Australian Veterinary Journal最新文献

There is limited published information on Malva parviflora toxicosis in horses. Four previously reported cases all resulted in death or euthanasia. The aim of this cluster investigation was to describe historical, clinical and clinicopathological findings of four ponies with suspected M. parviflora toxicosis and compare these to previously reported cases. Historical, clinical and clinicopathological findings were collated. Ponies were grazing pasture of approximately >90% M. parviflora. Pony 1 died rapidly without veterinary examination. Pony 2 was examined for prolonged recumbency attributed to severe myopathy and was subjected to euthanasia. Ponies 3 and 4 remained clinically normal. Pony 2 displayed markedly increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and cardiac troponin I (CTnI) concentration. Pony 3 had moderately increased plasma CK and AST activities and normal plasma CTnI concentration. Pony 4 had moderately increased plasma AST activity, with normal plasma CK activity and CTnI concentration. Plasma acyl carnitine profiles of Ponies 2 and 3 were consistent with previous suspected cases of equine M. parviflora toxicosis, but Pony 4's acyl carnitine profile was not different from healthy control horses. Pony 2 was typical of previously reported cases of M. parviflora toxicosis, but Pony 3 did not develop clinical signs despite a consistent acyl carnitine profile. Pony 4 likely did not have M. parviflora toxicosis. The findings of Pony 3 suggest M. parviflora toxicosis can be subclinical, and survival is possible in such cases. Further work is needed to determine the progression of disease from M. parviflora ingestion.

The aim of this case report was to present the outcomes of minimally invasive surgical treatment of a rare and atypical form of an elbow joint luxation, known as ‘divergent dislocation of the elbow’ in a dog. Initially, a closed reduction of the dislocated elbow joint was performed, then surgical treatment was decided. A small incision was made on the caudal side of the ulna, then a 2 mm Kirschner wire was inserted from the caudal aspect of the proximal ulna to the radial neck. Following that, a 20 mm, 2.4 mm cortical screw was placed, securing the luxated radius to the ulna. All the procedures were undertaken under fluoroscopic guidance. Postoperative radiographs confirmed the anatomical reduction and the correct positioning of the implant. At 10 days postoperatively, the first follow-up radiographs showed no signs of reluxation. However, the dog couldn't fully support the weight on the leg. One month postoperatively, the dog could fully bear weight on the leg, the range of motion was within normal limits, and no complications were observed on the radiographs. The minimally invasive treatment of divergent dislocation of the elbow using cortical screws has not been previously reported. We believe that since only a disruption of the annular ligament was noted, a reduction using a cortical screw with a minimally invasive technique was sufficient to ensure a successful reduction of the elbow joint.

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism is a metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance in calcium homeostasis and is typically associated with the feeding of a calcium-deficient diet. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism has been reported in domestic species, including cats and dogs, as well as captive carnivores and wildlife including lions, tigers, servals and skunks. Captive carnivores are typically fed a raw-meat diet, which can be severely deficient in calcium if not appropriately balanced or supplemented. Three juvenile servals (Leptailurus serval) presented with seizures, ataxia and neuromuscular deficits. One serval was euthanased due to the severity of clinical signs. Another serval suffered a seizure, aspirated and arrested while in care. Both animals had hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Radiographic signs of osteopaenia, clinical pathology and dietary history supported a diagnosis of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. A third serval, which developed a pathological fracture, was successfully managed with dietary correction and cage confinement. This report describes this presentation of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism with seizures and the diagnostic process used to rule out other causes of neurological signs for this litter with an incomplete vaccination schedule and recent history of weaning and interstate transport.

Goodwin G, Monteiro BP, Grimm K et al. Letter to Editor in response to “Acute kidney injury in 18 cats after subcutaneous meloxicam and an update on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage in feline patients in Australia”. Aust Vet J 2023;101:411–412. 10.1111/avj.13279

In the original Letter to the Editor, no conflict of interest statement from the authors was published. It was an oversight by the publisher not to have included it. The below conflict of interest statement outlines any perceived competing interests of the authors. We apologise for this error.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

At the time of writing, W.G. declares that she had received research support, consultancy fees and/or honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Jurox Pty Ltd and Invetus Pty Ltd. These relationships have not inappropriately influenced the content of this manuscript, and all scientific judgments are her own. She authored the letter on behalf of the Veterinary Anaesthesia & Analgesia Chapter of the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists (ANZCVS), and all Chapter members were given the opportunity to provide comments on the letter prior to submission. P.S. has provided consultancy services to, and received honoraria from, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dechra, Elanco, Nexyon, Vetoquinol, Virbac and Zoetis. B.M. has provided consultancy services to and received honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Elanco, Vetoquinol and Zoetis. B.M. and P.S. co-authored this letter while members of the WSAVA Pain Committee. At the time of writing, K.G. did not have any active consulting agreements in place with any group. He had done some education and speaking on behalf of Zoetis and Elanco in the years prior to that. K.G. co-authored the letter while president of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (ACVAA).

The consequences of large-volume hepatectomy on the remaining liver in the dog are not documented. This case report documents a progressive hepatopathy after central division hepatectomy in a 10-year-old female Lhasa Apso dog. Serum biochemistry at presentation for chronic urinary incontinence indicated a hepatopathy, with a liver mass identified on subsequent ultrasound. Referral for computed tomography (CT) (day 76) demonstrated a central division liver mass (~204cm³). A central division hepatectomy (right medial and quadrate lobes; gallbladder) was performed, with microscopic examination confirming a hepatocellular carcinoma. Serial biochemistry over a three-and-a-half-year follow-up documented progressive hepatopathy. Serial CT hepatic volumetry (day 76, 136, 1041) documented gross enlargement of the residual right lateral liver lobe and gross reduction of the residual left medial and lateral liver lobes. Biopsies of the left and right liver (day 187) demonstrated disparate pathology with microscopic features consistent with regeneration in the right liver and elevated portal vein pressure (PVP) in the left liver. This report documents progressive hepatopathy evidenced by serum biochemistry, disparate and persistent gross liver changes on posthepatectomy CT, and microscopic changes consistent with elevated PVP. Findings from this case demonstrate similarities to posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and small-for-size-and-flow syndrome (SFSS) as reported in people and animal models. The progressive hepatopathy posthepatectomy in this case prompts consideration and further investigation for the development of PHLF and SFSS in the dog.

Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential cause of anaesthetic mortality in dogs. The time delay between anaesthetic recovery, onset of clinical signs and any subsequent mortality may result in under-recognition of this complication. This review aimed to explore the literature reporting dogs with severe AKI after general anaesthesia and surgery. Firstly, to determine the time course between anaesthesia recovery and onset of clinical signs, and between recovery and any mortality. Secondly, to identify the common clinical signs and signalment of dogs with perioperative AKI. PubMed and CAB abstracts data bases using the terms “(acute kidney injury OR acute renal failure) AND dog AND (anaesthesia OR surgery)”; and ResearchRabbit were searched. Peer reviewed publications in English describing dogs that developed AKI with overt clinical signs after anaesthesia were included. Number of postoperative days until onset of clinical signs and death; along with signalment and the reported clinical signs leading to AKI diagnosis were extracted. Nine publications describing a total of 31 dogs were included in the review. Clinical signs were typically first seen 2–4 days postoperatively (range 1–14). Death/euthanasia occurred in 5 dogs; between 3 and 60 days postoperatively. Persistent renal dysfunction occurred in 4 survivors. The most common clinical signs were anorexia, lethargy, polyuria/polydipsia and vomiting. Female and larger breed dogs especially Labradors and Golden Retrievers were overrepresented. Knowledge of this time course may improve postoperative monitoring and recognition of perioperative AKI in dogs.