Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health最新文献

Mate ni kawa-our parents will have it, so will we! Reframing diabetes self-management for Pasifika Women in Australia: cultural realities, systemic gaps, and public health imperatives. 亲爱的，我们的父母会拥有它，我们也会！重塑澳大利亚帕西菲卡妇女的糖尿病自我管理：文化现实、系统差距和公共卫生要求。

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2026.100312

Camille Patton, Victor M Gallegos-Rejas, Heena Akbar

引用次数: 0

Agreement between self-report of coronary heart disease by participants in the 45 and Up Study and hospital administration data: A record linkage study 45和Up研究参与者冠心病自我报告与医院管理数据之间的一致性：一项记录关联研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100305

Nicole Freene , Suzanne Carroll , Amanda Lönn , Theo Niyonsenga , Adrian Bauman

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the agreement, diagnostic properties and predictive ability of self-reported coronary heart disease in the 45 and Up Study using record linkage.

Methods

Baseline Australian 45 and Up Study data (2006-2009) were linked to hospital administrative data from the New South Wales Admitted Patient Data Collection and New South Wales Emergency Department Data Collection (2005-2009). Participants were aged ≥45 years with and without self-reported coronary heart disease (n=49,844). Coronary heart disease diagnosis was determined from responses to four questions. Agreement of the individual and combined questions from the 45 and Up Study with relevant diagnostic and procedure codes from the Admitted Patient Data Collection and Emergency Department Data Collection were explored using agreement, sensitivity, specificity and predictive-ability statistics.

Results

Sensitivities for the individual and combined questions varied between 16.7 and 93.9% and specificities between 74.8 and 98.1%. Kappa values ranged from 0.07 to 0.52 for the individual and combined questions. Overall, the combination of all four questions more accurately identified participants with coronary heart disease than the individual questions.

Conclusions

Self-report of coronary heart disease diagnosis using a combination of four questions was able to identify participants with coronary heart disease with moderate agreement and moderate to high sensitivity and specificity compared to available hospital administrative data collections.

Implications for Public Health

Identifying participants with coronary heart disease from self-report is useful for studies investigating health outcomes in this population.

目的本研究的目的是评估一致性，诊断性质和预测能力的自我报告的冠心病在45和以上的研究使用记录链接。方法澳大利亚45岁及以上基线研究数据（2006-2009年）与新南威尔士州住院患者数据收集和新南威尔士州急诊科数据收集（2005-2009年）的医院管理数据相关联。参与者年龄≥45岁，有或没有自述冠心病（n=49,844）。冠状动脉心脏病的诊断是通过回答四个问题来确定的。通过一致性、敏感性、特异性和预测性统计，探讨45及以上研究中的个体和组合问题与入院患者数据收集和急诊科数据收集的相关诊断和程序代码的一致性。结果单项和组合问题的敏感性在16.7% ~ 93.9%之间，特异性在74.8% ~ 98.1%之间。单个问题和组合问题的Kappa值从0.07到0.52不等。总的来说，所有四个问题的组合比单独的问题更准确地确定了参与者是否患有冠心病。结论：与现有的医院管理数据收集相比，使用四个问题组合的冠心病诊断自我报告能够以中等一致性和中高灵敏度和特异性识别冠心病参与者。对公众健康的启示从自我报告中识别患有冠心病的参与者对调查这一人群的健康结果的研究是有用的。

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引用次数: 0

Indigenous Measures for Protecting and Addressing Critical Trauma (IMPACT) – Project protocol 保护和处理严重创伤的土著措施(IMPACT) -项目协议

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100308

Courtney Ryder , Patrick Sharpe , Georga Sallows , Daniel Y. Ellis , Nicole Kelly , Belinda J. Gabbe , Mark Fitzgerald , Julieann Coombes , Luke Wolfenden , Brett Shannon , Gerard O’Reilly , Murthy Mittinty , Kate Hunter , Hossein Haji Ali Afzali , Maree Toombs

Objective

The Indigenous Measures for Protecting and Addressing Critical Trauma (IMPACT) project aims to transform trauma care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples by embedding Indigenous knowledges and culturally responsive practices into trauma systems.

Methods

Using Knowledge-Interface Methodology, the IMPACT will be implemented across two South Australian trauma sites through four phases: establishing trauma profiles and lived experiences; co-designing relational clinical quality indicators and patient-reported outcome measures; piloting and evaluating the program using RE-AIM QuEST framework; and translating findings into national trauma systems. Guided by an Aboriginal Governance Council, the project ensures Indigenous Data Sovereignty and community-led decision-making.

Results

IMPACT will lead to the co-design of relational clinical quality indicators and patient-reported outcomes that enhance cultural safety in trauma care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

Conclusion

IMPACT will demonstrate improved cultural safety in trauma care, increased use of Indigenous-led quality indicators, and enhanced patient-reported outcomes. IMPACT will build capacity among Aboriginal researchers, foster clinical champions, and provide a replicable model for national reform.

Implications for Public Health

IMPACT lays the groundwork for developing culturally responsive quality of life tools tailored to priority populations, improving outcome measurement and advancing health equity.

保护和解决严重创伤的土著措施（IMPACT）项目旨在通过将土著知识和文化响应实践融入创伤系统，改变土著和托雷斯海峡岛民的创伤护理。方法采用知识界面方法，IMPACT将通过四个阶段在两个南澳大利亚创伤站点实施：建立创伤概况和生活经验；共同设计相关临床质量指标和患者报告的结果测量；使用RE-AIM QuEST框架对项目进行试点和评估；并将研究结果转化为国家创伤系统。该项目在土著治理委员会的指导下，确保土著数据主权和社区主导的决策。结果simpact将导致相关临床质量指标和患者报告结果的共同设计，以增强原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民社区创伤护理的文化安全。impact将展示创伤护理中文化安全性的提高，土著主导的质量指标的使用增加，以及患者报告的结果的提高。IMPACT将在土著研究人员中建立能力，培养临床冠军，并为国家改革提供可复制的模式。对公共卫生的影响impact为开发适合重点人群的符合文化特点的生活质量工具、改进成果衡量和促进卫生公平奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

A qualitative study of genomics in cancer control for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 澳洲原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民癌症控制的基因组学定性研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100310

Justine Clark , Jacinta Elston , Kelly Trudgen , Lucy Coulter , Carolyn Der Vartanian , Ashleigh R. Sharman , Claire Howlett , Vivienne Milch , Dorothy Keefe , Alex Brown

Objective

To describe the perspectives of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and health care workers on genomics in cancer care to inform the National Framework for Genomics in Cancer Control (the Framework).

Methods

A total of 37 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community members, health care workers, researchers, and Aboriginal community-controlled health sector representatives participated in five in-person workshops around Australia. Data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Discussions of genomics in cancer control yielded six themes. Culture describes the cultural considerations for genomics. Self-determination describes the need for informed decision making in genomic healthcare and research. Capacity building identifies areas for improving education and awareness. Workforce identifies specific roles needed to support Aboriginal access to genomics. Access describes the barriers and enablers for genomics in cancer control. Suggested actions for integrating genomics into cancer care outlines participants' call to action.

Conclusions

Equitable access to precision medicine for cancer control will be strengthened by co-design with and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Implications for public health

The findings from this study informed the development of the Framework, which will guide Australia’s cancer control sector in the use of genomics.

目的介绍土著人和托雷斯海峡岛民以及卫生保健工作者对基因组学在癌症治疗中的观点，为国家基因组学癌症控制框架（框架）提供信息。方法共有37名土著和托雷斯海峡岛民社区成员、卫生保健工作者、研究人员和土著社区控制的卫生部门代表参加了澳大利亚各地的五次面对面讲习班。对数据进行录音、转录并使用反身性主题分析进行分析。结果基因组学在癌症控制中的讨论产生了六个主题。文化描述了基因组学的文化考虑。自决描述了在基因组保健和研究中需要知情的决策。能力建设确定了需要改进教育和意识的领域。Workforce确定了支持原住民获得基因组学所需的特定角色。Access描述了基因组学在癌症控制中的障碍和推动因素。将基因组学整合到癌症治疗中的建议行动概述了参与者的行动呼吁。结论通过与原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民共同设计，可加强精准医疗的可及性。这项研究的结果为框架的制定提供了信息，该框架将指导澳大利亚的癌症控制部门使用基因组学。

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引用次数: 0

From evidence synthesis to practical tools: Next-user needs for an implementation-ready evidence base to prevent obesity in young children 从证据综合到实用工具：下一个用户需要一个可用于预防幼儿肥胖的证据基础

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100309

Brittany J. Johnson , Georgia Middleton , Sarah Hunter , Samantha Morgillo , Vicki Brown , Anna Lene Seidler , Rebecca Perry , Kylie Hunter , Jaqueline Anderson , Lua Perimal-Lewis , Rebecca K. Golley

Objective

To understand next-user (e.g. program planners, service managers) decision-making process and needs and expectations for a child health behaviour evidence base.

Methods

Qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews with next-users in the early years system. Data analyses by qualitative descriptive analysis using a deductive and inductive coding approach.

Results

Participants (n=9) described their decision-making process, which varied depending on their organisational context, the desired content from an evidence base (e.g. effectiveness, feasibility) and desired functionality (e.g. online repository or dashboard).

Conclusions

Next-users emphasised the need for practical tools that provide easy access to evidence to enable informed decision-making on initiatives in routine settings.

Implications for Public Health

Insights into next-users’ decision-making process, evidence needs and functionality preferences can be used to design practical fit-for-purpose tools to facilitate knowledge translation.

目的了解下一个用户（如项目规划者、服务管理者）的决策过程以及对儿童健康行为证据库的需求和期望。方法采用半结构化访谈法对早期系统的下一个用户进行定性描述性研究。数据分析采用定性描述性分析，采用演绎和归纳编码方法。结果参与者（n=9）描述了他们的决策过程，这取决于他们的组织背景，来自证据基础的期望内容（例如有效性，可行性）和期望的功能（例如在线存储库或仪表板）。下一个用户强调需要实用的工具，方便获取证据，以便在日常环境中对倡议做出明智的决策。对公共卫生的影响关注下一个用户的决策过程、证据需求和功能偏好，可用于设计实用的适合用途的工具，以促进知识转化。

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引用次数: 0

Broadening the Goods and Services Tax to healthy foods could exacerbate chronic disease in Australia 将商品和服务税扩大到健康食品可能会加剧澳大利亚的慢性疾病

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100306

Tazman Davies , Lennert Veerman , Matti Marklund , Jason H.Y. Wu

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and protective factors for walu-win ngawaal (healthy weight) status in Aboriginal children living in urban and regional Australia 生活在澳大利亚城市和地区的土著儿童walu-win ngawaal（健康体重）状况的患病率和保护因素

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100293

Simone Sherriff , Leonie Burgess , Michelle Dickson , Emily Banks , Sandra Eades , Natalie Smith , Lachlan Wright , Jonathan C. Craig , Louise A. Baur , Sumithra Muthayya

Objective

To identify factors protective of healthy weight for Aboriginal children living in urban and regional Australia.

Methods

Data were collected from 1139 Aboriginal children aged 2–19 years from the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health (SEARCH). BMI z-scores were calculated using WHO age and sex specific cut-offs. Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between BMI z-scores and child- and family-level socio-demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Results

A majority of children had a healthy weight (67 %); 17 % had overweight and 16 % had obesity, with similar percentages for females and males in all three categories. Children were more likely to have a healthy weight if they were younger, had a lower waist-to-height (WHtR) ratio, a caregiver with a healthy weight and had housing affordability problems. For every extra hour of physical activity undertaken per day children were 7 % more likely to have a healthy weight.

Conclusions

Healthy weight prevalence decreased with increasing age and decreasing physical activity levels in Aboriginal children and was strongly linked to caregiver BMI.

Implications for public health

Implementing effective, community-led, culturally sensitive programs that support increased physical activity and promote healthy weight in childhood should be a public health priority.

目的探讨生活在澳大利亚城市和地区的土著儿童健康体重的保护因素。方法对1139名2-19岁的原住民儿童进行数据收集，数据来源于“环境对原住民弹性和儿童健康的影响”研究。BMI z分数是使用WHO年龄和性别特定截断值计算的。使用泊松回归模型来检验BMI z分数与儿童和家庭层面的社会人口统计学、生活方式和环境因素之间的关系。结果大多数儿童体重正常（67%）；17%的人超重，16%的人肥胖，在这三种情况下，女性和男性的比例相似。如果孩子年龄较小，腰高比较低，照顾者体重健康，并且有住房负担能力问题，那么他们更有可能拥有健康的体重。每天多锻炼一小时，孩子保持健康体重的可能性就会提高7%。结论土著儿童健康体重患病率随着年龄的增长和体力活动水平的降低而下降，并与照顾者的体重指数密切相关。实施有效的、社区主导的、对文化敏感的项目，支持儿童增加身体活动和促进健康体重，应该是公共卫生的优先事项。

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引用次数: 0

Resurgence of rheumatic fever among Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand: A 2010–2023 analysis of hospitalisation data with implications for equity policy 新西兰奥特罗阿太平洋地区人群风湿热死灰复燃：2010-2023年住院数据分析及其对公平政策的影响

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100301

Gerard JB. Sonder , Megan Pledger , Philip C. Hill , Debbie Ryan

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess ethnic, geographic and socioeconomic patterns in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease hospitalisations in New Zealand (2010–2023), evaluate the impact of public health interventions and identify gaps in national surveillance.

Methods

National hospitalisation and mortality data were analysed by ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and geography, including Counties Manukau and the Ōtara-Papatoetoe Locality. Negative binomial models estimated adjusted risk differences across three time periods.

Results

Acute rheumatic fever was disproportionately concentrated among Māori and Pacific peoples in the most socioeconomically deprived areas, with Pacific populations—particularly in Counties Manukau—experiencing the highest burden. Acute rheumatic fever declined among Māori during the Rheumatic Fever Prevention Programme but not among Pacific peoples. A sharp, temporary decline in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease hospitalisations occurred among Pacific populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by resurgence by 2023.

Conclusions

Persistent ethnic and geographic inequities in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease reflect ongoing surveillance gaps, inconsistent notification practices and uneven implementation of interventions. National targets remain unmet, and inequities are widening for some groups.

Implications for Public Health

Robust, standardised surveillance systems and equity-focused interventions—particularly for Pacific communities in Counties Manukau—are essential to reducing the preventable burden of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Aotearoa New Zealand.

目的：本研究的目的是评估新西兰（2010-2023年）急性风湿热和风湿性心脏病住院的种族、地理和社会经济模式，评估公共卫生干预措施的影响，并确定国家监测中的差距。方法：按种族、社会经济剥夺和地理（包括Manukau县和Ōtara-Papatoetoe地区）对全国住院和死亡率数据进行分析。负二项模型估计了三个时间段内调整后的风险差异。结果：急性风湿热不成比例地集中在Māori和太平洋地区最社会经济贫困地区的人群中，太平洋地区人口，特别是马努考县的人口，负担最重。在风湿热预防方案实施期间，Māori的急性风湿热发病率有所下降，但太平洋地区人民的发病率没有下降。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，太平洋人群中急性风湿热和风湿性心脏病住院人数出现了短暂的急剧下降，随后到2023年又出现了回升。结论：急性风湿热和风湿性心脏病的持续种族和地域不平等反映了持续的监测差距、不一致的通知做法和干预措施实施的不平衡。国家目标仍未实现，一些群体的不平等现象正在扩大。对公共卫生的影响：健全、标准化的监测系统和以公平为重点的干预措施——特别是对马努卡县的太平洋社区而言——对于减少新西兰奥特罗阿的急性风湿热和风湿性心脏病的可预防负担至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Early childhood weight status among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal children in Victoria, Australia: A repeated cross-sectional analysis 澳洲维多利亚州原住民、托雷斯海峡岛民与非原住民儿童的早期体重状况：重复横断面分析

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100299

Simone Sherriff (Wotjobaluk) , Jennifer Browne , Denise Becker , Nichole Lister (Wonnarua) , Fiona Mitchell (Mununjali) , Abe Ropitini (Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Maniapoto, Trawlwoolway) , Liliana Orellana , Melanie Nichols

Objective

To assess early childhood weight status among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal children in Victoria, focussing on age and geographic differences.

Methods

We analysed deidentified Maternal and Child Health records (2010-2015) across 68 Victorian Local Government Areas, comparing differences in Body Mass Index z-score (zBMI) and prevalence of healthy weight (1<zBMI ≤ 1) at 8 weeks, 4 months, 8 months, 1 year and 2 years. Disparities were examined by geographic remoteness and area-level socioeconomic position using linear mixed models.

Results

At 8 weeks, 70.5% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 70.7% of non-Aboriginal children had a healthy weight. Differences in zBMI at 8 weeks were only present among children in the least advantaged areas and major cities. Disparities in healthy zBMI appeared at 4 months and persisted through 2 years. From 4 months, zBMI was significantly higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (p<0.0001), including within socioeconomic and remoteness subgroups, except at age 2 in rural areas (p=0.34).

Conclusions

Disparities in weight status emerge from 4 months with place-based differences at 8 weeks.

Implications for public health

Findings underscore the importance of accessible, culturally safe maternal and infant health care and action on socioeconomic inequity.

目的评估维多利亚州原住民、托雷斯海峡岛民和非原住民儿童的早期体重状况，重点关注年龄和地理差异。方法：我们分析了维州68个地方政府辖区2010-2015年的孕产妇和儿童健康记录，比较了8周、4个月、8个月、1年和2年的体重指数z-score （zBMI）和健康体重（1<zBMI≤1）患病率的差异。利用线性混合模型考察了地理偏远程度和地区社会经济地位的差异。结果8周时，70.5%的土著和托雷斯海峡岛民儿童及70.7%的非土著儿童体重正常。8周时的zBMI差异仅存在于最贫困地区和主要城市的儿童中。健康zBMI的差异在4个月时出现，并持续了2年。从4个月开始，土著人和托雷斯海峡岛民儿童的zBMI显著较高（p= 0.0001），包括社会经济和偏远地区的亚组，但农村地区2岁时除外（p=0.34）。结论体重状况的差异从4个月开始出现，而基于地点的差异出现在8周。对公共卫生的影响调查结果强调了可获得的、文化上安全的孕产妇和婴儿保健以及对社会经济不平等采取行动的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Provider perspectives on heart healthcare inequities among Māori and Pacific Peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand: A qualitative study 提供者观点对心脏保健不平等Māori和太平洋人民在新西兰奥特罗阿：一项定性研究

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100303

Tua Taueetia-Su’a , Karen Marie Brewer , Shanthi Ameratunga , Sandra Hanchard , Vanessa Selak , Bridget Dicker , Jamie-Lee Rahiri , Corina Grey , Matire Harwood

Objective

We explored service providers’ views on evidence–practice gaps and inequities in heart health care for Māori and Pacific peoples, alongside solutions to address these issues.

Methods

Employing Kaupapa Māori and Pacific research methodologies, we recruited Māori, Pacific, and non-Māori/Pacific providers, purposively sampled from a range of disciplines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually and in focus groups. Differences in perspectives offered by Māori and Pacific providers are compared to those of non-Māori/Pacific providers.

Results

Twenty-three providers, identifying as Māori (6), Pacific (5), or non-Māori/Pacific (12), shared their views of the healthcare system, experiences of providing care, and observations of Māori and Pacific patient and whānau experiences. Results were grouped into three themes: Tikanga Māori and Fa’a Pasifika versus non-Māori/Pacific ways; gaps in the health system for Māori and Pacific patients; and solutions. Māori and Pacific providers emphasised structural determinants, systemic failures and workforce inadequacies underlying inequities.

Conclusions

There is a critical need for equity-focused, holistic and relational models of heart health care that are co-designed with Māori and Pacific patients and whānau, and delivered by a culturally safe workforce.

Implications for Public Health

Adequately resourced services, designed by and for Māori and Pacific peoples, have the potential to achieve equitable heart health care outcomes.

目的：我们探讨了服务提供者对Māori和太平洋人民心脏卫生保健的证据实践差距和不公平的看法，以及解决这些问题的解决方案。方法采用Kaupapa Māori和Pacific的研究方法，我们招募了Māori、Pacific和non-Māori/Pacific的供应商，有目的地从一系列学科中取样。半结构化访谈是单独和焦点小组进行的。将Māori和Pacific供应商提供的观点与non-Māori/Pacific供应商提供的观点进行比较。结果：Māori(6)、Pacific(5)、non-Māori/Pacific（12）等23家提供者分享了他们对医疗保健系统的看法、提供护理的经验、对Māori和Pacific患者的观察以及whānau的经验。结果分为三个主题：Tikanga Māori和Fa 'a Pasifika与non-Māori/Pacific方式；卫生系统中Māori和太平洋病人的差距；和解决方案。Māori和太平洋供应商强调了不平等背后的结构性决定因素、系统性失灵和劳动力不足。迫切需要与Māori、太平洋患者和whānau共同设计以公平为中心的、整体的和相关的心脏保健模式，并由文化上安全的工作人员提供。对公共卫生的影响由Māori和太平洋人民设计并为其服务的资源充足的服务有可能实现公平的心脏保健结果。

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引用次数: 0