As a result of a persistent and continuous process of acculturation and adjustment, the structure and functions of the Italian family in America have undergone a radical change from what they were in the Old World. The pattern tends to approximate that of the modern and urban American family. This shift from a peasant and patriarchal family to a democratic and highly individualized type produced conflict and disorganization in the first-generation Italian family and created in the second generation a strongly motivated orientation away from the Old World way of life.
{"title":"Ethnic family patterns; the Italian family in the United States.","authors":"P J CAMPISI","doi":"10.1086/220238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220238","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of a persistent and continuous process of acculturation and adjustment, the structure and functions of the Italian family in America have undergone a radical change from what they were in the Old World. The pattern tends to approximate that of the modern and urban American family. This shift from a peasant and patriarchal family to a democratic and highly individualized type produced conflict and disorganization in the first-generation Italian family and created in the second generation a strongly motivated orientation away from the Old World way of life.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 6","pages":"443-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27732865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The members of the medical profession are heavily dependent on a set of formal institutions and informal organizations. In an eastern American city here reported the established specialists constituted the inner core of the profession. This core functioned to control appointments to the medical institutions, to exclude or penalize intruders, to distribute patients, and to enforce rules and control competition. The influence of this inner core is crucially important in the careers of new recruits to medicine. The stages of a medical career are here set forth as a set of adjustments to this inner core and to the institutions it influences.
{"title":"The stages of a medical career.","authors":"O HALL","doi":"10.1086/220199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220199","url":null,"abstract":"The members of the medical profession are heavily dependent on a set of formal institutions and informal organizations. In an eastern American city here reported the established specialists constituted the inner core of the profession. This core functioned to control appointments to the medical institutions, to exclude or penalize intruders, to distribute patients, and to enforce rules and control competition. The influence of this inner core is crucially important in the careers of new recruits to medicine. The stages of a medical career are here set forth as a set of adjustments to this inner core and to the institutions it influences.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 5","pages":"327-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27780654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of psychopathy has had a long development in psychopathology. Earliest usage centered around such terms as "moral imbecility"; more recently, the designation "psychopathic personality" has been favored. There has been much argument about the validity of the concept "psychopathy" but relative agreement about the behavior which it specifies. This behavior may be called "asocial." It is expedient to use a sociological approach in its analysis. The sociological theory of role-playing provides a synthesis of the known facts of psychopathy, in addition to suggesting deductive hypotheses which may be submitted to empirical test.
{"title":"A sociological theory of psychopathy.","authors":"H G GOUGH","doi":"10.1086/220203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220203","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of psychopathy has had a long development in psychopathology. Earliest usage centered around such terms as \"moral imbecility\"; more recently, the designation \"psychopathic personality\" has been favored. There has been much argument about the validity of the concept \"psychopathy\" but relative agreement about the behavior which it specifies. This behavior may be called \"asocial.\" It is expedient to use a sociological approach in its analysis. The sociological theory of role-playing provides a synthesis of the known facts of psychopathy, in addition to suggesting deductive hypotheses which may be submitted to empirical test.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 5","pages":"359-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27780659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relations between two "races," Pokomám Indians and ladinos, in a Guatemalan community are described. This situation is similar to some others in Latin America in that no conflict is involved. A tentative explanation is offered, based on the fact that the two groups have parallel cultures, oriented toward distinct goals. Thus, the two groups are culturally isolated rather than physically segregated, which is the reverse of the racial situation in North America.
{"title":"Race relations without conflict; a Guatemalan town.","authors":"J GILLIN","doi":"10.1086/220200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220200","url":null,"abstract":"The relations between two \"races,\" Pokomám Indians and ladinos, in a Guatemalan community are described. This situation is similar to some others in Latin America in that no conflict is involved. A tentative explanation is offered, based on the fact that the two groups have parallel cultures, oriented toward distinct goals. Thus, the two groups are culturally isolated rather than physically segregated, which is the reverse of the racial situation in North America.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 5","pages":"337-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27780655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1948-02-01DOI: 10.1097/00006254-194802000-00043
C. Tietze
{"title":"Human fertility in Puerto Rico.","authors":"C. Tietze","doi":"10.1097/00006254-194802000-00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-194802000-00043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"25 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76956504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1948-02-01DOI: 10.1097/00006254-194802000-00044
W. A. Anderson
{"title":"The spacing of births in the families of university graduates.","authors":"W. A. Anderson","doi":"10.1097/00006254-194802000-00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-194802000-00044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"9 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88299419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study of the formation and continuity of an artificial group, the regular Army and Navy, indicates some of the psychosociological reasons why certain individuals and their families cling to the regular-service myth and cherish and promote it. Certain intragroup institutional influences impede the normal maturation of the regular-service personality. These institutional forces are (I) kinship, (2) tradition, (3) occupation, and (4), most important of all, individual gains in security. The genesis of the regular-service myth is to be found in the service academies. This myth is promoted by all members of the regular establishment. Upon the success of this indoctrination depends the strength of the group.
{"title":"The regular-service myth.","authors":"H MULLAN","doi":"10.1086/220173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220173","url":null,"abstract":"This study of the formation and continuity of an artificial group, the regular Army and Navy, indicates some of the psychosociological reasons why certain individuals and their families cling to the regular-service myth and cherish and promote it. Certain intragroup institutional influences impede the normal maturation of the regular-service personality. These institutional forces are (I) kinship, (2) tradition, (3) occupation, and (4), most important of all, individual gains in security. The genesis of the regular-service myth is to be found in the service academies. This myth is promoted by all members of the regular establishment. Upon the success of this indoctrination depends the strength of the group.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 4","pages":"276-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27790396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About five hundred students in an eastern coeducational college supplied information regarding their courtship behavior and completed the Bell Adjustment Inventory. Analysis of the data shows that the onset and frequency of dating are more closely related to the social than to the emotional factor in personality. On the other hand, in accounting for the onset and frequency of "going steady," the emotional factor plays a bigger part. Students who start "going steady" in junior high school or earlier and who change "steadies" frequently are likely to be the emotionally maladjusted. Also, irrespective of educational level, students who "go steady" contrary to the wishes of their parents are inclined to be emotionally maladjusted.
{"title":"Courtship and personality.","authors":"M F NIMKOFF, A L WOOD","doi":"10.1086/220171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220171","url":null,"abstract":"About five hundred students in an eastern coeducational college supplied information regarding their courtship behavior and completed the Bell Adjustment Inventory. Analysis of the data shows that the onset and frequency of dating are more closely related to the social than to the emotional factor in personality. On the other hand, in accounting for the onset and frequency of \"going steady,\" the emotional factor plays a bigger part. Students who start \"going steady\" in junior high school or earlier and who change \"steadies\" frequently are likely to be the emotionally maladjusted. Also, irrespective of educational level, students who \"go steady\" contrary to the wishes of their parents are inclined to be emotionally maladjusted.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 4","pages":"263-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27790394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mormon fertility is responsive to both religious and socioeconomic pressures; while maintaining itself at a level significantly above that of the rest of the nation, it is, at the same time, paralleling the general downward trend. Sampled Mormon university students desire larger families than do non-Mormons by about 50 per cent, but families smaller, nevertheless, than those that they came from. Slightly over half believe in birth control within marriage, a figure that is probably higher than for their ancestors but lower than for contemporary non-Mormons. The expense of child-rearing is given as the major reason for wainting to limit the family.
{"title":"Mormon fertility; a survey of student opinion.","authors":"H T CHRISTENSEN","doi":"10.1086/220172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220172","url":null,"abstract":"Mormon fertility is responsive to both religious and socioeconomic pressures; while maintaining itself at a level significantly above that of the rest of the nation, it is, at the same time, paralleling the general downward trend. Sampled Mormon university students desire larger families than do non-Mormons by about 50 per cent, but families smaller, nevertheless, than those that they came from. Slightly over half believe in birth control within marriage, a figure that is probably higher than for their ancestors but lower than for contemporary non-Mormons. The expense of child-rearing is given as the major reason for wainting to limit the family.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 4","pages":"270-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27790395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The population growth of native peoples is an inevitable result of European cultural incursion. The expansion of Europe carries in its wake a disruption of the balance of numbers in non-European societies. The populations, especially of preliterate peoples, tend to be transformed from relatively stationary, near optimal numbers to aggregates which follow the Malthusian law of the increasing pressure of numbers on the food supply. The disequilibrium thus created is apparently neither guided nor restrained by the motives, expectations, and plans of either the cultural invader or the culturally invaded. It seems rather to follow from impersonal forces which weaken population checks and stimulate population growth.
{"title":"Culture contacts and population growth.","authors":"E N PALMER","doi":"10.1086/220170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220170","url":null,"abstract":"The population growth of native peoples is an inevitable result of European cultural incursion. The expansion of Europe carries in its wake a disruption of the balance of numbers in non-European societies. The populations, especially of preliterate peoples, tend to be transformed from relatively stationary, near optimal numbers to aggregates which follow the Malthusian law of the increasing pressure of numbers on the food supply. The disequilibrium thus created is apparently neither guided nor restrained by the motives, expectations, and plans of either the cultural invader or the culturally invaded. It seems rather to follow from impersonal forces which weaken population checks and stimulate population growth.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 4","pages":"258-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27790393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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