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Molecular Detection of Microsporidia in Cattle in Jahrom, Iran 伊朗贾赫罗姆牛体内小孢子虫的分子检测
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3460
Amin Shafiee, Gholamreza Shokoohi, A. Saadatnia, A. Abolghazi
Background: Microsporidia are eukaryotic, single-celled intracellular parasites that can produce spores. Recently, they have been considered one of the opportunistic pathogens causing chronic diseases. There are more than 140 genera and 1200 species of microsporidia. Many human microsporidia are probably of zoonotic origin and are transmitted by contaminated water with animal feces. Given the zoonotic importance of this parasite and its ability to be transmitted from animals to humans, diagnosing and determining the species of parasite would seem essential for health strategies. Methods: Two hundred fecal samples of slaughtered cows were collected from the Jahrom abattoirs from February 2021 to January 2022 and examined by molecular methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). Results: From the 200 samples examined by PCR, 19 (9.5%) samples tested positive for microsporidia, of which 17 isolates were Enterocytozoon bieneusi and two isolates were Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Conclusion: The results revealed that microsporidia were present in cow feces. In addition, these findings indicated that cows can be considered a source of contamination for microsporidia. Given that this disease is a zoonosis, it is highly important to pay attention to the presence of this parasite in domestic animals that are in contact with humans. Further studies must be performed in different regions and different animals to understand the epizootiology of the pathogen. Eventually, the wide host range of microsporidia necessitates accurate identification of species and genera in all hosts all over the world.
背景:小孢子虫是真核单细胞胞内寄生虫,能产生孢子。最近,它们被认为是导致慢性疾病的机会性病原体之一。小孢子虫有 140 多个属、1200 多个种。人类的许多微孢子虫可能来自人畜共患病,并通过被动物粪便污染的水传播。鉴于这种寄生虫在人畜共患中的重要性及其从动物传染给人类的能力,诊断和确定寄生虫的种类似乎对健康策略至关重要。方法:2021 年 2 月至 2022 年 1 月期间,从贾赫罗姆屠宰场收集了 200 份屠宰奶牛的粪便样本,并通过聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 和限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP-PCR) 等分子方法进行了检测。结果:在通过 PCR 检测的 200 个样本中,19 个样本(9.5%)的微孢子虫检测结果呈阳性,其中 17 个分离株为生物肠虫,2 个分离株为阴沟肠虫。结论结果显示,奶牛粪便中存在微孢子虫。此外,这些结果表明奶牛可被视为微孢子虫的污染源。鉴于这种疾病是一种人畜共患病,因此关注与人类接触的家畜中是否存在这种寄生虫是非常重要的。必须在不同地区和不同动物中开展进一步研究,以了解病原体的流行病学。最后,由于小孢子虫的宿主范围很广,因此有必要对世界各地所有宿主的种和属进行准确鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Detection of Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcusaureus Isolated From Teaching Hospitals in Damascus, Syria 从叙利亚大马士革教学医院分离出的医院获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的分子检测
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3502
Lina ALyousef, Salah Addin Shehadeh, A. Al-Mariri
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an established pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Accurate MRSA diagnosis is of paramount importance to facilitate early and effective treatment and to manage its transmission effectively. The primary objective of our study was to determine the precise prevalence of hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) in select teaching hospitals in Damascus by detecting the presence of the mecA gene. Methods: One hundred Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from various clinical specimens obtained from inpatients admitted to three major teaching hospitals in Damascus, Syria, including Al-Moussat, Al-Assad, and Tishreen Military Hospitals. These patients met the established criteria for HAIs. The isolates were collected between December 2021 and August 2022. Genus and species confirmation were conducted via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), employing the 16SrDNA gene specific to the Staphylococcus genus and the nuc gene specific to S. aureus. Methicillin resistance was assessed using cefoxitin disc diffusion (CDD) in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. The presence of the mecA gene was also detected through PCR. Results: Out of the collected isolates, 67% exhibited resistance to cefoxitin, as determined by the CDD, while 66% were found to be positive for the mecA gene. CDD demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97%. Conclusion: This investigation revealed a notably high incidence of HA-MRSA infections within the teaching hospitals under scrutiny. The CDD method displayed significant sensitivity and specificity, making it a dependable alternative to the mecA PCR for MRSA detection. This finding holds substantial importance for the effective implementation of infection control initiatives and strategies aimed at eradicating MRSA and curtailing its spread within our hospital facilities.
背景:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)是导致医院获得性感染(HAIs)的公认病原体。准确诊断 MRSA 对促进早期有效治疗和有效控制其传播至关重要。我们研究的主要目的是通过检测 mecA 基因的存在,确定大马士革部分教学医院中医院获得性 MRSA(HA-MRSA)的准确流行率。研究方法从叙利亚大马士革三家主要教学医院(包括 Al-Moussat、Al-Assad 和 Tishreen 军事医院)住院病人的各种临床标本中收集了 100 株金黄色葡萄球菌分离物。这些患者符合既定的 HAIs 标准。分离菌株的采集时间为 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 8 月。通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR),利用葡萄球菌属的 16SrDNA 基因和金黄色葡萄球菌的 nuc 基因进行属种确认。根据临床与实验室标准研究所(CLSI)的建议,采用头孢西丁盘扩散法(CDD)评估甲氧西林耐药性。还通过 PCR 检测了 mecA 基因的存在。结果:在收集到的分离株中,经 CDD 检测,67% 的分离株对头孢西丁具有耐药性,66% 的分离株的 mecA 基因呈阳性。CDD 的灵敏度为 100%,特异性为 97%。结论这项调查显示,在所调查的教学医院中,HA-MRSA 感染的发病率明显偏高。CDD 方法显示出显著的灵敏度和特异性,使其成为检测 MRSA 的 mecA PCR 的可靠替代方法。这一发现对于有效实施旨在根除 MRSA 并遏制其在医院设施内传播的感染控制措施和战略具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Molecular Investigation of the mecA Gene and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Patients with Immune System Disorders at Omid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran 从伊朗伊斯法罕市奥米德医院免疫系统紊乱患者身上分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的 mecA 基因和抗生素敏感性模式的分子研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3458
Zahra Babaei, M. Doudi, Ladan Rahimzadeh Torabi
Background: At present, antibiotic-resistant staphylococci, especially methicillin-resistant strains, are prevalent agents of infections in medical centers and hospitals. The objective of the present investigation was to discern and trace the methicillin resistance gene harbored in two bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, obtained from clinical specimens gathered from patients exhibiting immune system deficiency at Omid hospital located in Isfahan. Methods: The present investigation was conducted utilizing a descriptive cross-sectional approach. Initially, a total of 70 clinical isolates comprising 35 isolates of S. aureus and 35 isolates of S. epidermidis were obtained from patients who were diagnosed with immunodeficiency and admitted to Omid Hospital located in Isfahan, Iran, from January 2017 to April 2018. After the characterization of the isolates via morphological and biochemical assessments, subsequent evaluation of their antibiotic sensitivity was performed through the utilization of disk diffusion and Epsilometer test (E-test). Then, the identification of the isolates was conducted using the colony PCR method incorporating primers (MCF, MCR, GAIF, and GAIR) and elucidated through molecular analysis. Results: In this study, all isolates of S. aureus were resistant to cefoxitin and the MIC of this antibiotic was confirmed using E-test. However, of 35 S. epidermidis isolates, 30 isolates (85.7%) were resistant to oxacillin and 5 isolates (14.3%) were sensitive to oxacillin. According to the molecular findings, out of 35 isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, 4 isolates (11.4%) had the mecA gene, and out of 35 isolates of S. epidermidis, 10 isolates (28.5%) had the mecA gene. Conclusion: The present study revealed that precise detection of methicillin resistance in the aforementioned bacterial strains necessitates the employment of both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The frequency of the mecA gene in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was found to be declining. The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) is on the rise.
背景:目前,抗生素耐药的葡萄球菌,尤其是耐甲氧西林菌株,是医疗中心和医院中普遍存在的感染病原体。本次调查的目的是发现并追踪两种细菌菌株(即金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌)的耐甲氧西林基因,这两种菌株是从位于伊斯法罕的奥米德医院的免疫系统缺陷患者的临床标本中获得的。研究方法本次调查采用描述性横断面方法。最初,从 2017 年 1 月至 2018 年 4 月期间在伊朗伊斯法罕市奥米德医院确诊为免疫系统缺陷并住院的患者身上共获得了 70 份临床分离物,其中包括 35 份金黄色葡萄球菌分离物和 35 份表皮葡萄球菌分离物。在通过形态学和生化评估确定分离物的特征后,随后通过磁盘扩散和埃普西勒试验(E-test)对其抗生素敏感性进行了评估。然后,使用含有引物(MCF、MCR、GAIF 和 GAIR)的菌落 PCR 方法对分离物进行鉴定,并通过分子分析加以阐明。结果在这项研究中,所有分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌都对头孢西丁具有耐药性,并通过 E 测试确认了这种抗生素的 MIC 值。然而,在 35 个表皮葡萄球菌分离株中,30 个(85.7%)对奥沙西林耐药,5 个(14.3%)对奥沙西林敏感。分子研究结果显示,在 35 个耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌分离物中,4 个分离物(11.4%)带有 mecA 基因,而在 35 个表皮葡萄球菌分离物中,10 个分离物(28.5%)带有 mecA 基因。结论本研究表明,要精确检测上述细菌菌株对甲氧西林的耐药性,必须同时采用表型和基因型方法。研究发现,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)中的 mecA 基因频率正在下降。耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)的发病率正在上升。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles on the Expression of OqxBGene in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae 纳米硒粒子对肺炎克雷伯氏菌临床分离株中 OqxBGene 表达的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3450
Wassen Hamid Abdolmasoudi, A. Kariminik, Atousa Ferdousi
Background: OqxB is an efflux pump that has emerged as a factor contributing to antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of AcrAB efflux pump resistance genes in clinical samples of K. pneumoniae and to evaluate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), loaded with ampicillin, on the expression of the OqxB gene associated with efflux pumps. Methods: A total of 500 clinical samples were collected from hospitalized patients, and 60 strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated using standard microbiological methods. These strains were then analyzed using phenotypic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to detect the frequency of KPSM, MRK, OqxA, and OqxB genes through multiplex PCR. The impact of Se-NPs loaded with ampicillin on the expression of the OqxB resistance gene was investigated using a real-time PCR technique. Results: Based on the results of this study, it was found that the KPSM gene is not present in any of the investigated K. pneumoniae isolates. However, the MRK, OqxA, and OqxB genes were detected in 57, 55, and 54 isolates, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Se-NP and Se-NPs with ampicillin were reported to be 1500 μg/mL and 375 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, the SeNPs with ampicillin could significantly down-regulate the expression of the OqxB gene. These findings demonstrated the potential of Se-NPs as a promising strategy for reducing antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae infections. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the notable prevalence of drug resistance genes, specifically those associated with efflux pump production, in clinical samples of K. pneumoniae. Remarkably, the utilization of Se nanoparticles loaded with ampicillin demonstrated its efficacy in suppressing the expression of the OqxB gene and enhancing bacterial susceptibility to ampicillin. The results further imply that Se-NPs could serve as a promising avenue for the development of innovative antibacterial agents, aimed at combating antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae infections.
背景:OqxB 是一种外排泵,它已成为导致肺炎克雷伯氏菌产生抗生素耐药性的一个因素。本研究旨在调查肺炎克雷伯菌临床样本中 AcrAB 外排泵耐药基因的发生情况,并评估负载氨苄西林的硒纳米颗粒(Se-NPs)对与外排泵相关的 OqxB 基因表达的影响。研究方法从住院患者身上共采集了 500 份临床样本,采用标准微生物学方法分离出 60 株肺炎克氏菌。然后使用表型和聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术对这些菌株进行分析,通过多重 PCR 检测 KPSM、MRK、OqxA 和 OqxB 基因的频率。使用实时 PCR 技术研究了装载氨苄青霉素的 Se-NPs 对 OqxB 抗性基因表达的影响。研究结果根据这项研究的结果,发现所调查的肺炎克雷伯菌分离物中都不存在 KPSM 基因。然而,在 57、55 和 54 个分离株中分别检测到了 MRK、OqxA 和 OqxB 基因。据报道,Se-NP 和 Se-NP 与氨苄西林的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值分别为 1500 μg/mL 和 375 μg/mL。值得注意的是,含有氨苄青霉素的 SeNPs 能显著下调 OqxB 基因的表达。这些研究结果表明,Se-NPs 有可能成为减少肺炎双球菌感染中抗生素耐药性的一种有效策略。结论研究结果表明,在肺炎克雷伯菌的临床样本中,耐药基因,特别是与外排泵产生相关的耐药基因非常普遍。值得注意的是,利用负载氨苄青霉素的 Se 纳米粒子能有效抑制 OqxB 基因的表达,增强细菌对氨苄青霉素的敏感性。这些结果进一步表明,Se-NPs 可以作为开发创新型抗菌剂的一个很有前途的途径,以对抗肺炎克氏菌感染中的抗生素耐药性。
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引用次数: 0
Genotypic Investigation of Antibiotic Resistant blaOXA-4 Gene in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株耐药 blaOXA-4 基因的基因型研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3471
Milad Gholampour Matin, R. Shapouri, M. Nahaei, Mojtaba Mohammadi Roknabadi, Rasoul Shokri
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for 10-15% of hospital infections worldwide. The acquisition of resistance genes is one of the important mechanisms that causes the spread of resistance in this bacterium. This study aimed to conduct a phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the blaOXA-4 resistance gene in P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples. Methods: In this study, 110 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from various clinical samples. The disk diffusion method was applied to reveal the resistance pattern in the isolates. Moreover, the combined disk method was used for the phenotypic analysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Finally, the presence of the blaOXA-4 beta-lactamase gene was analyzed genotypically by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) method. Results: The highest sensitivity and resistance of the isolates were related to amikacin (65.45%) and ceftazidime (86.36%), respectively. The phenotypic analysis indicated that 72 isolates (65.45%) of P. aeruginosa are ESBL-producing. Furthermore, the presence of blaOXA-4 was approved genotypically in 33 P. aeruginosa isolates (45.83%). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa in the East Azerbaijan population that may be associated with the presence of the blaOXA-4 gene. However, further studies are necessary to identify other resistant genes in ESBL-producing isolates and other geographical areas with larger sample size.
背景:铜绿假单胞菌是一种机会性革兰阴性菌,占全球医院感染病例的 10-15%。耐药基因的获得是导致该细菌耐药性扩散的重要机制之一。本研究旨在对从临床样本中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌的 blaOXA-4 耐药基因进行表型和基因型调查。研究方法本研究从各种临床样本中分离出 110 株铜绿假单胞菌。采用磁盘扩散法揭示分离株的耐药性模式。此外,还采用了组合磁盘法对扩谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)进行表型分析。最后,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法对 blaOXA-4 β-内酰胺酶基因进行基因型分析。结果分离菌株对阿米卡星(65.45%)和头孢他啶(86.36%)的敏感性和耐药性最高。表型分析表明,72 株(65.45%)铜绿假单胞菌可产生 ESBL。此外,33 个铜绿假单胞菌分离物(45.83%)的基因型被证实存在 blaOXA-4。结论本研究揭示了东阿塞拜疆人群中铜绿假单胞菌耐抗生素分离株的高流行率,这可能与 blaOXA-4 基因的存在有关。不过,有必要开展进一步研究,以确定产生 ESBL 的分离株中的其他耐药基因,并在其他地区开展更大规模的样本研究。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using Zinc Phthalocyanine Nanoemulsion Against Infected Wounds in Diabetic Rats 利用酞菁锌纳米乳液对糖尿病大鼠感染伤口进行抗菌光动力疗法
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3496
Sara Soleymani Sedeh, M. Fatemi, F. Ghandehari
Background: Chronic diabetic infections commonly involve highly antibiotic-resistant pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci. This study aimed to assess the impact of zinc (Zn) phthalocyanine incorporated into nanoemulsions on diabetic wound infections. Methods: Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into control, diabetic wound, diabetic wound infected with S. aureus, and three diabetic wound infected with S. aureus groups, which were treated with laser, medication, and a combination of medication and laser therapy. After the treatment period, wound diameter was measured, and blood samples and wound tissue were collected to evaluate antioxidant factors. Results: The results demonstrated a significant reduction in wound diameter in the group treated with both the drug and laser compared to the other groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), along with the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the blood of all groups, exhibited a significant decrease in comparison to the control group. However, the activity of these factors in both blood and tissue showed a noteworthy increase in the rats treated with both the drug and laser, as opposed to diabetic rats infected with S. aureus. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for infectious wounds, employing nanoemulsions containing Zn phthalocyanine, appears to enhance the body’s antioxidant system by eradicating bacteria and, ultimately, expediting wound healing. This approach may be considered a potential candidate for treating antibiotic-resistant infections.
背景:慢性糖尿病感染通常涉及高度耐抗生素的病原体,如金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌。本研究旨在评估酞菁锌对糖尿病伤口感染的影响。研究方法将 36 只成年雄性大鼠分为对照组、糖尿病伤口组、感染金黄色葡萄球菌的糖尿病伤口组和感染金黄色葡萄球菌的糖尿病伤口三组,分别进行激光、药物以及药物和激光联合治疗。治疗结束后,测量伤口直径,采集血液样本和伤口组织,评估抗氧化因子。结果显示结果表明,与其他组相比,药物和激光联合治疗组的伤口直径明显缩小。与对照组相比,各组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的活性以及血液中谷胱甘肽(GSH)的浓度均显著下降。不过,与感染了金黄色葡萄球菌的糖尿病大鼠相比,同时接受药物和激光治疗的大鼠血液和组织中这些因子的活性都有明显提高。结论利用含有酞菁锌的纳米乳剂对感染性伤口进行光动力疗法(PDT)似乎可以通过消灭细菌来增强人体的抗氧化系统,并最终加快伤口愈合。这种方法可被视为治疗抗生素感染的潜在候选方法。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial and Anti-pathogenic Activity of New Naphtho [1,2,4] Triazol-Thiadiazin Derivatives 新型萘并 [1,2,4] 三唑-噻二嗪衍生物的抗菌和抗病原活性
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3452
Maryam Kouhkan, M. Mahmoody, J. Khalafy, A. Souldozi, Mahsa Mohammadlou, Nazila Khorram Maslak
Background: Antimicrobials are one of the extremely important categories of drugs for the treatment, control, and prevention of microbial diseases, but the development of drug resistance against clinically used antibacterial agents has increased the demand for the design and synthesis of new drugs. We have previously synthesized new series of 10-substituted-5H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazin derivatives (4a-4f). In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of these derivatives against some pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: The reaction of 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone with 4-amino-5-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3- thiols in ethanol at 50 ̊C gave the corresponding 2-[(4-amino-5-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3 yl)thio] naphthalene-1,4- diones. Moreover, their treatment with EtOH/HCl under reflux conditions produced 10-substituted-5H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-5- ones through intramolecular cyclization. The well agar diffusion and agar dilution methods were used during the preliminary evaluation of antimicrobial activity for the determination of inhibition zone (IZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Seven tetracyclic heterocyclic ring systems were produced under reflux conditions. The structures of all the products were identified by their FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral data and by elemental analysis. The results revealed that the antibacterial activity of compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are higher than that of the others, and compounds 4d, 4a, 4e, and 4f exerted the greatest effect on fungal samples. Conclusion: All synthesized compounds exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. In this study, compounds 4a-4g exhibited highly potent antimicrobial activity and acceptable selectivity index against Staphylococcal and Candida infections.
背景:抗菌药物是治疗、控制和预防微生物疾病的极为重要的药物类别之一,但临床常用抗菌药物耐药性的发展增加了对新药设计和合成的需求。我们之前合成了一系列新的 10-取代-5H-萘并[1,2-e][1,2,4]三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪衍生物(4a-4f)。在本研究中,我们评估了这些衍生物对一些病原微生物的抗菌活性。研究方法2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone 与 4-amino-5-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3- thiols 在乙醇中于 50 ̊C 发生反应,得到相应的 2-[(4-amino-5-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3yl)thio]萘-1,4-二酮。此外,在回流条件下用 EtOH/HCl 对其进行处理,通过分子内环化生成了 10-取代的-5H-萘并[1,2-e][1,2,4]三唑并[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪-5-酮。在抗菌活性的初步评价中,采用了井式琼脂扩散法和琼脂稀释法测定抑菌区(IZ)和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果在回流条件下生成了七个四环杂环系统。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、1H 和 13C NMR 光谱数据以及元素分析,确定了所有产物的结构。结果表明,化合物 4a、4b、4c 和 4d 的抗菌活性高于其他化合物,而化合物 4d、4a、4e 和 4f 对真菌样品的作用最大。结论所有合成化合物都具有良好的抗菌和抗真菌活性。在本研究中,化合物 4a-4g 对葡萄球菌和念珠菌感染具有很强的抗菌活性和可接受的选择性指数。
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引用次数: 0
Seroprevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis and Risk Factors in Nahavand, Hamadan, Western Iran 伊朗西部哈马丹纳哈万地区人囊性包虫病血清患病率及危险因素分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3442
Manizheh Kashinahanji, Mehran Bakhtiari, Faeze Foroughi-Parvar
Background: Hydatid cyst is a global infectious disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The annual incidence of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Iran varies from 0 to 61 in 100,000 cases, depending on geographical conditions, epidemiological factors, and diagnostic methods. Studies showed that E. granulosus infection is one of the most important health problems in most parts of the country. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 cases referring to Shahid Ghodoosi and Shahid Alimoradi hospital laboratories in Nahavand, Hamadan, Western Iran. IgG antibodies against hydatid cysts were evaluated by the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and socio-demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Then, data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Out of 400 subjects in this study, five (1.25%) were positive for CE IgG antibodies by the ELISA method. Two (40%) females and three (60%) males were reported positive for CE IgG via the ELISA Hydatid test. Rural residents consisted of the majority of positive cases (80%). Nearly all of the hydatid-infected subjects were categorized in the age group above 50. Moreover, housewives and self-employed businesses were identified as the two occupations with the highest antibody titers against E. granulosus. In addition, no significant statistical difference was observed in variables. Conclusion: Although the frequency of hydatid cyst infection in Nahavand is lower than the average proportion confirmed by previous studies in the country, due to the numerous records of hydatid cyst disease in the region, the establishment of health programs is regarded essential to control this parasitic infection.
背景:包虫病是一种由细粒棘球绦虫幼虫期引起的全球性传染病。根据地理条件、流行病学因素和诊断方法的不同,伊朗人囊性包虫病(CE)的年发病率在10万例中从0例到61例不等。研究表明,细粒大肠杆菌感染是该国大部分地区最重要的健康问题之一。方法:对伊朗西部哈马丹纳哈万的Shahid Ghodoosi和Shahid Alimoradi医院实验室的400例病例进行了描述性横断面研究。采用商用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒检测抗包虫囊IgG抗体,并采用问卷调查收集社会人口统计数据。然后用SPSS软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:400例受试者中,ELISA法检测CE IgG抗体阳性5例(1.25%)。2例(40%)女性和3例(60%)男性通过ELISA包虫试验报告CE IgG阳性。阳性病例以农村居民为主(80%)。几乎所有的包虫病感染者都在50岁以上的年龄组。此外,家庭主妇和个体工商户是颗粒性大肠杆菌抗体滴度最高的两种职业。此外,各变量间差异无统计学意义。结论:虽然nahaand地区的包虫病感染频率低于全国以往研究证实的平均比例,但由于该地区包虫病记录众多,因此建立卫生规划对控制这种寄生虫感染至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Activity and Medicinal Plants in the North and East of Syria: A Review Study 叙利亚北部和东部的抗菌活性和药用植物:综述研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3457
Mostafa Alamholo, Aladdin Sheikhmous Murad
Herbal plants contain a medicinal source with antimicrobial properties that offer a safer and more cost-effective method to treat human pathogens. Scientists in the field are performing research on plants to discover their potential antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to conduct a review of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and investigate particular herbal plants with medicinal activities in the north and east of Syria. Considering that some herbal plants, including Cuminum cyminum, Mentha piperita, Allium cepa, Majorana hortensis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Thymus capitatus, Achillea millefolium, Malva parviflor, and Capparis spinose, have antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, the products obtained from these plants may be used to control the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, this study focused on the chemical compounds, including p-cymene, kaempferol, quercetin, capsaicin, 1,8-cineole, flavonoids, gallic acid, and alkaloids, which play a role in inhibiting microbial growth. Based on the results obtained from this review study, using these herbal plants can control human infectious, pathogenic, cancerous, and antioxidant diseases.
草药植物含有具有抗菌特性的药用来源,为治疗人类病原体提供了一种更安全、更具成本效益的方法。该领域的科学家正在对植物进行研究,以发现它们潜在的抗菌化合物。本研究旨在对叙利亚北部和东部的抗菌和抗氧化特性进行综述,并调查具有药用活性的特定草药植物。鉴于Cuminum cyminum、Mentha piperita、Allium cepa、Majorana hortensis、Eucalyptus camaldulensis、thyymus capitatus、Achillea millefolium、Malva parviflor和Capparis spinose等一些草本植物具有抗真菌、抗菌和抗氧化活性,这些植物的产物可用于控制病原微生物的生长。此外,本研究还重点研究了对花香烃、山奈酚、槲皮素、辣椒素、1,8-桉树脑、黄酮类化合物、没食子酸和生物碱等具有抑制微生物生长作用的化合物。根据本综述的研究结果,利用这些草药植物可以控制人类的传染性、致病性、癌变性和抗氧化性疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Nisin/Chitosan Composite on Cotton Fabric Textile Nisin/壳聚糖复合材料对棉织物的抗菌效果评价
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.3477
Mahboubeh Mirhosseini, Maede Afzali, Hosein Molla Hoseini, Sara Khaleghizadeh
Background: The spread of nosocomial infections may be caused by contact between the patient’s body and textile materials used in medical practices. Therefore, it is necessary to use effective antimicrobial textiles to prevent the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of infections. Methods: In this research, chitosan was utilized to bind nisin to the surface of cotton fabric. The binding properties of nisin on the fabric were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The antibacterial effectiveness of fabrics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis was measured. The durability of the antimicrobial properties of these fabrics was checked after 10 washing cycles. Additionally, the toxicity of this fabric on fibroblast cells was determined using the MTT colorimetry after 7 days. Results: Chitosan-nisin formed a homogeneous and colorless layer on the cotton fabric. Antibacterial results showed that nisin improved the antibacterial effect of coated fabrics against all tested bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of the fabric coated with chitosan-nisin were maintained at approximately 100%, 17.26%, 8.55%, 2.98%, 1.38%, and 17.4% efficacy against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. faecalis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Furthermore, the chitosan-nisin coating demonstrated no significant toxic effect on fibroblast cells even after 1 week. Conclusion: The results suggest that the chitosan-nisin coating could be utilized in the production of medical textiles and underwear. Moreover, it offers an innovative solution to protect human health and the environment.
背景:医院感染的传播可能是由患者身体与医疗实践中使用的纺织材料接触引起的。因此,有必要使用有效的抗菌纺织品,以防止致病菌的传播和感染的发生。方法:利用壳聚糖将乳清蛋白与棉织物表面结合。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术研究了nisin在织物上的结合特性。测定了织物对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核增生李斯特菌和粪肠球菌的抑菌效果。在10次洗涤循环后,检测了这些织物的抗菌性能耐久性。另外,7天后用MTT比色法测定该织物对成纤维细胞的毒性。结果:壳聚糖-乳清在棉织物上形成均匀无色层。抗菌结果表明,nisin提高了涂层织物对所有细菌的抗菌效果。壳聚糖-nisin包被织物对蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠杆菌、单核增生乳杆菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌效果分别为100%、17.26%、8.55%、2.98%、1.38%和17.4%。此外,壳聚糖-乳清包被在1周后对成纤维细胞没有明显的毒性作用。结论:壳聚糖乳清涂层可用于医用纺织品和内衣生产。此外,它为保护人类健康和环境提供了一种创新的解决方案。
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Nisin/Chitosan Composite on Cotton Fabric Textile","authors":"Mahboubeh Mirhosseini, Maede Afzali, Hosein Molla Hoseini, Sara Khaleghizadeh","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.3477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.3477","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The spread of nosocomial infections may be caused by contact between the patient’s body and textile materials used in medical practices. Therefore, it is necessary to use effective antimicrobial textiles to prevent the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of infections. Methods: In this research, chitosan was utilized to bind nisin to the surface of cotton fabric. The binding properties of nisin on the fabric were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The antibacterial effectiveness of fabrics against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis was measured. The durability of the antimicrobial properties of these fabrics was checked after 10 washing cycles. Additionally, the toxicity of this fabric on fibroblast cells was determined using the MTT colorimetry after 7 days. Results: Chitosan-nisin formed a homogeneous and colorless layer on the cotton fabric. Antibacterial results showed that nisin improved the antibacterial effect of coated fabrics against all tested bacteria. The antimicrobial properties of the fabric coated with chitosan-nisin were maintained at approximately 100%, 17.26%, 8.55%, 2.98%, 1.38%, and 17.4% efficacy against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. faecalis, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Furthermore, the chitosan-nisin coating demonstrated no significant toxic effect on fibroblast cells even after 1 week. Conclusion: The results suggest that the chitosan-nisin coating could be utilized in the production of medical textiles and underwear. Moreover, it offers an innovative solution to protect human health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection
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