While all human associations are entered into because of some ulterior interests, there is in all of them a residue of pure sociability or association for its own sake. Sociability it the art or play form of association, related to the content and purposes of association in the same way as art is related to reality. While sociable interaction centers upon persons, it can occur only if the more serious purposes of the individual are kept out, so that it is an interaction not of complete but of symbolic and equal personalities. While it is a departure from reality, there is no deceit in it unless one of the persons involved tries to exploit it.
{"title":"The sociology of sociability (transl.).","authors":"G SIMMEL","doi":"10.1086/220534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220534","url":null,"abstract":"While all human associations are entered into because of some ulterior interests, there is in all of them a residue of pure sociability or association for its own sake. Sociability it the art or play form of association, related to the content and purposes of association in the same way as art is related to reality. While sociable interaction centers upon persons, it can occur only if the more serious purposes of the individual are kept out, so that it is an interaction not of complete but of symbolic and equal personalities. While it is a departure from reality, there is no deceit in it unless one of the persons involved tries to exploit it.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 3","pages":"254-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24706269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Of 136 southern urban Negro mothers, approximately one-half had unfavorable attitudes toward birth-control practices. Religious or moral reasons and a belief that birth-control practices are inefficient or injurious to health were the chief reasons given. Age, number of children, urban or rural bithplace, and amount of education appear to be associated with differential attitudes toward birth control.
{"title":"Attitudes of the Negro mother toward birth control.","authors":"P VALIEN, A P FITZGERALD","doi":"10.1086/220537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220537","url":null,"abstract":"Of 136 southern urban Negro mothers, approximately one-half had unfavorable attitudes toward birth-control practices. Religious or moral reasons and a belief that birth-control practices are inefficient or injurious to health were the chief reasons given. Age, number of children, urban or rural bithplace, and amount of education appear to be associated with differential attitudes toward birth control.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 3","pages":"279-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24714947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three distinctive types of medical careers are isolated. They are described in terms of how patients are attracted, retained, and passed on to other doctors, how each doctor fits into the system of medical institutions, and how he relates himself to his colleagues.
{"title":"Types of medical careers.","authors":"O HALL","doi":"10.1086/220533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220533","url":null,"abstract":"Three distinctive types of medical careers are isolated. They are described in terms of how patients are attracted, retained, and passed on to other doctors, how each doctor fits into the system of medical institutions, and how he relates himself to his colleagues.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 3","pages":"243-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24702655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a study of the relationship between migration and occupational mobility during the depression of 1930-35. Intra-Michigan migrants to Flint and Grand Rapids are compared as to post-migration occupational mobility with matched groups of nonmigrants at the points of departure and at the destination of the migration. In each comparison the occupational mobility of the migrants is found to be no less than 2.7 times greater than that of the nonmigrants. The greater post-migration occupational mobility of the migrants is not a result of either high unemployment rates or high rates of occupational mobility before migration.
{"title":"Migration and occupational mobility in the depression.","authors":"R FREEDMAN, A H HAWLEY","doi":"10.1086/220487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220487","url":null,"abstract":"This is a study of the relationship between migration and occupational mobility during the depression of 1930-35. Intra-Michigan migrants to Flint and Grand Rapids are compared as to post-migration occupational mobility with matched groups of nonmigrants at the points of departure and at the destination of the migration. In each comparison the occupational mobility of the migrants is found to be no less than 2.7 times greater than that of the nonmigrants. The greater post-migration occupational mobility of the migrants is not a result of either high unemployment rates or high rates of occupational mobility before migration.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 2","pages":"171-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27169298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four theoretical types of population growth cycles are presented. Growth cycles from lower death rates in combination with stationary birth rates seem to have characterized preindustrial societies. A growth cycle resulting from a lag of the birth rate behind the death rate while both are declining appears to have accompanied industrialization. Future growth cycles in industrialized societies will probably depend upon increased birth rates in combination with "sticky" death rates. The fourth theoretical cycle in which death rates lag behind birth rates while both increase has neither precedent nor prospect.
{"title":"The theory of population growth cycles.","authors":"D O COWGILL","doi":"10.1086/220486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220486","url":null,"abstract":"Four theoretical types of population growth cycles are presented. Growth cycles from lower death rates in combination with stationary birth rates seem to have characterized preindustrial societies. A growth cycle resulting from a lag of the birth rate behind the death rate while both are declining appears to have accompanied industrialization. Future growth cycles in industrialized societies will probably depend upon increased birth rates in combination with \"sticky\" death rates. The fourth theoretical cycle in which death rates lag behind birth rates while both increase has neither precedent nor prospect.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 2","pages":"163-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27178988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Socioeconomic charateristics failed to explain the variations in ethnic hostility found in an intensively studied group of veterans. A significant association emerged between ethnic hostility and social mobility, as well as feelings of deprivation. The character of the person's controls, particularly his tendency to submit to social controls, accounted for tolerance of minorities in line with the level of the community's "tolerance" of these minorities. The stereotypes used to describe Jews and Negroes are related to the individual's defensive needs.
{"title":"Ethnic tolerance; a function of social and personal control.","authors":"B BETTELHEIM, M JANOWITZ","doi":"10.1086/220483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220483","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic charateristics failed to explain the variations in ethnic hostility found in an intensively studied group of veterans. A significant association emerged between ethnic hostility and social mobility, as well as feelings of deprivation. The character of the person's controls, particularly his tendency to submit to social controls, accounted for tolerance of minorities in line with the level of the community's \"tolerance\" of these minorities. The stereotypes used to describe Jews and Negroes are related to the individual's defensive needs.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 2","pages":"137-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27166796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fool is a social type having certain definable roles and a special status and function in group life. Fools represent departures from group norms of propriety which are subject to the sanction of ridicule. Fool-making is a continuous social process and operates to enforce propierty and to adjust status.
{"title":"The fool as a social type.","authors":"O E KLAPP","doi":"10.1086/220485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220485","url":null,"abstract":"The fool is a social type having certain definable roles and a special status and function in group life. Fools represent departures from group norms of propriety which are subject to the sanction of ridicule. Fool-making is a continuous social process and operates to enforce propierty and to adjust status.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 2","pages":"157-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27166797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The far-reaching changes which are everywhere apparent in rural life have as yet failed to produce any agreement as to fundamental causes. These may be discovered in the interdependence of rural technology, sentiment systems, relational structures, and social classes. This interdependence, as well as the transformation, is revealed in the manner in which the agricultural activities are organized in relation to technology. The nature of such co-operative effortsand their significance to changing rural social organization is describe here.
{"title":"Rural social organization and co-operative labor.","authors":"S T KIMBALL","doi":"10.1086/220450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220450","url":null,"abstract":"The far-reaching changes which are everywhere apparent in rural life have as yet failed to produce any agreement as to fundamental causes. These may be discovered in the interdependence of rural technology, sentiment systems, relational structures, and social classes. This interdependence, as well as the transformation, is revealed in the manner in which the agricultural activities are organized in relation to technology. The nature of such co-operative effortsand their significance to changing rural social organization is describe here.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 1","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27186513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
West Indian Negro society is bounded by poverty and color frustration. The island of Jamaica is taken as typical of society in the Caribbean. The family or domestic group in this society can be regarded as a phenomenon sui generis. Four types can be distinguished: Christian family, faithful concubinage, maternal, or grandmother, family, and keeper family. These familial forms exhibit a marked degree of stability. But they can be regarded as indicative of the disequilibrium inherent in the society. The contemporary family structure of the Negro in the New World is the result of plantation slavery rather than of a West Arican tradition.
{"title":"West Indian family organization.","authors":"F HENRIQUES","doi":"10.1086/220449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220449","url":null,"abstract":"West Indian Negro society is bounded by poverty and color frustration. The island of Jamaica is taken as typical of society in the Caribbean. The family or domestic group in this society can be regarded as a phenomenon sui generis. Four types can be distinguished: Christian family, faithful concubinage, maternal, or grandmother, family, and keeper family. These familial forms exhibit a marked degree of stability. But they can be regarded as indicative of the disequilibrium inherent in the society. The contemporary family structure of the Negro in the New World is the result of plantation slavery rather than of a West Arican tradition.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 1","pages":"30-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27181316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an attempt to isolate predictive correlates of the publishing of articles and books by social scientists, a questionnaire was sent out. It inquired into the relationships between amount and quality of publication by social scientists and various educational factors. Several of the factors studied are found to show potential utility for predicting productivity.
{"title":"The productivity of social scientists.","authors":"B N MELTZER","doi":"10.1086/220448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/220448","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to isolate predictive correlates of the publishing of articles and books by social scientists, a questionnaire was sent out. It inquired into the relationships between amount and quality of publication by social scientists and various educational factors. Several of the factors studied are found to show potential utility for predicting productivity.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"55 1","pages":"25-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1949-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/220448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27186512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：