New 4-methyl-7-ethylcoumarin derivatives bearing the azo group were synthesized through series of sequential reactions and tested for their biological activity. Starting from 4-methyl-7-ethylcoumarin prepared from a reaction of m-ethyl phenol and ethyl acetoacetate by pechmann condensation reaction, nitration of 4 -methyl-7-ethyl coumarin using nitric acid was carried out in the presence of sulfuric acid to produce one isomer from 4-methyl-7-ethyl-8-nitrocoumarin under the cold condition at (2-5Cº). Then reducing nitro group used iron metal in an acidic medium to form corresponding amino coumarin, which was converted to azo dyes by reacting its diazonium salt with different phenol derivatives. Mass, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV spectra, and TLC chromatography signposted the preparation compounds. The synthetic compounds' biological activities were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) at 1×10-3M. It was found that compounds 4 and 6 have a broad spectrum against different types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, compared to the standard drug vancomycin. In contrast, all compounds showed moderate activity against fungi compared with nystatin. The newly synthesized compounds also showed powerful antioxidants compared with ascorbic acid as a standard, especially compound 7 , which showed high effectiveness as an antioxidant compared to the same reference Ascorbic Acid.
{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Studies of 4‐Methyl-7‐Ethylcoumarin Derivatives Containing Azo Group","authors":"Muntather Hossam Kazem, Luma S. Ahamed","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9143","url":null,"abstract":"New 4-methyl-7-ethylcoumarin derivatives bearing the azo group were synthesized through series of sequential reactions and tested for their biological activity. Starting from 4-methyl-7-ethylcoumarin prepared from a reaction of m-ethyl phenol and ethyl acetoacetate by pechmann condensation reaction, nitration of 4 -methyl-7-ethyl coumarin using nitric acid was carried out in the presence of sulfuric acid to produce one isomer from 4-methyl-7-ethyl-8-nitrocoumarin under the cold condition at (2-5Cº). Then reducing nitro group used iron metal in an acidic medium to form corresponding amino coumarin, which was converted to azo dyes by reacting its diazonium salt with different phenol derivatives. Mass, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV spectra, and TLC chromatography signposted the preparation compounds. The synthetic compounds' biological activities were evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) at 1×10-3M. It was found that compounds 4 and 6 have a broad spectrum against different types of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, compared to the standard drug vancomycin. In contrast, all compounds showed moderate activity against fungi compared with nystatin. The newly synthesized compounds also showed powerful antioxidants compared with ascorbic acid as a standard, especially compound 7 , which showed high effectiveness as an antioxidant compared to the same reference Ascorbic Acid.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"2004 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flower- and rod-like nanostructures of zinc oxide were prepared by the hydrothermal method at 90°C for three hours. Three 0.028 molar solutions, with pH values of 9, 10, and 11, were deposited on glass substrate/ZnO seed layers. All the prepared samples had a polycrystalline diffraction pattern with dominant diffraction from the (002) plane. With increasing pH, the crystallite size increased to a maximum of 37.6 nm. The importance of the research lies in the growth of different nanostructures of zinc oxide by controlling the degree of pH, as the results showed the emergence of flower structures ZnO NFs at pH 11 with a particle size of 100-800 nm, and the development of nanostructures in the form of a bundle of rods at pH 10 with a particle size of 500-800 nm and the development of ZnO NRs in the form of solitary rods perpendicular to the surface at pH 9, with a grain size of 70-80 nm. The optical properties showed a decrease from 78.75% to 79.32% as the pH was increased from 9 to 11, and the value of the energy gap increased from 3.18 eV to 3.31 eV with the increase in the pH value from 9 to 11.
{"title":"Growth of Different Zinc Oxide Nanostructures under Hydrothermal pH Values","authors":"Saja A. H. Abbas, E. Hassan, O. Abdulmunem","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8336","url":null,"abstract":"Flower- and rod-like nanostructures of zinc oxide were prepared by the hydrothermal method at 90°C for three hours. Three 0.028 molar solutions, with pH values of 9, 10, and 11, were deposited on glass substrate/ZnO seed layers. All the prepared samples had a polycrystalline diffraction pattern with dominant diffraction from the (002) plane. With increasing pH, the crystallite size increased to a maximum of 37.6 nm. The importance of the research lies in the growth of different nanostructures of zinc oxide by controlling the degree of pH, as the results showed the emergence of flower structures ZnO NFs at pH 11 with a particle size of 100-800 nm, and the development of nanostructures in the form of a bundle of rods at pH 10 with a particle size of 500-800 nm and the development of ZnO NRs in the form of solitary rods perpendicular to the surface at pH 9, with a grain size of 70-80 nm. The optical properties showed a decrease from 78.75% to 79.32% as the pH was increased from 9 to 11, and the value of the energy gap increased from 3.18 eV to 3.31 eV with the increase in the pH value from 9 to 11.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"2017 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present work, the electrical conductivity of chloramphenicol was measured in water and methanol at different temperature degrees 293-313 K. The parameters of conductivity equivalent conductance at infinite dilution ( Λ0), the association constant (KA) and distance parameter (R) were all recorded by using Lee-Wheaton equation and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were calculated as well. The behavior of a compound can be predicted through computational calculations; taking 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl) propan-2-yl] acetamide, for example. There is an abundance of theoretical information available about how this compound behaves in different solvents, such as water and methanol. The secret lies in analyzing the compound's HOMO and LUMO energies, which can be determined through advanced computational calculations using methods like AM1, PM3, and HF. The potential of the compound was different when changing the solvent and this is due to the value of energy and other theoretical factors like the molecular volume and Connolly parameters.
本研究利用 Lee-Wheaton 方程记录了氯霉素在水和甲醇中 293-313 K 不同温度下的电导率，并计算了其热力学参数（ΔH、ΔG 和 ΔS）。以 2,2-二氯-N-[(1R,2S)-1,3-二羟基-1-(4-硝基苯基)丙-2-基] 乙酰胺为例，化合物的行为可以通过计算来预测。关于这种化合物在水和甲醇等不同溶剂中的表现，有大量的理论信息。秘诀在于分析化合物的 HOMO 和 LUMO 能量，这些能量可以通过 AM1、PM3 和 HF 等方法进行高级计算来确定。在改变溶剂时，化合物的电位是不同的，这是由能量值和其他理论因素（如分子体积和康诺利参数）造成的。
{"title":"Conductometric and Computational Study of Chloramphenicol at Different Solvents and Temperatures","authors":"Amel G. Abed","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8239","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the electrical conductivity of chloramphenicol was measured in water and methanol at different temperature degrees 293-313 K. The parameters of conductivity equivalent conductance at infinite dilution ( Λ0), the association constant (KA) and distance parameter (R) were all recorded by using Lee-Wheaton equation and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were calculated as well. The behavior of a compound can be predicted through computational calculations; taking 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2S)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl) propan-2-yl] acetamide, for example. There is an abundance of theoretical information available about how this compound behaves in different solvents, such as water and methanol. The secret lies in analyzing the compound's HOMO and LUMO energies, which can be determined through advanced computational calculations using methods like AM1, PM3, and HF. The potential of the compound was different when changing the solvent and this is due to the value of energy and other theoretical factors like the molecular volume and Connolly parameters.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"671 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusra MB. Muhsin, H. Majeed, Ali Murtatha Hasan, Sundus Qasim Mohammed, Nadia Zuhair Jassim
The predicted global cancer burden is expected to surpass 20 million new cancer cases by 2025. Despite recent advancements in tumor therapy, successful cancer treatment remains challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, as well as treatment of cancer. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by fungi is an ecologically clean and nontoxic method compared to other physical and chemical methods. The purpose of this study is to determine the Synergistic Effect of Combination Nanoparticles Synthesized from Fusarium oxysporum with Weisella cibaria against cervical cancer cells. The study has done from 2022 to March 2023 in the food microbiology laboratory in the Department of Biology / College of Science / Mustansiriyah University. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from food sources (Turnip, Cabbage, Cauliflower), after serial steps from treated NaCl , then cultured in MRS (Man-Rogosa-Sharpe) broth, finally examined under a microscope. The antibacterial activity of Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) s that was produced by these isolates was detected to choose the best one and diagnosed by PCR and DNA sequencing. The nanoparticles (AgNo3) that were produced from Fusarium oxysporum by biosynthesis were obtained from higher studies laboratory for fungi, and these fungi was submitted to toxicity test. The Synergist effect of chosen LAB and Fusarium oxysporum nanoparticles was studied against cervical cancer cells. Results show that all food sources were rich in LAB and the best antibacterial activity was to turnip source and according to molecular diagnosis was Weisella cibaria , that recorded in NCBI as (MG7865551). The synergistic effect of W. cibaria and nanoparticles showed and decrease the cancer line viability rate after 72 hr. exposure to this effect.
{"title":"The combined effect of Weisella cibaria and Fusarium oxysporum nanoparticles on cervical cancer cells","authors":"Yusra MB. Muhsin, H. Majeed, Ali Murtatha Hasan, Sundus Qasim Mohammed, Nadia Zuhair Jassim","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.7956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.7956","url":null,"abstract":"The predicted global cancer burden is expected to surpass 20 million new cancer cases by 2025. Despite recent advancements in tumor therapy, successful cancer treatment remains challenging. The emerging field of nanotechnology offers great opportunities for diagnosis, imaging, as well as treatment of cancer. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by fungi is an ecologically clean and nontoxic method compared to other physical and chemical methods. The purpose of this study is to determine the Synergistic Effect of Combination Nanoparticles Synthesized from Fusarium oxysporum with Weisella cibaria against cervical cancer cells. The study has done from 2022 to March 2023 in the food microbiology laboratory in the Department of Biology / College of Science / Mustansiriyah University. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from food sources (Turnip, Cabbage, Cauliflower), after serial steps from treated NaCl , then cultured in MRS (Man-Rogosa-Sharpe) broth, finally examined under a microscope. The antibacterial activity of Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) s that was produced by these isolates was detected to choose the best one and diagnosed by PCR and DNA sequencing. The nanoparticles (AgNo3) that were produced from Fusarium oxysporum by biosynthesis were obtained from higher studies laboratory for fungi, and these fungi was submitted to toxicity test. The Synergist effect of chosen LAB and Fusarium oxysporum nanoparticles was studied against cervical cancer cells. Results show that all food sources were rich in LAB and the best antibacterial activity was to turnip source and according to molecular diagnosis was Weisella cibaria , that recorded in NCBI as (MG7865551). The synergistic effect of W. cibaria and nanoparticles showed and decrease the cancer line viability rate after 72 hr. exposure to this effect.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"550 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, polybutadiene (PBD) was prepared from waste tires. The halogenated of polybutadiene was grafted with mono, di, and triethanolamine, the grafting was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. And according to the thermal characteristics (TGA and DSC), the produced compound was thermally stable up to 202 °C. Using potentiodynamic polarization techniques, the adsorption and corrosion inhibiting effects of three grafting polymers on N80 steel in 0.1 N H3PO4 as aggressive environments were measured at four different temperatures: 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. The prepared polymers have excellent inhibition efficiency at high temperatures. The pBut-g-mono ethanol amine is the corrosion inhibitor that is most effective in all tested temperatures. The adsorption behavior of the polymers was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm, and the values of the free energy variation illustrate the mixed types of adsorptions occurring on the N80 surface. Tafel curves indicate that the tested polymers act as mixed anodic and cathodic inhibitors. In contrast, indicates that all tested modifying polymers had antioxidant capability.
这项研究利用废轮胎制备了聚丁二烯（PBD）。通过 X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对接枝过程进行了研究。根据热特性（TGA 和 DSC），制得的化合物热稳定性高达 202 ℃。利用电位极化技术，在四种不同温度下测量了三种接枝聚合物在 0.1 N H3PO4 侵蚀性环境中对 N80 钢的吸附和缓蚀效果：25、35、45 和 55°C。所制备的聚合物在高温下具有出色的抑制效率。在所有测试温度下，pBut-g-单乙醇胺都是最有效的缓蚀剂。研究发现，聚合物的吸附行为遵循 Langmuir 等温线，自由能的变化值说明了 N80 表面发生的混合吸附类型。塔菲尔曲线表明，测试的聚合物是阳极和阴极混合抑制剂。相反，所有测试的改性聚合物都具有抗氧化能力。
{"title":"Preparation, and Evaluation of waste ground tyre rubber as Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activity and anticorrosion inhibitor for N80 steel in 0.1N H3PO4","authors":"N. T. Faili, Khawlah S. Burghal","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.6038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.6038","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, polybutadiene (PBD) was prepared from waste tires. The halogenated of polybutadiene was grafted with mono, di, and triethanolamine, the grafting was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. And according to the thermal characteristics (TGA and DSC), the produced compound was thermally stable up to 202 °C. Using potentiodynamic polarization techniques, the adsorption and corrosion inhibiting effects of three grafting polymers on N80 steel in 0.1 N H3PO4 as aggressive environments were measured at four different temperatures: 25, 35, 45, and 55°C. The prepared polymers have excellent inhibition efficiency at high temperatures. The pBut-g-mono ethanol amine is the corrosion inhibitor that is most effective in all tested temperatures. The adsorption behavior of the polymers was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm, and the values of the free energy variation illustrate the mixed types of adsorptions occurring on the N80 surface. Tafel curves indicate that the tested polymers act as mixed anodic and cathodic inhibitors. In contrast, indicates that all tested modifying polymers had antioxidant capability.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"551 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivaji Ashok Tarate Tarate, A. P. Bhadane, S.B. Gaikwad, K.A. Kshirsagar
An effective method for resolving non-linear partial differential equations with fractional derivatives is the New Sumudu Transform Iterative Method (NSTIM). It excels at solving difficult mathematical puzzles and offers insightful information about the behaviour of time-fractional Fisher equations. The method, which makes use of Caputo's sense derivatives and Wolfram in Mathematica, is reliable, simple to use, and gives a visual depiction of the solution. The analytical findings demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and simple in generating precise solutions for the time-fractional Fisher equations. The results are made more reliable and applicable by including Caputo's sense derivatives. Mathematical modelling relies on the effectiveness and simplicity of the NSTIM approach to solve time-fractional Fisher equations since it enables precise solutions without the use of a lot of processing power. The NSTIM approach is a useful tool for researchers in a variety of domains since it also offers a flexible framework that is easily adaptable to other fractional differential equations. It now becomes possible to examine the dynamics and behaviour of complex systems governed by time-fractional Fisher equations with efficiency and reliability, opening up new research avenues. The ability to solve time-fractional Fisher equations efficiently and reliably using the NSTIM approach has significant implications for various fields such as population dynamics, mathematical biology, and epidemiology. Researchers can now analyze the spread of diseases or study the population dynamics of species with higher accuracy and less computational effort. This advancement in solving fractional differential equations paves the way for deeper insights into the behavior and patterns of complex systems, ultimately advancing scientific understanding and offering new possibilities for practical applications.
{"title":"Semi-Analytical Solutions for Time-Fractional Fisher Equations via New Iterative Method","authors":"Shivaji Ashok Tarate Tarate, A. P. Bhadane, S.B. Gaikwad, K.A. Kshirsagar","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9137","url":null,"abstract":"An effective method for resolving non-linear partial differential equations with fractional derivatives is the New Sumudu Transform Iterative Method (NSTIM). It excels at solving difficult mathematical puzzles and offers insightful information about the behaviour of time-fractional Fisher equations. The method, which makes use of Caputo's sense derivatives and Wolfram in Mathematica, is reliable, simple to use, and gives a visual depiction of the solution. The analytical findings demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and simple in generating precise solutions for the time-fractional Fisher equations. The results are made more reliable and applicable by including Caputo's sense derivatives. Mathematical modelling relies on the effectiveness and simplicity of the NSTIM approach to solve time-fractional Fisher equations since it enables precise solutions without the use of a lot of processing power. The NSTIM approach is a useful tool for researchers in a variety of domains since it also offers a flexible framework that is easily adaptable to other fractional differential equations. It now becomes possible to examine the dynamics and behaviour of complex systems governed by time-fractional Fisher equations with efficiency and reliability, opening up new research avenues. The ability to solve time-fractional Fisher equations efficiently and reliably using the NSTIM approach has significant implications for various fields such as population dynamics, mathematical biology, and epidemiology. Researchers can now analyze the spread of diseases or study the population dynamics of species with higher accuracy and less computational effort. This advancement in solving fractional differential equations paves the way for deeper insights into the behavior and patterns of complex systems, ultimately advancing scientific understanding and offering new possibilities for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"2011 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Najwa Ibrahim Khaleel Al-Barhawee, Sarah Salih Al-Rubyee
One of the most economically significant plant pathogenic bacteria is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, infects plants by exploiting biofilms it forms on their surfaces wounds. This article has been concerned with the need for new antibacterial agents due to the limitations of current treatments. The capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-free supernatant to inhibit the A. tumefaciens-produced biofilms as well as its chemical makeup were examined in this work. Using the API 20E kit and polymerase chain reaction of the 16S rRNA gene, P. aeruginosa was isolated from the soil and identified. It displayed a 93% identity with the common bacterium Pseudomonas sp.SeaQual P_B_845W, MT626817.1 in the GenBank. Using the microdilution method, the ability of the lyophilized supernatant was then determined at nine concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%) of biofilm formation. The results revealed an inhibitory effect as percentages of 66, 61, 51, 27, 20, 17, and 15%,. After being injected with the GC-MC device, it was found that it consisted of 30 chemical compounds, which were identified by their names as;(Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methyl propyl)-, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester), this demonstrates that its (154, 270, 210, 296, 296, 298) Daltons and (9.38, 19.12, 6.8, 4.45, 8.33, 5.90)% of the total space. The discovery that P. aeruginosa cell-free supernatants include chemical compounds for the first time and have an inhibitory influence to produce biofilms by A. tumefaciens is the study's most significant finding.
{"title":"Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens by Cell-Free Supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Analyzed by GC-MS","authors":"Najwa Ibrahim Khaleel Al-Barhawee, Sarah Salih Al-Rubyee","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.8692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8692","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most economically significant plant pathogenic bacteria is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, infects plants by exploiting biofilms it forms on their surfaces wounds. This article has been concerned with the need for new antibacterial agents due to the limitations of current treatments. The capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-free supernatant to inhibit the A. tumefaciens-produced biofilms as well as its chemical makeup were examined in this work. Using the API 20E kit and polymerase chain reaction of the 16S rRNA gene, P. aeruginosa was isolated from the soil and identified. It displayed a 93% identity with the common bacterium Pseudomonas sp.SeaQual P_B_845W, MT626817.1 in the GenBank. Using the microdilution method, the ability of the lyophilized supernatant was then determined at nine concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%) of biofilm formation. The results revealed an inhibitory effect as percentages of 66, 61, 51, 27, 20, 17, and 15%,. After being injected with the GC-MC device, it was found that it consisted of 30 chemical compounds, which were identified by their names as;(Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methyl propyl)-, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester), this demonstrates that its (154, 270, 210, 296, 296, 298) Daltons and (9.38, 19.12, 6.8, 4.45, 8.33, 5.90)% of the total space. The discovery that P. aeruginosa cell-free supernatants include chemical compounds for the first time and have an inhibitory influence to produce biofilms by A. tumefaciens is the study's most significant finding.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"428 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Qasim Mohammed, A. H. Alwan, Asmaa Amer Almukhtar
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a varied group of biological and clinical diseases. It is distinguished by the fast proliferation of aberrant cells in the bone marrow, which interferes with normal blood cell formation. Several studies demonstrated that cytokines released by leukemic cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner influence the proliferation of AML cells. Our study aimed to assess serum levels of TLR-9, TNF-α and, IL-6 in patients of AML. The study was done via the ELISA Technique. The results show a highly significant difference in all parameters in Patients and control. The correlation between immunological parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient for patients showed that there is a weak correlation between TLR-9 and TNF- α, IL-6 with P-values of 0.47 and 0.23 respectively. This may indicate the complex environment of inflammation. However, there was a strong correlation between TNF- α and IL-6 with a P-value (0.001). This indicates that the secretion of these cytokines was high in patients. All immunological parameters of patients were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to demonstrate that any one of them is a useful tool for identifying and tracking inflammation. The ROC curve's findings revealed that all parameters have good sensitivity and specificity for detecting inflammation and disease activity in AML patients. According to the current study, AML was related to higher levels of TLR-9, TNF-α, and, IL-6 may be affected the prognosis of the disease, increase the risk of the disease progression, and may be used as a biomarker to target AML cells.
{"title":"Estimation of Serum TLR-9,TNF-α, and IL-6 Levels in the Iraqi Patients Diagnosed as Acute Myelogenous Leukemia","authors":"Maryam Qasim Mohammed, A. H. Alwan, Asmaa Amer Almukhtar","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9056","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a varied group of biological and clinical diseases. It is distinguished by the fast proliferation of aberrant cells in the bone marrow, which interferes with normal blood cell formation. Several studies demonstrated that cytokines released by leukemic cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner influence the proliferation of AML cells. Our study aimed to assess serum levels of TLR-9, TNF-α and, IL-6 in patients of AML. The study was done via the ELISA Technique. The results show a highly significant difference in all parameters in Patients and control. The correlation between immunological parameters using the Pearson correlation coefficient for patients showed that there is a weak correlation between TLR-9 and TNF- α, IL-6 with P-values of 0.47 and 0.23 respectively. This may indicate the complex environment of inflammation. However, there was a strong correlation between TNF- α and IL-6 with a P-value (0.001). This indicates that the secretion of these cytokines was high in patients. All immunological parameters of patients were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to demonstrate that any one of them is a useful tool for identifying and tracking inflammation. The ROC curve's findings revealed that all parameters have good sensitivity and specificity for detecting inflammation and disease activity in AML patients. According to the current study, AML was related to higher levels of TLR-9, TNF-α, and, IL-6 may be affected the prognosis of the disease, increase the risk of the disease progression, and may be used as a biomarker to target AML cells.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"2018 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Noordin Yusuff Marican, Siti Hajar Othman, Ali Selamat, Shukor Abd Razak
Technology startups are critical to the advancement of digital initiatives in many countries undergoing smart nation agenda. Technology startups are thus vendors and suppliers of services to large organizations such as the government sector, multi-national corporations and financial institutions. As such, startups are fast becoming attack vectors for malicious perpetrators to gain entry via backdoors to large organizations. However, startups remain prudent in their cyber security spending as their north star is revenue generation by delivering their services and minimum viable product (MVP) to their customers. This study proposes an enhanced Return on Security Investment (ROSI) which helps technology startups calculate the return on security investment and justify their budget of cyber security spending. Though there are existing models to calculate the return of investments allocated to cyber security expenditure, they are rather complex and do not give management clarity in terms of the monetary value for cyber security spending. Furthermore, the existing models do not cater to the dynamics and nuances of technology startups. The enhanced model also provides technology startups the ability to appropriately adjust their cyber security investments based on the calculations of the Minimum (Min) and Maximum (Max) ROSI values. The proposed and enhanced ROSI model has been validated by 5 cyber security experts who agreed on the importance and necessity of the model to be applied to technology startups. The results of the case study on a FinTech startup enable the calculation of the Min and Max ROSI to justify the return on security investments and provide the startup with the ability to adjust the cyber security spending accordingly.
{"title":"Quantifying the Return of Security Investments for Technology Startups","authors":"Mohamed Noordin Yusuff Marican, Siti Hajar Othman, Ali Selamat, Shukor Abd Razak","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9077","url":null,"abstract":"Technology startups are critical to the advancement of digital initiatives in many countries undergoing smart nation agenda. Technology startups are thus vendors and suppliers of services to large organizations such as the government sector, multi-national corporations and financial institutions. As such, startups are fast becoming attack vectors for malicious perpetrators to gain entry via backdoors to large organizations. However, startups remain prudent in their cyber security spending as their north star is revenue generation by delivering their services and minimum viable product (MVP) to their customers. This study proposes an enhanced Return on Security Investment (ROSI) which helps technology startups calculate the return on security investment and justify their budget of cyber security spending. Though there are existing models to calculate the return of investments allocated to cyber security expenditure, they are rather complex and do not give management clarity in terms of the monetary value for cyber security spending. Furthermore, the existing models do not cater to the dynamics and nuances of technology startups. The enhanced model also provides technology startups the ability to appropriately adjust their cyber security investments based on the calculations of the Minimum (Min) and Maximum (Max) ROSI values. The proposed and enhanced ROSI model has been validated by 5 cyber security experts who agreed on the importance and necessity of the model to be applied to technology startups. The results of the case study on a FinTech startup enable the calculation of the Min and Max ROSI to justify the return on security investments and provide the startup with the ability to adjust the cyber security spending accordingly.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"2017 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadhil Abbas Fadhil, Farah Tawfiq Abdul Hussien, Teba Walaa Aldeen Khairi, N. Safiullin
Text encryption in video is a vital tool in many industries where protecting sensitive information is of highest concern. Algorithms and automated detection methods commonly struggle to locate hidden text in video frames. This resistance increases the security of the concealed information because it is challenging for uninvited parties to detect the presence of encrypted text. This research suggests a novel method for text encryption inside video utilizing the Salsa20 encryption algorithm and Harris Corner Detection. The goal of this study is to increase the secrecy and security of textual information that is embedded in video content. First step is locateing important corners or spots inside the video frames, the Harris Corner Detection method is first used. These corners act as strong feature points that can be used to incorporate text. Without degrading the video's overall visual quality, the Harris Corner Detection method aids in precisely localizing the places where text may be concealed. Second, the encryption key is generated using the Salsa20 encryption technique. Salsa20 is a popular stream cipher that offers reliable encryption and effective operation. The embedded text is converted into a cipher text by XOR it with the encryption key before embedding it in the video, guaranteeing its confidentiality and protecting it from unauthorized access. Comparing the suggested method to current text encryption methods reveals a number of advantages. The Harris Corner Detection technique integrates text into video frames so that it blends in less noticeably, making it more difficult for adversaries to identify the existence of hidden information. Salsa20's use further guarantees the encrypted text's high level of security and protection, defending it against potential attacks. The proposed system is evaluated using MSE, PSNR, correlation, NPCR, UACI and entropy, these evaluation metrics provide excellent results.
{"title":"A Proposed Text Encryption inside Video Using Harris Corner Detection and Salas20 Encryption Algorithm","authors":"Fadhil Abbas Fadhil, Farah Tawfiq Abdul Hussien, Teba Walaa Aldeen Khairi, N. Safiullin","doi":"10.21123/bsj.2023.9168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.9168","url":null,"abstract":"Text encryption in video is a vital tool in many industries where protecting sensitive information is of highest concern. Algorithms and automated detection methods commonly struggle to locate hidden text in video frames. This resistance increases the security of the concealed information because it is challenging for uninvited parties to detect the presence of encrypted text. This research suggests a novel method for text encryption inside video utilizing the Salsa20 encryption algorithm and Harris Corner Detection. The goal of this study is to increase the secrecy and security of textual information that is embedded in video content. First step is locateing important corners or spots inside the video frames, the Harris Corner Detection method is first used. These corners act as strong feature points that can be used to incorporate text. Without degrading the video's overall visual quality, the Harris Corner Detection method aids in precisely localizing the places where text may be concealed. Second, the encryption key is generated using the Salsa20 encryption technique. Salsa20 is a popular stream cipher that offers reliable encryption and effective operation. The embedded text is converted into a cipher text by XOR it with the encryption key before embedding it in the video, guaranteeing its confidentiality and protecting it from unauthorized access. Comparing the suggested method to current text encryption methods reveals a number of advantages. The Harris Corner Detection technique integrates text into video frames so that it blends in less noticeably, making it more difficult for adversaries to identify the existence of hidden information. Salsa20's use further guarantees the encrypted text's high level of security and protection, defending it against potential attacks. The proposed system is evaluated using MSE, PSNR, correlation, NPCR, UACI and entropy, these evaluation metrics provide excellent results.","PeriodicalId":8687,"journal":{"name":"Baghdad Science Journal","volume":"1982 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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