Natasha Freeman , Marylin Carino , Jade Morris , Peggy Tom , Shiree Mack , Sumaria Corpus , Deanne Minniecon , Peter Azzopardi , James Dowler , Louise Maple-Brown , Renae Kirkham
Objective
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is an emerging condition impacting Indigenous populations worldwide. Schools have an important role in supporting students to manage their health.
Methods
We undertook a qualitative study to (i) explore the lived experience of type 2 diabetes, diabetes management and support in school environments and (ii) co-design recommendations for age-appropriate, culturally safe school-based strategies and supports. Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, caregivers, health professionals and school-based staff. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth were involved in determining the research topic.
Results
We found a need for school-based measures to address diabetes stigma, medication management, privacy and confidentiality, healthy eating and social and emotional wellbeing and identified further needs for staff training.
Conclusions
In many cases, schools are providing extensive support to students, but without adequate resources, supportive systems and policies or staff training, current approaches are insufficient.
Implications for public health
Recommendations include whole-of-school responses to address diabetes stigma and to generate sensitive approaches to nutrition, school-based management plans for students with T2D and adoption of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-driven approaches.
{"title":"Co-design of school-based strategies and supports for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth living with type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study","authors":"Stefanie Puszka , Angela Titmuss , Emma Weaver , Natasha Freeman , Marylin Carino , Jade Morris , Peggy Tom , Shiree Mack , Sumaria Corpus , Deanne Minniecon , Peter Azzopardi , James Dowler , Louise Maple-Brown , Renae Kirkham","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is an emerging condition impacting Indigenous populations worldwide. Schools have an important role in supporting students to manage their health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We undertook a qualitative study to (i) explore the lived experience of type 2 diabetes, diabetes management and support in school environments and (ii) co-design recommendations for age-appropriate, culturally safe school-based strategies and supports. Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, caregivers, health professionals and school-based staff. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth were involved in determining the research topic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a need for school-based measures to address diabetes stigma, medication management, privacy and confidentiality, healthy eating and social and emotional wellbeing and identified further needs for staff training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In many cases, schools are providing extensive support to students, but without adequate resources, supportive systems and policies or staff training, current approaches are insufficient.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for public health</h3><div>Recommendations include whole-of-school responses to address diabetes stigma and to generate sensitive approaches to nutrition, school-based management plans for students with T2D and adoption of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-driven approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100267
Anna Dawson , Louise Lyons (Jaadwa) , Kim Morey (Anmatyerre/Eastern Arrernte) , Odette Pearson (Kuku Yalanji/Torres Strait Islander) , Stephen Harfield (Narungga/Ngarrindjeri) , Tracey Brand (Eastern Arrente) , Karrina DeMasi (Barkindji) , Eddie Mulholland (Torres Strait Islands – ERUB) , Edoardo Aromataris , Annette Braunack-Mayer , Alex Brown (Yuin)
Objective
This research sought to describe a conceptual model of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Organisation (ATSICCHO) primary health care, and the fundamental role ATSICCHOs exercise in addressing critical service gaps needed to achieve equitable outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Methods
ATSICCHO representatives governed the research process. A sequential mixed-method approach for articulating the ATSICCHO model drew upon scoping review evidence, case study evidence, and expert consultations.
Results
Culture is central to ATSICCHO service delivery and entwined within nine discrete characteristics: self-determination and empowerment, community control and community participation, culturally appropriate and skilled workforce, holistic health care, accessible health services, flexible and responsive approach to care, relationship building and advocacy, comprehensive health promotion and continuous quality improvement. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander governance, leadership and workforce are common enablers, and challenges often relate to funding, workforce recruitment and building relationships with multiple partners.
Conclusion
ATSICCHOs exemplify culturally-centred, comprehensive and accessible primary health care and empower Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Implications for Public Health
This model can guide the expansion of the ATSICCHO sector and offer comprehensive primary health care insights to the broader Australian health system.
{"title":"Ways of working in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Organisations: describing a conceptual model of comprehensive primary healthcare characteristics","authors":"Anna Dawson , Louise Lyons (Jaadwa) , Kim Morey (Anmatyerre/Eastern Arrernte) , Odette Pearson (Kuku Yalanji/Torres Strait Islander) , Stephen Harfield (Narungga/Ngarrindjeri) , Tracey Brand (Eastern Arrente) , Karrina DeMasi (Barkindji) , Eddie Mulholland (Torres Strait Islands – ERUB) , Edoardo Aromataris , Annette Braunack-Mayer , Alex Brown (Yuin)","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This research sought to describe a conceptual model of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Organisation (ATSICCHO) primary health care, and the fundamental role ATSICCHOs exercise in addressing critical service gaps needed to achieve equitable outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>ATSICCHO representatives governed the research process. A sequential mixed-method approach for articulating the ATSICCHO model drew upon scoping review evidence, case study evidence, and expert consultations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Culture is central to ATSICCHO service delivery and entwined within nine discrete characteristics: self-determination and empowerment, community control and community participation, culturally appropriate and skilled workforce, holistic health care, accessible health services, flexible and responsive approach to care, relationship building and advocacy, comprehensive health promotion and continuous quality improvement. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander governance, leadership and workforce are common enablers, and challenges often relate to funding, workforce recruitment and building relationships with multiple partners.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ATSICCHOs exemplify culturally-centred, comprehensive and accessible primary health care and empower Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>This model can guide the expansion of the ATSICCHO sector and offer comprehensive primary health care insights to the broader Australian health system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144813944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100252
Brigid M. Lynch , Matthew T. Warkentin , Melissa M. Moore , Todd Harper , Craig Sinclair , Sue Evans , Graham G. Giles , Darren R. Brenner , Roger L. Milne
Objective
To estimate the lives saved because of cancer control measures implemented in Australia, since age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) have been available.
Methods
Secondary data analysis using publicly available data. We estimated ASMRs using the (unadjusted) age-specific rates and the corresponding population counts. We also estimated the expected number of cancer deaths, the number of avoided cancer deaths and standardised mortality ratios (SMR).
Results
The overall ASMR for females peaked in 1985 at 116.50 per 100,000 (95% CI: 114.40, 118.60) and declined to 81.36 (95% CI: 80.24, 82.48) in 2018. For males, the overall ASMR peaked at 188.27 per 100,000 in 1987 (95% CI: 185.38, 191.16), declining to 116.08 per 100,000 (95% CI: 114.67, 117.48) in 2018. We estimated that 66,733 and 164,358 cancer deaths have been avoided for females and males, respectively. This corresponds to an 11% (SMR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.89) and 20% (SMR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.80) reduction in overall cancer mortality.
Conclusions
When considering overall cancer rates, over 230,000 cancer-related deaths have been avoided in Australia since 1950.
Implications for Public Health
These estimates demonstrate the value of sustained cancer control investment, particularly in primary and secondary prevention.
{"title":"Cancer control measures have prevented 230,000 deaths in Australia since the mid-1980s","authors":"Brigid M. Lynch , Matthew T. Warkentin , Melissa M. Moore , Todd Harper , Craig Sinclair , Sue Evans , Graham G. Giles , Darren R. Brenner , Roger L. Milne","doi":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the lives saved because of cancer control measures implemented in Australia, since age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) have been available.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Secondary data analysis using publicly available data. We estimated ASMRs using the (unadjusted) age-specific rates and the corresponding population counts. We also estimated the expected number of cancer deaths, the number of avoided cancer deaths and standardised mortality ratios (SMR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall ASMR for females peaked in 1985 at 116.50 per 100,000 (95% CI: 114.40, 118.60) and declined to 81.36 (95% CI: 80.24, 82.48) in 2018. For males, the overall ASMR peaked at 188.27 per 100,000 in 1987 (95% CI: 185.38, 191.16), declining to 116.08 per 100,000 (95% CI: 114.67, 117.48) in 2018. We estimated that 66,733 and 164,358 cancer deaths have been avoided for females and males, respectively. This corresponds to an 11% (SMR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.89) and 20% (SMR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.80) reduction in overall cancer mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>When considering overall cancer rates, over 230,000 cancer-related deaths have been avoided in Australia since 1950.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for Public Health</h3><div>These estimates demonstrate the value of sustained cancer control investment, particularly in primary and secondary prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8620,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100255
Anna Nicholson , Claire Hardi , Rachael Jinnette , Maree Scully , Helen Dixon
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess whether top-selling online (e-canteen) sales from Victorian Primary schools reflect canteen policy guidance and describe predictors of sales and cost.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used e-canteen sales data from 29 Victorian primary schools. We categorised 425,332 items, assigned a nutritional rating (“Everyday”, “Select carefully”, “Occasionally” and “Never”) to the top 10 items sold and used multivariable regression analyses to explore predictors of sales and cost.
Results
Among top-selling items (comprising 95% of sales), 8% were rated “Everyday”, 54% “Select carefully”, 19% “Occasionally”, 7% “Never” and 12% “Unknown”. Healthy (Everyday) sales were higher among schools with less than daily canteen availability, larger size, lower socio-educational position and higher area-level socio-economic position. Unhealthy (Occasionally–Never) sales were higher for special events, regional areas and areas of lower socio-economic position. The average meal price decreased with nutritional rating.
Conclusion
There is low policy adherence, with similar sales of foods and drinks categorised as main choices (8%) vs. limited/prohibited (7%). Partial canteen policy implementation is resulting in inequitable nutrition and price outcomes across schools.
Implications for Public Health
The current Victorian policy must be strengthened, fully implemented and centrally monitored to support all canteens to contribute to a healthy and equitable school food environment.
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