Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3337
A. Rahi, M. Marhamatizadeh
Background: Lactobacilli are among the most important known probiotic species, and efforts are underway to isolate them from various sources. The beneficial effect of probiotics on health is the main reason for their wide use in dairy products, including yogurt. This research was conducted to isolate and identify Lactobacillus species present in traditional Iranian yogurt. Methods: Thirty samples of traditional yogurt were collected from different regions of the Gachsaran district south of Iran. Bacterial isolations were performed according to the standard international protocols. Following successive culturing on selective media, obtaining typical colonies, and conducting microscopic examinations, five isolates were selected and analyzed for anti-microbial activities against three bacteria and two pathogenic fungi. To confirm biochemical results, three bacterial isolates were selected for molecular analysis and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Lactobacillus paracasei JCM1171 with 1384 nucleotides and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. Plantarum.A1 with 1380 nucleotides were isolated based on investigations. The most anti-microbial activities were related to strain A, and the least effects belonged to strain X3. Moreover, among the applied pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus, Aspergillus niger had the highest sensitivity. Conclusion: Probiotic bacteria have highly beneficial effects on the host, and their mechanism of action is through functions such as the production of bioactive compounds. In addition to dairy products, this bacterium has the potential to be isolated from non-dairy products and even plant products, and this issue can be an idea to isolate this bacterium from other sources and even identify new species with probiotic potential.
{"title":"Investigating the Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus Species Isolated From Dairy Products","authors":"A. Rahi, M. Marhamatizadeh","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3337","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lactobacilli are among the most important known probiotic species, and efforts are underway to isolate them from various sources. The beneficial effect of probiotics on health is the main reason for their wide use in dairy products, including yogurt. This research was conducted to isolate and identify Lactobacillus species present in traditional Iranian yogurt. Methods: Thirty samples of traditional yogurt were collected from different regions of the Gachsaran district south of Iran. Bacterial isolations were performed according to the standard international protocols. Following successive culturing on selective media, obtaining typical colonies, and conducting microscopic examinations, five isolates were selected and analyzed for anti-microbial activities against three bacteria and two pathogenic fungi. To confirm biochemical results, three bacterial isolates were selected for molecular analysis and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Lactobacillus paracasei JCM1171 with 1384 nucleotides and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. Plantarum.A1 with 1380 nucleotides were isolated based on investigations. The most anti-microbial activities were related to strain A, and the least effects belonged to strain X3. Moreover, among the applied pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus, Aspergillus niger had the highest sensitivity. Conclusion: Probiotic bacteria have highly beneficial effects on the host, and their mechanism of action is through functions such as the production of bioactive compounds. In addition to dairy products, this bacterium has the potential to be isolated from non-dairy products and even plant products, and this issue can be an idea to isolate this bacterium from other sources and even identify new species with probiotic potential.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83784837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3399
Morteza Bahaaldin-Beygi, A. Kariminik, M. Arababadi
Aim: Chemokines, cytokines, and their related molecules play crucial roles in the fight against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its related complications. Royal jelly (RJ) is considered an immunomodulatory factor for humans. This clinical trial study aimed to explore the RJ effects on the relative expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, IFN-β, NANOG, OCT4, BAX, and MAVS in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: The CHB patients were under one month of RJ treatment, 1 g/d. The relative expressions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, IFN-β, NANOG, OCT4, BAX, and MAVS were evaluated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: RJ feeding significantly increased the expression of BAX in the peripheral blood immune cells of CHB patients. However, relative expressions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, IFN-β, NANOG, OCT4, and MAVS were not altered following RJ feeding. Conclusion: RJ can modulate immune responses via induction of homeostasis in the peripheral blood immune cells of CHB patients. Reduced inflammation following RJ feeding may be a result of homeostasis in the peripheral blood immune cells.
{"title":"Royal Jelly Feeding as a Main Inducer of Bcl-2-associated X Protein in the Peripheral Blood Immune Cells of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B","authors":"Morteza Bahaaldin-Beygi, A. Kariminik, M. Arababadi","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3399","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Chemokines, cytokines, and their related molecules play crucial roles in the fight against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its related complications. Royal jelly (RJ) is considered an immunomodulatory factor for humans. This clinical trial study aimed to explore the RJ effects on the relative expression of CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, IFN-β, NANOG, OCT4, BAX, and MAVS in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: The CHB patients were under one month of RJ treatment, 1 g/d. The relative expressions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, IFN-β, NANOG, OCT4, BAX, and MAVS were evaluated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: RJ feeding significantly increased the expression of BAX in the peripheral blood immune cells of CHB patients. However, relative expressions of CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, IFN-β, NANOG, OCT4, and MAVS were not altered following RJ feeding. Conclusion: RJ can modulate immune responses via induction of homeostasis in the peripheral blood immune cells of CHB patients. Reduced inflammation following RJ feeding may be a result of homeostasis in the peripheral blood immune cells.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79336969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3389
Nooshin Mojahed, Mohammad Ali Mohammadkhani, M. Pourasgari, Golnosh Gol-Jah Rad, A. Mohamadkhani
Background: Viral gastroenteritis infection, a prevalent condition in adolescents and children, is still a rigid and serious problem among humans. This disease is responsible for up to three million fatalities nationwide. noroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and sapoviruses are the most common and well-known pathogens associated with viral gastroenteritis agents. In this systematic review, we extracted all original articles and data on viral gastroenteritis that were performed on the Iranian pediatric population. Methods: To investigate the viral agent pathogens of gastroenteritis in Iran, 48 articles on the identification of viral gastroenteritis were gathered from the existing data. Viral gastroenteritis was detected in fourteen provinces, including the southern and northern parts of Iran. The seasonal distribution in Iran was analyzed as well. Finally, all the data from 1978-2021, along with their detailed information, were summarized, including the number of patients, the number of positive cases, applied technics, and the region of the studied cases in Iran. Results: Based on the results, most of the viral detection was associated with Rotavirus, the major pathogen responsible for gastroenteritis disease, followed by Adenovirus, Norovirus, Parechovirus, Bocavirus, Astrovirus, Aichivirus, Sapovirus, and three case reports of SARS-CoV-2 that were associated with viral gastroenteritis. Conclusion: Different studies conducted over Iran, including the northern, southern, and central regions, were obtained based on the data. Most studies had been merely dedicated to rotavirus, which had the highest prevalence of all other viral gastroenteritis. Our review clearly demonstrated that Rotavirus genotype G1P [8] is the dominating sereotype among the other studied gastroenteritis viral agents in Iran in which the most frequency rate was during the winter (44.26%), while the least frequency rate was observed during summer (8.96%).
{"title":"Viral Gastroenteritis Prevalence in Iranian Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nooshin Mojahed, Mohammad Ali Mohammadkhani, M. Pourasgari, Golnosh Gol-Jah Rad, A. Mohamadkhani","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3389","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Viral gastroenteritis infection, a prevalent condition in adolescents and children, is still a rigid and serious problem among humans. This disease is responsible for up to three million fatalities nationwide. noroviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and sapoviruses are the most common and well-known pathogens associated with viral gastroenteritis agents. In this systematic review, we extracted all original articles and data on viral gastroenteritis that were performed on the Iranian pediatric population. Methods: To investigate the viral agent pathogens of gastroenteritis in Iran, 48 articles on the identification of viral gastroenteritis were gathered from the existing data. Viral gastroenteritis was detected in fourteen provinces, including the southern and northern parts of Iran. The seasonal distribution in Iran was analyzed as well. Finally, all the data from 1978-2021, along with their detailed information, were summarized, including the number of patients, the number of positive cases, applied technics, and the region of the studied cases in Iran. Results: Based on the results, most of the viral detection was associated with Rotavirus, the major pathogen responsible for gastroenteritis disease, followed by Adenovirus, Norovirus, Parechovirus, Bocavirus, Astrovirus, Aichivirus, Sapovirus, and three case reports of SARS-CoV-2 that were associated with viral gastroenteritis. Conclusion: Different studies conducted over Iran, including the northern, southern, and central regions, were obtained based on the data. Most studies had been merely dedicated to rotavirus, which had the highest prevalence of all other viral gastroenteritis. Our review clearly demonstrated that Rotavirus genotype G1P [8] is the dominating sereotype among the other studied gastroenteritis viral agents in Iran in which the most frequency rate was during the winter (44.26%), while the least frequency rate was observed during summer (8.96%).","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87877656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3397
Mahshad Javid Moghadam, S. Maktabi, M. Zarei, Pezhman Mahmoodi Koohi
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is important for researchers because it increases the risk of food contamination in the food industry, increases the pathogenicity of bacteria, and damages the equipment. The main purpose of this study was to find out the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Oliveria decumbens essential oil (Od-EO) against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of Od-EO were tested against four strong biofilm producers. S. aureus isolates were obtained from food and humans. The antibacterial properties of Od-EO on planktonic S. aureus were investigated using the disk diffusion method; further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The microtiter plate (MTP) method and slime production evaluation were used to assess the inhibitory effect of Od-EO on S. aureus biofilm formation. Results: Od-EO indicated strong antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. aureus. After performing tests related to the anti-biofilm activity of Od-EO, it was found that Od-EO significantly reduced slime production and thus inhibited biofilm formation. Conclusions: Od-EO and its components can be used as a new anti-biofilm agent in medical, dental, and food industry equipment.
{"title":"Inhibitory Activity of Oliveria decumbens Essential Oil on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm and Planktonic Cells","authors":"Mahshad Javid Moghadam, S. Maktabi, M. Zarei, Pezhman Mahmoodi Koohi","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.3397","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is important for researchers because it increases the risk of food contamination in the food industry, increases the pathogenicity of bacteria, and damages the equipment. The main purpose of this study was to find out the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Oliveria decumbens essential oil (Od-EO) against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of Od-EO were tested against four strong biofilm producers. S. aureus isolates were obtained from food and humans. The antibacterial properties of Od-EO on planktonic S. aureus were investigated using the disk diffusion method; further, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The microtiter plate (MTP) method and slime production evaluation were used to assess the inhibitory effect of Od-EO on S. aureus biofilm formation. Results: Od-EO indicated strong antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. aureus. After performing tests related to the anti-biofilm activity of Od-EO, it was found that Od-EO significantly reduced slime production and thus inhibited biofilm formation. Conclusions: Od-EO and its components can be used as a new anti-biofilm agent in medical, dental, and food industry equipment.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83870417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banafsheh Douzandeh-Mobarrez, A. Kariminik, B. Kheirkhah
Background: Micro-RNAs (miRs) play several roles during infections with viruses. Therefore, the roles of miR21 and mir155 in the induction of the viral-related cancers have been the focus of attention in several studies. High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are the main factors negatively contributing to the induction of HPV-related cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of miR21 and mir155 in the patients with HPV-high risk genotypes in order to explore the roles of the miRs in the induction of HPV-related cancers. Methods: In this study, 40 women infected with the high-risk HPV genotypes as well as 40 healthy controls were examined regarding the relative expression of miR21 and mir155 by adopting real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. U6 was used for data normalization of miRNAs. Results: Relative expressions of both miR21 and miR155 were significantly higher in the HPV-infected patients compared to those in non-infected women. Conclusions: It was concluded that miR21 and miR155 may have played key roles in the induction of HPV-related cancers among Iranian patients.
{"title":"MicroRNA155 May Be an Important Part of Human Papilloma Virus-Related Cancers","authors":"Banafsheh Douzandeh-Mobarrez, A. Kariminik, B. Kheirkhah","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Micro-RNAs (miRs) play several roles during infections with viruses. Therefore, the roles of miR21 and mir155 in the induction of the viral-related cancers have been the focus of attention in several studies. High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are the main factors negatively contributing to the induction of HPV-related cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of miR21 and mir155 in the patients with HPV-high risk genotypes in order to explore the roles of the miRs in the induction of HPV-related cancers. Methods: In this study, 40 women infected with the high-risk HPV genotypes as well as 40 healthy controls were examined regarding the relative expression of miR21 and mir155 by adopting real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. U6 was used for data normalization of miRNAs. Results: Relative expressions of both miR21 and miR155 were significantly higher in the HPV-infected patients compared to those in non-infected women. Conclusions: It was concluded that miR21 and miR155 may have played key roles in the induction of HPV-related cancers among Iranian patients.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73244031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Jalili, S. Bashirian, M. Faryabi, Mina Noroozbeygi, Ebrahim Daneshyar, S. Ghelichkhani, S. Khazaei, G. Solgi
Aim: Seroprevalence among health care workers (HCWs) has been estimated in different studies in various regions and countries. This study aimed to screen the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG seroprevalences and to assess the durability of IgG seropositivity, as well as the incidence of subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a group of Iranian HCWs. Methods: This voluntary serological screening was prospectively performed on 800 HCWs (492 females and 308 males) in Hamadan between November 2020 and February 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at two-time intervals. Results: Overall, 243 out of 800 (30.38%) and 66 (8.25%) cases were IgG and IgM seropositive at their first antibody assessment, respectively. The male staff had a higher seroprevalence than females (31.49% vs. 29.67% for IgG, P=0.59 and 10.39% vs. 6.91% for IgM, P=0.08). Higher prevalences for both antibodies were found in the age group of 30-39.9 years (P=0.12 and P=0.05, respectively). In the second antibody screening, 81 (56.6%) cases were IgG seropositive. The mean titer of the first IgG antibody assessment in seropositive cases was lower than that of the second titer (2.95±2.07 vs. 5.08±4.01 cut-off index (COI) , P=1.4×10-5 ). Moreover, the comparison of the first and second IgG titers among 81 seropositive cases demonstrated a significantly increased level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (5.08±4.01 vs. 3.49±2.41 COI, P=0.002). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the mean level of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was significantly increased in the seropositive individuals after 2 months of follow-up.
{"title":"Elevated Levels of Anti-SARS-Cov2 IgG Antibody in Health Care Workers in Hospitals From Hamadan Province, Iran: A Prospective Study","authors":"E. Jalili, S. Bashirian, M. Faryabi, Mina Noroozbeygi, Ebrahim Daneshyar, S. Ghelichkhani, S. Khazaei, G. Solgi","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Seroprevalence among health care workers (HCWs) has been estimated in different studies in various regions and countries. This study aimed to screen the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG seroprevalences and to assess the durability of IgG seropositivity, as well as the incidence of subsequent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a group of Iranian HCWs. Methods: This voluntary serological screening was prospectively performed on 800 HCWs (492 females and 308 males) in Hamadan between November 2020 and February 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at two-time intervals. Results: Overall, 243 out of 800 (30.38%) and 66 (8.25%) cases were IgG and IgM seropositive at their first antibody assessment, respectively. The male staff had a higher seroprevalence than females (31.49% vs. 29.67% for IgG, P=0.59 and 10.39% vs. 6.91% for IgM, P=0.08). Higher prevalences for both antibodies were found in the age group of 30-39.9 years (P=0.12 and P=0.05, respectively). In the second antibody screening, 81 (56.6%) cases were IgG seropositive. The mean titer of the first IgG antibody assessment in seropositive cases was lower than that of the second titer (2.95±2.07 vs. 5.08±4.01 cut-off index (COI) , P=1.4×10-5 ). Moreover, the comparison of the first and second IgG titers among 81 seropositive cases demonstrated a significantly increased level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (5.08±4.01 vs. 3.49±2.41 COI, P=0.002). Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the mean level of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was significantly increased in the seropositive individuals after 2 months of follow-up.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85090922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gharavi, J. Zarei, Parisa Roshani Asl, Zahra Yazdanyar, Masoud Sharif, Niloufar Rashidi
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is identified as the most frequent agent of bacterial infections in humans which can cause various gastrointestinal diseases. This pathogen has infected approximately half of the world’s population, and its outbreak has varied across different regions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the H. pylori infection prevalence amongst patients in Fardis county, Alborz province, Iran, using noninvasive methods. Methods: A total of 5677 patients were analyzed from September 2020 to October 2021 to detect H. pylori by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG, IgA, and IgM tests, stool antigen test (SAT), and urea breath test (UBT). Results: Of 5677 patients, 3486 (61.4%) were female and 2191 (38.6%) were male with the mean age of 38.82 ± 18.289 years old. The overall rate of H. pylori infection positive was 31.46%, and the serological tests were the most prescribed types of tests. The IgG test and then SAT detected the most positive cases. Further, the infection rate was significantly associated with age. Except for the case of IgM, which was higher in females compared to males, no significant difference was found between gender and bacteria outbreak. Conclusions: This study indicated a decline in H. pylori infection prevalence compared with the prior survey conducted at this center. However, its rate amongst the patients referring to Fardis laboratory is still high.
背景:幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)被认为是人类最常见的细菌感染病原体，可引起各种胃肠道疾病。这种病原体感染了世界上大约一半的人口，其爆发在不同地区有所不同。本研究的目的是使用无创方法估计伊朗阿尔博尔兹省法尔迪斯县患者中幽门螺杆菌感染的患病率。方法:对2020年9月至2021年10月共5677例患者进行分析，采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、IgG、IgA和IgM试验、粪便抗原试验(SAT)和尿素呼气试验(UBT)检测幽门螺杆菌。结果:5677例患者中，女性3486例(61.4%)，男性2191例(38.6%)，平均年龄38.82±18.289岁。幽门螺杆菌感染检出率为31.46%，血清学检查是最常用的检查类型。IgG检测和SAT检测阳性病例最多。此外，感染率与年龄显著相关。除了IgM在女性中高于男性外，性别和细菌爆发之间没有显著差异。结论:本研究表明，与该中心先前进行的调查相比，幽门螺杆菌感染率有所下降。然而，在转诊到法迪斯实验室的患者中，其发病率仍然很高。
{"title":"Determination of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Prevalence by Non-invasive Methods","authors":"M. Gharavi, J. Zarei, Parisa Roshani Asl, Zahra Yazdanyar, Masoud Sharif, Niloufar Rashidi","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is identified as the most frequent agent of bacterial infections in humans which can cause various gastrointestinal diseases. This pathogen has infected approximately half of the world’s population, and its outbreak has varied across different regions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the H. pylori infection prevalence amongst patients in Fardis county, Alborz province, Iran, using noninvasive methods. Methods: A total of 5677 patients were analyzed from September 2020 to October 2021 to detect H. pylori by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG, IgA, and IgM tests, stool antigen test (SAT), and urea breath test (UBT). Results: Of 5677 patients, 3486 (61.4%) were female and 2191 (38.6%) were male with the mean age of 38.82 ± 18.289 years old. The overall rate of H. pylori infection positive was 31.46%, and the serological tests were the most prescribed types of tests. The IgG test and then SAT detected the most positive cases. Further, the infection rate was significantly associated with age. Except for the case of IgM, which was higher in females compared to males, no significant difference was found between gender and bacteria outbreak. Conclusions: This study indicated a decline in H. pylori infection prevalence compared with the prior survey conducted at this center. However, its rate amongst the patients referring to Fardis laboratory is still high.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79733411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Yousefsaber, Z. Naseri, Amir Hossein Hasani
Background: Microbial forensics is a multidisciplinary area, which has been recently considered an effective tool in forensic investigations. This growing field of forensics covers a wide spectrum of different branches of science, including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, mathematics, and computer sciences, leading to a practical approach that can be applied in several areas such as bioterrorist actions, environmental issues, emerging and reemerging diseases, as well as reliable trace evidence at a crime scene. Methods: The information has been gathered via Google Scholar using several keywords, including forensic microbiology, bioterrorism, forensic investigation, and trace evidence. The data were from reliable articles and books published over 50 years. This paper is a short review of forensic microbiology with a bioinformatics perspective to use in different fields such as the court. Results: It is known that using either microorganisms or their toxins is a low-cost potential tool with serious morbidity and mortality rates that can spread all around the world by food or water supplies or even through the air, making them a perfect candidate bioweapon with minimum traceability. Studies have indicated that environmental conditions plus biological and abiotic factors would affect the following analysis and the final validation, which is an essential step in the forensic investigation due to its highly effective role in the court vote. To face different challenges, law enforcement has the infrastructure for attribution and deterrence (e.g., following the exact microbial forensics program) so that it can be used in court. Developing more reproducible, sensitive, and accurate methods, preparing a wide reliable database, and devoting the right amount of budget will help improve the whole forensic procedure in the legal system. Conclusions: The current paper is a short review of how forensic scientists can use microbial features on a crime scene to clarify and enhance the procedure to solve different criminal cases.
{"title":"A Short Review of Forensic Microbiology","authors":"Fatemeh Yousefsaber, Z. Naseri, Amir Hossein Hasani","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microbial forensics is a multidisciplinary area, which has been recently considered an effective tool in forensic investigations. This growing field of forensics covers a wide spectrum of different branches of science, including biology, chemistry, physics, geology, mathematics, and computer sciences, leading to a practical approach that can be applied in several areas such as bioterrorist actions, environmental issues, emerging and reemerging diseases, as well as reliable trace evidence at a crime scene. Methods: The information has been gathered via Google Scholar using several keywords, including forensic microbiology, bioterrorism, forensic investigation, and trace evidence. The data were from reliable articles and books published over 50 years. This paper is a short review of forensic microbiology with a bioinformatics perspective to use in different fields such as the court. Results: It is known that using either microorganisms or their toxins is a low-cost potential tool with serious morbidity and mortality rates that can spread all around the world by food or water supplies or even through the air, making them a perfect candidate bioweapon with minimum traceability. Studies have indicated that environmental conditions plus biological and abiotic factors would affect the following analysis and the final validation, which is an essential step in the forensic investigation due to its highly effective role in the court vote. To face different challenges, law enforcement has the infrastructure for attribution and deterrence (e.g., following the exact microbial forensics program) so that it can be used in court. Developing more reproducible, sensitive, and accurate methods, preparing a wide reliable database, and devoting the right amount of budget will help improve the whole forensic procedure in the legal system. Conclusions: The current paper is a short review of how forensic scientists can use microbial features on a crime scene to clarify and enhance the procedure to solve different criminal cases.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82285624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are more susceptible to healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Higher rates of nosocomial infections in ICU patients are associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and costs. The primary outcome of our study was to investigate the relationship between antibiotic resistance and mortality in ICU patients, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic resistance and the length of ICU or hospital stay. Methods: A 5-year observational retrospective study was conducted on patients in the ICU of Hasheminejad Kidney Center affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020. The data related to age, gender, admission type, comorbidities, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, infection source, microorganism type, and resistance pattern of all isolates and outcomes were collected based on the study purpose. Results: During the 5-year study, 2899 patients were admitted to the ICU, but only 747 patients were enrolled in the study, including 426 males (57%). The median age was 65 years (19-97 years). The mean length of ICU stay was greater in culture-positive patients (8.42 vs. 3.5 days, P>0.001). Culture-positive patients had significantly higher mortality compared to culture-negative patients (63.8% vs. 36.2%, P>0.001). In our study, it was found that resistant microorganisms have increased mortality by 2.6 times in the ICU in the crude model (OR: 2.6, P>0.001). Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that multidrug-resistant pathogens increase ICU stay and mortality.
目的:重症监护病房(ICU)患者更易发生卫生保健相关感染(HAI)。ICU患者较高的医院感染发生率与较高的发病率、死亡率和费用相关。本研究的主要结局是探讨抗生素耐药性与ICU患者死亡率之间的关系，次要结局是评估抗生素耐药性与ICU或住院时间之间的关系。方法:对2015年1月1日至2020年1月1日在伊朗德黑兰伊朗医科大学附属哈希米内贾德肾脏中心ICU就诊的患者进行为期5年的观察性回顾性研究。根据研究目的收集所有分离株的年龄、性别、住院类型、合并症、ICU住院时间、住院时间、感染源、微生物类型、耐药模式及结局等相关数据。结果:在5年的研究中，2899例患者入住ICU，但只有747例患者入组，其中男性426例(57%)。中位年龄为65岁(19-97岁)。培养阳性患者在ICU的平均住院时间更长(8.42天vs. 3.5天，P < 0.001)。培养阳性患者的死亡率明显高于培养阴性患者(63.8%比36.2%，P < 0.001)。在我们的研究中发现，在粗模型中，耐药微生物使ICU的死亡率增加了2.6倍(OR: 2.6, P < 0.001)。结论:本研究结果提示耐多药病原菌增加ICU住院时间和死亡率。
{"title":"The Relationship Between Positive Cultures With Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms and Mortality in a General Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Bahareh Marghoob, Malihe Khosravi-Khezri","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are more susceptible to healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Higher rates of nosocomial infections in ICU patients are associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and costs. The primary outcome of our study was to investigate the relationship between antibiotic resistance and mortality in ICU patients, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic resistance and the length of ICU or hospital stay. Methods: A 5-year observational retrospective study was conducted on patients in the ICU of Hasheminejad Kidney Center affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020. The data related to age, gender, admission type, comorbidities, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, infection source, microorganism type, and resistance pattern of all isolates and outcomes were collected based on the study purpose. Results: During the 5-year study, 2899 patients were admitted to the ICU, but only 747 patients were enrolled in the study, including 426 males (57%). The median age was 65 years (19-97 years). The mean length of ICU stay was greater in culture-positive patients (8.42 vs. 3.5 days, P>0.001). Culture-positive patients had significantly higher mortality compared to culture-negative patients (63.8% vs. 36.2%, P>0.001). In our study, it was found that resistant microorganisms have increased mortality by 2.6 times in the ICU in the crude model (OR: 2.6, P>0.001). Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that multidrug-resistant pathogens increase ICU stay and mortality.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80443398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Souizi, M. Nematshahi, M. Sahebkar, Zahra Jafarabadi, Masoud Hiteh, R. Akrami
Background: Nosocomial infection is an infection that hospitalized patients get while receiving health care. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors involved in the incidence of nosocomial infections, related microbial agents, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 patients with nosocomial infection admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Sabzevar from 2011 to 2015. The acquired data were assessed by the standard checklist of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system of the Ministry of Health. The collected data were analyzed using the Stata 12 software. Results: Of the 41979 admitted patients during the mentioned period, 390 patients with an average age of 48.08 years suffered from a hospital-acquired infection. The prevalence of nosocomial infections was 1% with the highest rate related to the respiratory tract in men and surgical sites in women. Intravenous catheters, surgical wounds, urinary catheters, suction, ventilator, tracheotomy, and tracheostomy were the most commonly encountered factors (invasive measures) of nosocomial infection, respectively. The most prevalent causes of nosocomial infections were Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter. Conclusions: Based on our findings, several factors play a pivotal role in preventing hospital-associated infections, including proper follow-up and timely reporting of nosocomial infection cases. The other influential factors were accurate identification of microorganisms involved, allocation of sufficient funds to provide appropriate facilities for infection prevention, the appropriate and timely medical interventions, and the rational use of antibiotics.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections and Related Microbial Agents Based on the NNIS System in Sabzevar During 2011-2015","authors":"Zahra Souizi, M. Nematshahi, M. Sahebkar, Zahra Jafarabadi, Masoud Hiteh, R. Akrami","doi":"10.34172/ajcmi.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajcmi.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nosocomial infection is an infection that hospitalized patients get while receiving health care. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors involved in the incidence of nosocomial infections, related microbial agents, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 patients with nosocomial infection admitted to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Sabzevar from 2011 to 2015. The acquired data were assessed by the standard checklist of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system of the Ministry of Health. The collected data were analyzed using the Stata 12 software. Results: Of the 41979 admitted patients during the mentioned period, 390 patients with an average age of 48.08 years suffered from a hospital-acquired infection. The prevalence of nosocomial infections was 1% with the highest rate related to the respiratory tract in men and surgical sites in women. Intravenous catheters, surgical wounds, urinary catheters, suction, ventilator, tracheotomy, and tracheostomy were the most commonly encountered factors (invasive measures) of nosocomial infection, respectively. The most prevalent causes of nosocomial infections were Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter. Conclusions: Based on our findings, several factors play a pivotal role in preventing hospital-associated infections, including proper follow-up and timely reporting of nosocomial infection cases. The other influential factors were accurate identification of microorganisms involved, allocation of sufficient funds to provide appropriate facilities for infection prevention, the appropriate and timely medical interventions, and the rational use of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":8689,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74479909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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