The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized at various precursor concentrations i.e. 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 M by biosynthesis method based on Pometia pinnata Leaf Extracts. Initial nanoparticle concentration influenced the optical bandgap, shape, and structure of nanoparticles. The photodegradation process was carried out under UV illumination. The efficiency of MB degradation was determined by measuring the decrease in MB concentration and by analyzing the optical absorption at 663 nm recorded by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed that the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited efficient photodegradation of MB, with a maximum degradation rate of 80% after 90 minutes of exposure to UV-C light. The study highlights the potential of Pometia pinnata leaf extracts as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles for use in environmental remediation processes
{"title":"Investigating the Influence of Precursor Concentration on the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue using Biosynthesized ZnO from Pometia pinnata Leaf Extracts","authors":"A. S. Rini, Y. Rati, Seliana Putri, R. Dewi","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9176","url":null,"abstract":"The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized at various precursor concentrations i.e. 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 M by biosynthesis method based on Pometia pinnata Leaf Extracts. Initial nanoparticle concentration influenced the optical bandgap, shape, and structure of nanoparticles. The photodegradation process was carried out under UV illumination. The efficiency of MB degradation was determined by measuring the decrease in MB concentration and by analyzing the optical absorption at 663 nm recorded by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed that the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited efficient photodegradation of MB, with a maximum degradation rate of 80% after 90 minutes of exposure to UV-C light. The study highlights the potential of Pometia pinnata leaf extracts as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles for use in environmental remediation processes","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lung cancer is one of the most serious and prevalent diseases, causing many deaths each year. Though CT scan images are mostly used in the diagnosis of cancer, the assessment of scans is an error-prone and time-consuming task. Machine learning and AI-based models can identify and classify types of lung cancer quite accurately, which helps in the early-stage detection of lung cancer that can increase the survival rate. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network is used to classify Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and normal case CT scan images from the Chest CT Scan Images Dataset using different combinations of hidden layers and parameters in CNN models. The proposed model was trained on 1000 CT Scan Images of cancerous and non-cancerous cells to find the best combination of parameters in CNN to predict lung cancer accurately. The proposed system recorded the highest accuracy of 92.79%. In addition to that, the paper addresses 192 observations made using the CNN model.
{"title":"An Observation and Analysis the role of Convolutional Neural Network towards Lung Cancer Prediction","authors":"Suranjana Mitra, A. B. Majumder, Tanusree Saha","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9029","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is one of the most serious and prevalent diseases, causing many deaths each year. Though CT scan images are mostly used in the diagnosis of cancer, the assessment of scans is an error-prone and time-consuming task. Machine learning and AI-based models can identify and classify types of lung cancer quite accurately, which helps in the early-stage detection of lung cancer that can increase the survival rate. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network is used to classify Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and normal case CT scan images from the Chest CT Scan Images Dataset using different combinations of hidden layers and parameters in CNN models. The proposed model was trained on 1000 CT Scan Images of cancerous and non-cancerous cells to find the best combination of parameters in CNN to predict lung cancer accurately. The proposed system recorded the highest accuracy of 92.79%. In addition to that, the paper addresses 192 observations made using the CNN model. ","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"83 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mohammed, Enaam Fadel Mousa, A. H. Hamed, Mansor Ahmad
Two homopolymeric and three copolymeric additives for base oil were synthesized using octyl acrylate (OA) and tert-butyl acrylamide (TBA) monomers. The two additives named P1 and P2 are the homopolymers of TBA and OA, respectively, whereas copolymeric additives named Co1, Co2, and Co3 were synthesized by varying the ratios of TBA:OA as 1:3, 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The prepared polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Based on the solubility of synthesized polymers in base oil and reactivity ratios of TBA/OA copolymer (0.222, 0.434) calculated by Fineman-Ross method, P2, Co1, Co2 and Co3 were selected to evaluate their performance as pour point depressant (PPD), viscosity improver (VII), and anticorrosion additives in base oil. Additives P2 and Co1 showed the best performance as (PPD) and (VII) whereas Co2 and Co3 revealed the best performance as anticorrosion additives. The flash point of base oil increased as a concentration of polymeric additives increased in the base oil. In addition to study the performance of synthesized polymers as lubricant additives, the capability of polymers for removing CuII from synthetic wastewater was also investigated. Different parameters such as pH of solution, contact time, and CuII concentration were changed in order to study their effect on adsorption capacity of polymers. Generally, polymers with high TBA content such as P1, Co2, and Co3 showed good performance in removing CuII.
{"title":"Synthesis of Multifunctional Polymers Based on Tert-Butyl Acrylamide/Octyl Acrylate as Lubricant Additives and Adsorbents for Copper Ion from Aqueous Solution","authors":"A. Mohammed, Enaam Fadel Mousa, A. H. Hamed, Mansor Ahmad","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9095","url":null,"abstract":"Two homopolymeric and three copolymeric additives for base oil were synthesized using octyl acrylate (OA) and tert-butyl acrylamide (TBA) monomers. The two additives named P1 and P2 are the homopolymers of TBA and OA, respectively, whereas copolymeric additives named Co1, Co2, and Co3 were synthesized by varying the ratios of TBA:OA as 1:3, 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. The prepared polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Based on the solubility of synthesized polymers in base oil and reactivity ratios of TBA/OA copolymer (0.222, 0.434) calculated by Fineman-Ross method, P2, Co1, Co2 and Co3 were selected to evaluate their performance as pour point depressant (PPD), viscosity improver (VII), and anticorrosion additives in base oil. Additives P2 and Co1 showed the best performance as (PPD) and (VII) whereas Co2 and Co3 revealed the best performance as anticorrosion additives. The flash point of base oil increased as a concentration of polymeric additives increased in the base oil. In addition to study the performance of synthesized polymers as lubricant additives, the capability of polymers for removing CuII from synthetic wastewater was also investigated. Different parameters such as pH of solution, contact time, and CuII concentration were changed in order to study their effect on adsorption capacity of polymers. Generally, polymers with high TBA content such as P1, Co2, and Co3 showed good performance in removing CuII.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derivatives of Schiff-bases possess a great importance in pharmaceutical chemistry. They can be used for synthesizing different types of bioactive compounds. In this paper, derivatives of new Schiff bases have been synthesized from several serial steps. The acid (I) was synthesized from the reaction of dichloroethanoic acid with 2 moles of p-aminoacetanilide. New acid (I) converted to its ester (II) via the reaction of (I) with dimethyl sulphate in the present of anhydrous of sodium carbonate and dry acetone. Acid hydrazide (III) has been synthesized by adding 80% of hydrazine hydrate to the new ester using ethanol as a solvent. The last step included the preparation of new Schiff-bases (IV-VIII) by the reaction of acid hydrazide with appropriate aromatic aldehydes and using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. New derivatives were diagnosed by FT-IR, and by mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy (some of them). Derivatives (IV-VIII) were screened for their antibacterial against E. Coli (G-) and staph. aureus (G+). All tested compounds were found to have activity against the two kinds of bacteria.
{"title":"Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation for Some New Schiff-bases Derived from P-aminoacetanilide","authors":"Eman M. Hussain","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8905","url":null,"abstract":"Derivatives of Schiff-bases possess a great importance in pharmaceutical chemistry. They can be used for synthesizing different types of bioactive compounds. In this paper, derivatives of new Schiff bases have been synthesized from several serial steps. The acid (I) was synthesized from the reaction of dichloroethanoic acid with 2 moles of p-aminoacetanilide. New acid (I) converted to its ester (II) via the reaction of (I) with dimethyl sulphate in the present of anhydrous of sodium carbonate and dry acetone. Acid hydrazide (III) has been synthesized by adding 80% of hydrazine hydrate to the new ester using ethanol as a solvent. The last step included the preparation of new Schiff-bases (IV-VIII) by the reaction of acid hydrazide with appropriate aromatic aldehydes and using glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. New derivatives were diagnosed by FT-IR, and by mass and 1HNMR spectroscopy (some of them). Derivatives (IV-VIII) were screened for their antibacterial against E. Coli (G-) and staph. aureus (G+). All tested compounds were found to have activity against the two kinds of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahraa Z. Aljanabi, A. M. J. Al-Obaidy, Fikrat M. Hassan
The study aims to build a water quality index that fits the Iraqi aquatic systems and reflects the environmental reality of Iraqi water. The developed Iraqi Water Quality Index (IQWQI) includes physical and chemical components. To build the IQWQI, Delphi method was used to communicate with local and global experts in water quality indices for their opinion regarding the best and most important parameter we can use in building the index and the established weight of each parameter. From the data obtained in this study, 70% were used for building the model and 30% for evaluating the model. Multiple scenarios were applied to the model inputs to study the effects of increasing parameters. The model was built 4 by 4 until it reached 17 parameters for 10 sampling times. Obviously, with the increasing number of parameters, the value of the index will change. To minimize the effect of eclipse that arises in WQI and to solve the problem of overlapping quality and pollution, this study has created another index linked with IQWQI, which included both the quality and the degree of pollution. The second index is called the Environmental Risk Index (ERI), where only the variables that exceed the permissible environmental limits were included. Sensitivity Analysis was done to predicate IQWQI and to determine the most influential parameters in the IQWQI score; two types of models were chosen for the run of the sensitivity test, which are the Artificial Neural Network Regression (ANNR) and Backward Linear Regression (BLR). The results of IWOI and ERI for freshwater use during the dry season were very poor water quality with a high degree of risk. While in the wet season, both indices' values ranged from poor water quality to very poor water quality with a high degree of risk.
{"title":"A Novel Water Quality Index for Iraqi Surface Water","authors":"Zahraa Z. Aljanabi, A. M. J. Al-Obaidy, Fikrat M. Hassan","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9348","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to build a water quality index that fits the Iraqi aquatic systems and reflects the environmental reality of Iraqi water. The developed Iraqi Water Quality Index (IQWQI) includes physical and chemical components. To build the IQWQI, Delphi method was used to communicate with local and global experts in water quality indices for their opinion regarding the best and most important parameter we can use in building the index and the established weight of each parameter. From the data obtained in this study, 70% were used for building the model and 30% for evaluating the model. Multiple scenarios were applied to the model inputs to study the effects of increasing parameters. The model was built 4 by 4 until it reached 17 parameters for 10 sampling times. Obviously, with the increasing number of parameters, the value of the index will change. To minimize the effect of eclipse that arises in WQI and to solve the problem of overlapping quality and pollution, this study has created another index linked with IQWQI, which included both the quality and the degree of pollution. The second index is called the Environmental Risk Index (ERI), where only the variables that exceed the permissible environmental limits were included. Sensitivity Analysis was done to predicate IQWQI and to determine the most influential parameters in the IQWQI score; two types of models were chosen for the run of the sensitivity test, which are the Artificial Neural Network Regression (ANNR) and Backward Linear Regression (BLR). The results of IWOI and ERI for freshwater use during the dry season were very poor water quality with a high degree of risk. While in the wet season, both indices' values ranged from poor water quality to very poor water quality with a high degree of risk.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"121 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dates are considered one of the most important foods consumed in Arab countries. Dates are commonly infested with the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Consequently, the date yield, quantity, and quality (economic value and seed viability) are negatively affected. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of air evacuation as eco-friendly and safe control method against adult O. surinamensis. Insects were obtained from the infested date purchased from a private store in sakaka city, Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Air evacuation (using a vacuum pump) and food deprivation were applied to O. surinamensis, and insect mortality was observed daily in comparison with the control group (administered both food and air). Application of both air evacuation, and food deprivation, significantly, increased the percentage of daily mortality when compared to control. Percentage accumulative mortality displayed very strong positive correlation with the time course in both cases of air-deprived and food-deprived groups. On the basis of lethal time values, the air evacuation method resulted in a comparable effect of food deprivation. Conclusively, the air-evacuation of the package is a very effective Eco-friendly and safe control method against O. surinamensis.
{"title":"Ecofriendly Control for Stored-Product Pest, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Order: Coleoptera, Family: Silvanidae)","authors":"F. Galal","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9104","url":null,"abstract":"Dates are considered one of the most important foods consumed in Arab countries. Dates are commonly infested with the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis. Consequently, the date yield, quantity, and quality (economic value and seed viability) are negatively affected. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of air evacuation as eco-friendly and safe control method against adult O. surinamensis. Insects were obtained from the infested date purchased from a private store in sakaka city, Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Air evacuation (using a vacuum pump) and food deprivation were applied to O. surinamensis, and insect mortality was observed daily in comparison with the control group (administered both food and air). Application of both air evacuation, and food deprivation, significantly, increased the percentage of daily mortality when compared to control. Percentage accumulative mortality displayed very strong positive correlation with the time course in both cases of air-deprived and food-deprived groups. On the basis of lethal time values, the air evacuation method resulted in a comparable effect of food deprivation. Conclusively, the air-evacuation of the package is a very effective Eco-friendly and safe control method against O. surinamensis.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"86 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the asparaginase-producing bacteria, then purify and characterize the enzyme in order to investigate their properties in the future. Fifteen local bacterial isolates were isolated from various sites in the city of Baghdad, identified by conventional morphological and biochemical procedures, and confirmed using vitek 2 methods, and submitted to primary screening processes for asparaginase production. For secondary screening, eight isolates with the greatest yellow zone ability on a specific solid medium were chosen. Bacillus sp. was reported to have the highest enzyme production (7.5 U/mg proteins). After 24 hours of incubation, submerged fermentation yielded optimal conditions for the production of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) by the chosen isolate, with medium (2) serving as the optimal medium for production and fructose serving as the optimal source of carbon. In pH 6 at 40°C, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography was used to purify the enzyme. The final purification folds were increased by 2.5 times, resulting in an enzyme yield of 93.7%. It also showed the highest purified enzyme activity and stability was at 37°C. Also it revealed the highest activity and stability at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 respectively. Enzyme lost activity when exposed to several metallic ions at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM.
{"title":"Purification and characterization of L-asparaginase produced from Bacillus sp.","authors":"Sahar I. H., Zaid A. H., Milad A.","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9231","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the asparaginase-producing bacteria, then purify and characterize the enzyme in order to investigate their properties in the future. Fifteen local bacterial isolates were isolated from various sites in the city of Baghdad, identified by conventional morphological and biochemical procedures, and confirmed using vitek 2 methods, and submitted to primary screening processes for asparaginase production. For secondary screening, eight isolates with the greatest yellow zone ability on a specific solid medium were chosen. Bacillus sp. was reported to have the highest enzyme production (7.5 U/mg proteins). After 24 hours of incubation, submerged fermentation yielded optimal conditions for the production of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) by the chosen isolate, with medium (2) serving as the optimal medium for production and fructose serving as the optimal source of carbon. In pH 6 at 40°C, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography was used to purify the enzyme. The final purification folds were increased by 2.5 times, resulting in an enzyme yield of 93.7%. It also showed the highest purified enzyme activity and stability was at 37°C. Also it revealed the highest activity and stability at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 respectively. Enzyme lost activity when exposed to several metallic ions at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"137 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to study the solvability of the quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector problem dominated by quaternary nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem with state constraints. The existence theorem for a quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector with equality and inequality state constraints is stated and demonstrated under suitable assumptions. The mathematical formulation of the quaternary adjoint eqs. associated with the quaternary nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem with state constraints is discovered. The Fréchet derivative of the cost function and the constraints functions are derived. The necessary and sufficient theorems (conditions) for optimality of the quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector problem are stated and demonstrated under suitable assumptions.
{"title":"Solvability of the Quaternary Continuous Classical Boundary Optimal Control Dominated by Quaternary Parabolic System","authors":"J. A. Al-Hawasy, Fetan J. Naji","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8690","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to study the solvability of the quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector problem dominated by quaternary nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem with state constraints. The existence theorem for a quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector with equality and inequality state constraints is stated and demonstrated under suitable assumptions. The mathematical formulation of the quaternary adjoint eqs. associated with the quaternary nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem with state constraints is discovered. The Fréchet derivative of the cost function and the constraints functions are derived. The necessary and sufficient theorems (conditions) for optimality of the quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector problem are stated and demonstrated under suitable assumptions.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"62 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beta thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the world caused by a deficiency of globin chains. Heart disease is one of the main complications of this disease as a result of excess iron deposition in the cardiac tissues. Total of 100 patients of 2-18 years diagnosed with ß-TM were employed in the current study and admitted to Thi-Qar Center of Hereditary Blood Diseases in Thi-Qar city, Iraq, and 80 healthy participants, matched by age, and geographical area were adopted as control group. The current study included evaluating of serum Troponin I (c.TnI), Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), Apelin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) of studied groups. The finding revealed a significant increase (p<0.01) of c.TnI, CK-MB, AST, and LDH levels as well as a significant decrease (p<0.01) in apelin level in all patients with ß-TM compared to the control group. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was also found between the biochemical parameters studied for ß-TM patients with ferritin level, were found a significant correlation (p<0.01) between ferritin level with CK-MB, LDH, and AST levels while there was no significant correlation (P>0.01) through apelin and c.TnI levels. The finding showed a clinical predictor to damage cardiac tissues in the near term, which portends the use of more efficient treatment protocols to remove excess iron from ß-TM patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of some heart enzymes and Iron levels in β-thalassemia patients in Thi-Qar City, Iraq","authors":"Ahmed jaber Ibrahim, A. AL–Saeed","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8352","url":null,"abstract":"Beta thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary diseases in the world caused by a deficiency of globin chains. Heart disease is one of the main complications of this disease as a result of excess iron deposition in the cardiac tissues. Total of 100 patients of 2-18 years diagnosed with ß-TM were employed in the current study and admitted to Thi-Qar Center of Hereditary Blood Diseases in Thi-Qar city, Iraq, and 80 healthy participants, matched by age, and geographical area were adopted as control group. The current study included evaluating of serum Troponin I (c.TnI), Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), Apelin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Lactate Dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) of studied groups. The finding revealed a significant increase (p<0.01) of c.TnI, CK-MB, AST, and LDH levels as well as a significant decrease (p<0.01) in apelin level in all patients with ß-TM compared to the control group. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was also found between the biochemical parameters studied for ß-TM patients with ferritin level, were found a significant correlation (p<0.01) between ferritin level with CK-MB, LDH, and AST levels while there was no significant correlation (P>0.01) through apelin and c.TnI levels. The finding showed a clinical predictor to damage cardiac tissues in the near term, which portends the use of more efficient treatment protocols to remove excess iron from ß-TM patients.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"233 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139260597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, two modifications for spectral quasi-Newton algorithm of type BFGS are imposed. In the first algorithm, named SQNEI, a certain spectral parameter is used in such a step for BFGS algorithm differs from other presented algorithms. The second algorithm, SQNEv-Iv, has both new parameter position and value suggestion. In SQNEI and SQNEv-Iv methods, the parameters are involved in a search direction after an approximated Hessian matrix is updated. It is provided that two methods are effective under some assumptions. Moreover, the sufficient descent property is proved as well as the global and superlinear convergence for SQNEv-Iv and SQNEI. Both of them are superior the standard BFGS (QNBFGS) and previous spectral quasi-Newton (SQNLC). However, SQNEv-Iv is outstanding SQNEI if it is convergent to the solution. This means that, two modified methods are in the race for the more efficiency method in terms less iteration numbers and consuming time in running CPU. Finally, numerical results are presented for the four algorithms by running list of test problems with inexact line search satisfying Armijo condition.
{"title":"Modifications for Quasi-Newton Method and Its Spectral Algorithm for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems","authors":"E. Sadraddin, I. S. Latif","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8020","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two modifications for spectral quasi-Newton algorithm of type BFGS are imposed. In the first algorithm, named SQNEI, a certain spectral parameter is used in such a step for BFGS algorithm differs from other presented algorithms. The second algorithm, SQNEv-Iv, has both new parameter position and value suggestion. In SQNEI and SQNEv-Iv methods, the parameters are involved in a search direction after an approximated Hessian matrix is updated. It is provided that two methods are effective under some assumptions. Moreover, the sufficient descent property is proved as well as the global and superlinear convergence for SQNEv-Iv and SQNEI. Both of them are superior the standard BFGS (QNBFGS) and previous spectral quasi-Newton (SQNLC). However, SQNEv-Iv is outstanding SQNEI if it is convergent to the solution. This means that, two modified methods are in the race for the more efficiency method in terms less iteration numbers and consuming time in running CPU. Finally, numerical results are presented for the four algorithms by running list of test problems with inexact line search satisfying Armijo condition.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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