The effectiveness of any attempt to rehabilitate penal inmates is largely dependent upon the capacity of penal workers to achieve a relationship with them which will not evoke defensive conduct. Workers tend to direct interviews in such a way that past and present difficulties appear to emphasize the inmate's personal deficiencies. This hinders insight and accentuates his differences from the noncriminal world. A technique of interviewing which will lead the inmate to see his past and present life in terms of social setting is described.
{"title":"Socioanalysis; a new approach to criminology.","authors":"M C GRECO","doi":"10.1086/220175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220175","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of any attempt to rehabilitate penal inmates is largely dependent upon the capacity of penal workers to achieve a relationship with them which will not evoke defensive conduct. Workers tend to direct interviews in such a way that past and present difficulties appear to emphasize the inmate's personal deficiencies. This hinders insight and accentuates his differences from the noncriminal world. A technique of interviewing which will lead the inmate to see his past and present life in terms of social setting is described.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 4","pages":"289-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1948-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27790397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional sociological studies of social class in the United States have tended to concern themselves either with economic factors or with subjective class consciousness. But social class may profitably be used as an objective cultural concept indicating cultural divisions. As part of a larger study, the novel Kitty Foyle is analysed from this point of view.
{"title":"Kitty Foyle and the concept of class as culture.","authors":"M M GORDON","doi":"10.1086/220143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220143","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional sociological studies of social class in the United States have tended to concern themselves either with economic factors or with subjective class consciousness. But social class may profitably be used as an objective cultural concept indicating cultural divisions. As part of a larger study, the novel Kitty Foyle is analysed from this point of view.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 3","pages":"210-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28808104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A survey of the procedures actually used in the social sciences to define their basic concepts reveals four types of definitions: verbal, inductive, imposed, and operational. The advantages and disadvantages of the procedures are discussed, and to each an adequate place in scientific research is assigned.
{"title":"Definitions in the social sciences.","authors":"N S TIMASHEFF","doi":"10.1086/220142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220142","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of the procedures actually used in the social sciences to define their basic concepts reveals four types of definitions: verbal, inductive, imposed, and operational. The advantages and disadvantages of the procedures are discussed, and to each an adequate place in scientific research is assigned.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 3","pages":"201-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28808103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social scientists and psychiatrists, though working with the same material, arrive at different results because of the use of different approaches and techniques. The following viewpoints are discussed: emphasis on the social versus the individual aspect, the physical and the external versus the emotional, the conscious versus the unconscious, and the descriptive, "objective" study versus the therapeutic.
{"title":"A psychiatrist looks at the social scientists.","authors":"B KARPMAN","doi":"10.1086/220118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220118","url":null,"abstract":"Social scientists and psychiatrists, though working with the same material, arrive at different results because of the use of different approaches and techniques. The following viewpoints are discussed: emphasis on the social versus the individual aspect, the physical and the external versus the emotional, the conscious versus the unconscious, and the descriptive, \"objective\" study versus the therapeutic.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 2","pages":"131-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28800299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biograms are life-stories by persons who are members of a selected social group, written in compliance with specific directions as to content and form and for the purpose of obtaining mass data. Biograms are distinguished from autobiographies and life-histories. They are of value in the study of social change and aid in the discovery of patterns underlying social behavior.
{"title":"The nature and use of biograms.","authors":"T ABEL","doi":"10.1086/220115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220115","url":null,"abstract":"Biograms are life-stories by persons who are members of a selected social group, written in compliance with specific directions as to content and form and for the purpose of obtaining mass data. Biograms are distinguished from autobiographies and life-histories. They are of value in the study of social change and aid in the discovery of patterns underlying social behavior.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 2","pages":"111-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28800298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negro anti-Semitism involves changes in the class structure of Negro society and the accompanying social movements, such as the rise of a Negro business spirit and Negro business chauvinism. Business associations within the Negro community, among Negro and white merchants, reflect these movements and the tensions that ensue from the struggle of Negro businessmen to win consumer-patronage from white merchants in superior competitive positions. Because of the ethnic character of these white merchants, the antagonism has taken the form of anti-Semitism.
{"title":"The Negro merchant: a study of Negro anti-Semitism.","authors":"H L SHEPPARD","doi":"10.1086/220112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220112","url":null,"abstract":"Negro anti-Semitism involves changes in the class structure of Negro society and the accompanying social movements, such as the rise of a Negro business spirit and Negro business chauvinism. Business associations within the Negro community, among Negro and white merchants, reflect these movements and the tensions that ensue from the struggle of Negro businessmen to win consumer-patronage from white merchants in superior competitive positions. Because of the ethnic character of these white merchants, the antagonism has taken the form of anti-Semitism.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 2","pages":"96-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28800296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the growth of industry and cities the large family household in Japan is disappearing. The trend is most marked in the cities, where married sons sometimes establish homes of their own. Nevertheless, urban households are larger than in European cities because of the presence of consanguinates of several generations and of boarders.
{"title":"Family organization in present-day Japan.","authors":"K MATSUMIYA","doi":"10.1086/220114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220114","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of industry and cities the large family household in Japan is disappearing. The trend is most marked in the cities, where married sons sometimes establish homes of their own. Nevertheless, urban households are larger than in European cities because of the presence of consanguinates of several generations and of boarders.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 2","pages":"105-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28800297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 944 completed families of Cornell University graduates of the classes of 1919, 1920, and 1921, first births occur about 2.5-2.9 years after marriage. The intervals between successive births ar usually longer than the interval between marriage and the first birth. In families of a given size the average length of the interval increases for each successive birth, the first birth coming after the shortest time interval and the last usually after the largest. Inquiry is being made to discover whether this spacing pattern is social or biological.
{"title":"The spacing of births in the families of university graduates.","authors":"W A ANDERSON","doi":"10.1086/220089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220089","url":null,"abstract":"In 944 completed families of Cornell University graduates of the classes of 1919, 1920, and 1921, first births occur about 2.5-2.9 years after marriage. The intervals between successive births ar usually longer than the interval between marriage and the first birth. In families of a given size the average length of the interval increases for each successive birth, the first birth coming after the shortest time interval and the last usually after the largest. Inquiry is being made to discover whether this spacing pattern is social or biological.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28803036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of white contacts on two Hopi communities of similar geographic environment and similar cultural heritage has differed significantly. In the one, changes have proceeded according to an essentially integrative pattern, while in the other it has ben disruptive. An inquiry into this problem, by the use of psychological as well as anthropological techniques, reveals the far-reaching significance of the ceremonial system in maintaining the delicate balance of the Hopi social system and personality.
{"title":"White pressures on Indian personality and culture.","authors":"L THOMPSON, A JOSEPH","doi":"10.1086/220088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220088","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of white contacts on two Hopi communities of similar geographic environment and similar cultural heritage has differed significantly. In the one, changes have proceeded according to an essentially integrative pattern, while in the other it has ben disruptive. An inquiry into this problem, by the use of psychological as well as anthropological techniques, reveals the far-reaching significance of the ceremonial system in maintaining the delicate balance of the Hopi social system and personality.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28803035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gross reproduction ratio of Puerto Rico has remained unchanged at a level of 2.5 from 1899 to 1940. This has resulted from a decline of marital fertility of about 25 per cent, balanced by an increased frequency of the married state. The decline of marital fertility has been greater in urban than in rural areas. Many Puerto Ricans are aware of population pressure in their island, and for the last twelve years a number of governmentally or privately sponsored contraceptive services have been in operation. Voluntary sterilization is also widely practiced.
{"title":"Human fertility in Puerto Rico.","authors":"C TIETZE","doi":"10.1086/220090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220090","url":null,"abstract":"The gross reproduction ratio of Puerto Rico has remained unchanged at a level of 2.5 from 1899 to 1940. This has resulted from a decline of marital fertility of about 25 per cent, balanced by an increased frequency of the married state. The decline of marital fertility has been greater in urban than in rural areas. Many Puerto Ricans are aware of population pressure in their island, and for the last twelve years a number of governmentally or privately sponsored contraceptive services have been in operation. Voluntary sterilization is also widely practiced.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"53 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1947-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28803037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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