Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.09
O. M. Tofeq, Y. Hilal, Husain A. Hamood
The present work aims to study the development and application of Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks for predicting auger energy consumption based on input energy. The study utilized RBF networks and explored the input energy with treatments 2 (Soil moisture content), 2 (Rotary speeds), 2 (Hole depths) and 4 (Replication) based on field operations. As indicated by the results, energy input differed between the treatments but was not significant. The highest input value in transaction soil moisture content was 14.75 %, rotary speeds of 235 rpm, and hole depths of 40 cm. In comparison, the lower input energy at transaction soil moisture content was 7.9%, rotary speeds of 235 rpm, and hole depths of 20 cm. Input energy in treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm) and treatment (7.9 %,235 rpm, and 20 cm) were 100.204 and 57.135 MJ. ha-1, respectively. The highest input energy shares were recorded for diesel fuel at all treatments. Furthermore, the RBF network with one hidden layer had good convergence. The output results showed 10 and five hidden neurons in a hidden layer with high accuracy for treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm) and treatment (7.9%, 235 rpm, and 20 cm). In the treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm), the MSE for the training and testing sets was 0.0001 % and 0.01 % for data points with Ordinary RBF (ORBF type). The performance of the 3-10-1 architecture was better than other architectures. Finally, this research concluded that the RBF network method can forecast the input energy and energy expenditures related to the types of treatments.
{"title":"Predicting Auger Energy Consumption for Olive Orchards Using the Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"O. M. Tofeq, Y. Hilal, Husain A. Hamood","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to study the development and application of Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks for predicting auger energy consumption based on input energy. The study utilized RBF networks and explored the input energy with treatments 2 (Soil moisture content), 2 (Rotary speeds), 2 (Hole depths) and 4 (Replication) based on field operations. As indicated by the results, energy input differed between the treatments but was not significant. The highest input value in transaction soil moisture content was 14.75 %, rotary speeds of 235 rpm, and hole depths of 40 cm. In comparison, the lower input energy at transaction soil moisture content was 7.9%, rotary speeds of 235 rpm, and hole depths of 20 cm. Input energy in treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm) and treatment (7.9 %,235 rpm, and 20 cm) were 100.204 and 57.135 MJ. ha-1, respectively. The highest input energy shares were recorded for diesel fuel at all treatments. Furthermore, the RBF network with one hidden layer had good convergence. The output results showed 10 and five hidden neurons in a hidden layer with high accuracy for treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm) and treatment (7.9%, 235 rpm, and 20 cm). In the treatment (14.75 %, 235 rpm, and 40 cm), the MSE for the training and testing sets was 0.0001 % and 0.01 % for data points with Ordinary RBF (ORBF type). The performance of the 3-10-1 architecture was better than other architectures. Finally, this research concluded that the RBF network method can forecast the input energy and energy expenditures related to the types of treatments.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85104326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.10
Aqeel A. Suhim, K. Awad, Osama N. Jaffer, M. Abass
Date palm is one of the most important trees for economic and social development in many countries and its fruits with high nutritional value. This aimed to determine the role of salicylic (SA) and jasmonic acids (JA) as antioxidants against salt stress. Salt stress was applied with water irrigation to two-year-old date palm offshoots by using 200 mM NaCl alone or in combination with foliar sprays of JA and SA at 1, 2 and 3 mgL-1. Results indicate that salinity at 200 mM NaCl remarkably increased the content of osmolytes (e.g., proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars) in date palm leaves. Moreover, with the combination of 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 1 mg.L-1 JA with salinity, the osmolyte content was remarkably higher than in salinity treatment alone. When date palm was exposed to salinity alone, the levels of oxidative markers, Malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation marker and H2O2 as a ROS accumulation marker, substantially increased compared with the control. Importantly, the levels of these oxidative markers remarkably decreased when plants were subjected to combined salinity and treatment with at 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 3 mg.L-1 SA compared with the salinity treatment alone. In addition, spraying 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 3 mg.L-1 JA on leaves combined with salinity treatment remarkably decreased the salinity effect on membrane stability index. Moreover, when 2 or 3 mg.L-1 were sprayed, no remarkable difference was detected for any investigated characteristics, and SA had a greater effect than JA in alleviating the salinity effect.
枣椰树是许多国家经济社会发展的重要树种之一，枣椰树果实具有很高的营养价值。本文旨在确定水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)作为抗盐胁迫的抗氧化剂的作用。采用200 mM NaCl单独或联合喷施1、2和3 mg -1的JA和SA对2年生枣椰树枝条进行水灌盐胁迫。结果表明，200 mM NaCl盐度显著提高了枣椰树叶片中脯氨酸、甘氨酸、甜菜碱和可溶性糖等渗透物的含量。此外，2毫克和3毫克的组合。l - 1sa和1mg。L-1 JA加盐处理后，渗透物含量显著高于单独加盐处理。当枣椰树单独暴露于盐度时，与对照相比，氧化标志物丙二醛(作为脂质过氧化标志物)和H2O2(作为ROS积累标志物)的水平显著增加。重要的是，当植物受到2和3毫克盐和盐的联合处理时，这些氧化标记物的水平显著降低。l - 1sa和3mg。L-1 SA与单独盐度处理比较。另外，喷2、3毫克。l - 1sa和3mg。叶片L-1 JA配盐处理显著降低了盐分对膜稳定性指数的影响。此外，当2或3毫克。喷L-1后，各指标均无显著差异，且SA在缓解盐碱效应方面的效果大于JA。
{"title":"Impact of Salicylic and Jasmonic Acid in Mitigating Salinity Stress on Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Barhi Cv.","authors":"Aqeel A. Suhim, K. Awad, Osama N. Jaffer, M. Abass","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm is one of the most important trees for economic and social development in many countries and its fruits with high nutritional value. This aimed to determine the role of salicylic (SA) and jasmonic acids (JA) as antioxidants against salt stress. Salt stress was applied with water irrigation to two-year-old date palm offshoots by using 200 mM NaCl alone or in combination with foliar sprays of JA and SA at 1, 2 and 3 mgL-1. Results indicate that salinity at 200 mM NaCl remarkably increased the content of osmolytes (e.g., proline, glycine betaine and soluble sugars) in date palm leaves. Moreover, with the combination of 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 1 mg.L-1 JA with salinity, the osmolyte content was remarkably higher than in salinity treatment alone. When date palm was exposed to salinity alone, the levels of oxidative markers, Malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation marker and H2O2 as a ROS accumulation marker, substantially increased compared with the control. Importantly, the levels of these oxidative markers remarkably decreased when plants were subjected to combined salinity and treatment with at 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 3 mg.L-1 SA compared with the salinity treatment alone. In addition, spraying 2 and 3 mg.L-1 SA and 3 mg.L-1 JA on leaves combined with salinity treatment remarkably decreased the salinity effect on membrane stability index. Moreover, when 2 or 3 mg.L-1 were sprayed, no remarkable difference was detected for any investigated characteristics, and SA had a greater effect than JA in alleviating the salinity effect.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76938668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.06
Kurdistan H. Yousif, Abdul Jebbar I. Saeid
The research was done in the vegetables research farm at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at University of Dohuk, Kurdistan region of Iraq, during the growing season in (2021-2022). The reason behind the study was to investigate the response of two cultivars of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica.) Ajjasi and Wisdom cv. to different types of mulching (without, black plastic and straw) and also the different concentrations levels of licorice root extract (0, 6, 12 and18g.L-1) on productivity and some nutrients content of Broccoli curd. The results showed that Wisdom cultivar performed better than Ajjassi in terms of early yield and nutrients content. Throughout the research season, both cultivars were considerably improved in all examined attributes. Additionally, it was shown that all features in both cultivars were noticeably enhanced in plastic mulch. There was an observed increase in the majority of features of the interactions between licorice root extract and straw. Early yield in Wisdom cultivar was meaningfully different from Ajjasi (27.814 and 24.138) ton. ha-1 respectively. Most of the measurements were greatly influenced by black plastic mulch, while the best overall outcome was achieved in black plastic mulch and 18g.L-1 concentration of licorice root extract in Ajjassi cultivar. In both cultivars, there were noticeable changes in the nutrient’s contents of (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium %). In general, the combination among treatments was significantly enhanced in the all studied traits.
该研究于2021-2022年的生长季节在伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区杜胡克大学农业工程科学学院的蔬菜研究农场进行。这项研究背后的原因是调查两种西兰花品种(芸苔甘蓝变种。意大利)的反应。Ajjasi和Wisdom简历。不同覆盖类型(无覆盖、黑塑料和秸秆)以及不同浓度的甘草根提取物(0、6、12和18g. l -1)对西兰花凝乳的生产力和某些营养成分含量的影响。结果表明，智慧品种在早期产量和养分含量方面均优于阿佳斯品种。在整个研究季节，两个品种在所有检测属性上都有显著改善。此外，在地膜覆盖下，两个品种的各项性状均有显著提高。甘草根提取物与秸秆相互作用的大部分特征均有显著增加。智慧品种的早期产量与阿佳斯品种(27.814吨和24.138吨)有显著差异。分别是。黑色地膜覆盖对大多数测量结果影响很大，而黑色地膜覆盖和18g地膜覆盖的总体结果最好。甘草根提取物L-1浓度测定。在两个品种中，氮、磷、钾的养分含量都有明显的变化。总体而言，组合处理显著提高了所有性状。
{"title":"Response of Broccoli to Mulching and Foliar Application of Licorice Root Extract and their Effects on Yield and Macronutrient Contents","authors":"Kurdistan H. Yousif, Abdul Jebbar I. Saeid","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"The research was done in the vegetables research farm at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at University of Dohuk, Kurdistan region of Iraq, during the growing season in (2021-2022). The reason behind the study was to investigate the response of two cultivars of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica.) Ajjasi and Wisdom cv. to different types of mulching (without, black plastic and straw) and also the different concentrations levels of licorice root extract (0, 6, 12 and18g.L-1) on productivity and some nutrients content of Broccoli curd. The results showed that Wisdom cultivar performed better than Ajjassi in terms of early yield and nutrients content. Throughout the research season, both cultivars were considerably improved in all examined attributes. Additionally, it was shown that all features in both cultivars were noticeably enhanced in plastic mulch. There was an observed increase in the majority of features of the interactions between licorice root extract and straw. Early yield in Wisdom cultivar was meaningfully different from Ajjasi (27.814 and 24.138) ton. ha-1 respectively. Most of the measurements were greatly influenced by black plastic mulch, while the best overall outcome was achieved in black plastic mulch and 18g.L-1 concentration of licorice root extract in Ajjassi cultivar. In both cultivars, there were noticeable changes in the nutrient’s contents of (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium %). In general, the combination among treatments was significantly enhanced in the all studied traits.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89006839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.03
Asaa H. Kadhim, A. Yesser, K. Al-Niaeem
The current study examines the effects of different levels of marjoram Origanum majorana extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) on growth performance and haematological parameters in diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four units of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) were used. Each unit had three plastic tanks (30×30×60 cm), representing four treatments with three replicates, each tank containing ten fish with an average weight of 16.31 + 0.02g - 16.48 + 0.10. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 3% of the total fish weight. All diets contained an average of 33.89 ± 0.067 % crude protein and about 20.32±0.16 (kJ/g) of gross energy. Fish are fed twice daily, six days a week. The study lasted eight weeks (56 days) during November and December 2021. According to our findings, a group of fish fed 1.5% marjoram extract had the highest rate of final body weight, daily weight increase, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and feed conversion efficiency. The 1.5 % marjoram extract treatment had the highest rate of total protein +5.68 0.84 g/dl, albumin +4.48 0.48 g/dl, globulin +1.17 0.54 g/dl and 3.82 + 0.51% albumin/ globulin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of 1.5 % O. majorana extract was best for growth, and blood profile. The results suggest that the inclusion of O. majorana can improve the nutrient efficiency, growth performance, and haematological parameter of C. carpio fingerlings without negative effects on the fish.
{"title":"Effect of Marjoram Origanum majorana L. Extract on Growth Performance and Some Haematological Parameters of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.","authors":"Asaa H. Kadhim, A. Yesser, K. Al-Niaeem","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examines the effects of different levels of marjoram Origanum majorana extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) on growth performance and haematological parameters in diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four units of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) were used. Each unit had three plastic tanks (30×30×60 cm), representing four treatments with three replicates, each tank containing ten fish with an average weight of 16.31 + 0.02g - 16.48 + 0.10. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 3% of the total fish weight. All diets contained an average of 33.89 ± 0.067 % crude protein and about 20.32±0.16 (kJ/g) of gross energy. Fish are fed twice daily, six days a week. The study lasted eight weeks (56 days) during November and December 2021. According to our findings, a group of fish fed 1.5% marjoram extract had the highest rate of final body weight, daily weight increase, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and feed conversion efficiency. The 1.5 % marjoram extract treatment had the highest rate of total protein +5.68 0.84 g/dl, albumin +4.48 0.48 g/dl, globulin +1.17 0.54 g/dl and 3.82 + 0.51% albumin/ globulin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of 1.5 % O. majorana extract was best for growth, and blood profile. The results suggest that the inclusion of O. majorana can improve the nutrient efficiency, growth performance, and haematological parameter of C. carpio fingerlings without negative effects on the fish.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86022088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.05
Reham A. Nbeaa, Bassam Abo-Trabi, Ehab Ahmad
The experiment was undertaken to study correlation and path coefficient and relatively importance to yield and its components traits in Okra. The experimental material consisted of six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) through two crosses, which were evaluated in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Agriculture Scientific Center in Latakia during the summer of 2020. The result of phenotypic correlation revealed that yield per plant had positively significant correlation with fruit diameter (0.53), positively highly significant correlation with fruit weight (0.65), and negatively highly significant correlation with days for first flowering and days to 50% flowering (-0.56, -0.63), respectively in the first hybrid (Lathkani 6× Lathkani 10). In the second hybrid (Lathkani 7× Lathkani 9), yield per plant has exhibited positively and highly significant correlation with numbers of fruit per plant, numbers of flowers per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight (0.95, 0.96, 0.76, 0.65, 0.64), respectively. The high positively direct effect on yield per plant was contributed by fruit weight followed by days to 50% flowering in the first hybrid. Numbers of fruits per plant had desirably direct effect on yield per plant in the second hybrid. Hence, direct selection based on these traits would result in simultaneous improvement of previously mentioned traits and yield in Okra.
{"title":"Phenotypic Correlation and Path Coefficient and Relative Importance Studies in Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.","authors":"Reham A. Nbeaa, Bassam Abo-Trabi, Ehab Ahmad","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was undertaken to study correlation and path coefficient and relatively importance to yield and its components traits in Okra. The experimental material consisted of six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) through two crosses, which were evaluated in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at the Agriculture Scientific Center in Latakia during the summer of 2020. The result of phenotypic correlation revealed that yield per plant had positively significant correlation with fruit diameter (0.53), positively highly significant correlation with fruit weight (0.65), and negatively highly significant correlation with days for first flowering and days to 50% flowering (-0.56, -0.63), respectively in the first hybrid (Lathkani 6× Lathkani 10). In the second hybrid (Lathkani 7× Lathkani 9), yield per plant has exhibited positively and highly significant correlation with numbers of fruit per plant, numbers of flowers per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight (0.95, 0.96, 0.76, 0.65, 0.64), respectively. The high positively direct effect on yield per plant was contributed by fruit weight followed by days to 50% flowering in the first hybrid. Numbers of fruits per plant had desirably direct effect on yield per plant in the second hybrid. Hence, direct selection based on these traits would result in simultaneous improvement of previously mentioned traits and yield in Okra.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90990425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.02
M. Qader, Yahya A. Shekha
Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microalgae and fungi, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. The experiment was designed to evaluate the efficiency of microorganisms to remove heavy metals by using, two fungi (Aspegillus niger and Candida albicans) with two microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi), in removing heavy metals from liquid media during study period (20 days). For this study, cadmium and lead were selected by different concentrations (5, 15, 35, and 50ppm) of such heavy metals. The results indicate that fungi and microalgae effectively removed a significant amount of heavy metals. With respect to Pb and Cd, the maximum removal of lead for all concentrations (5-50ppm) were, (94, 90, 86.28 and 81.6%) respectively, and maximum cadmium removal were (88, 86.66, 84.57 and 79%) recorded by consortium culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi on day 20th of the experiment. Statistically there were significant difference (p≤0.05) between control and all treatments for both tested heavy metals.
{"title":"Role of Environmental Biotechnology in Remediation of Heavy Metals by Using Fungal-Microalgal Strains","authors":"M. Qader, Yahya A. Shekha","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms, like microalgae and fungi, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. The experiment was designed to evaluate the efficiency of microorganisms to remove heavy metals by using, two fungi (Aspegillus niger and Candida albicans) with two microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi), in removing heavy metals from liquid media during study period (20 days). For this study, cadmium and lead were selected by different concentrations (5, 15, 35, and 50ppm) of such heavy metals. The results indicate that fungi and microalgae effectively removed a significant amount of heavy metals. With respect to Pb and Cd, the maximum removal of lead for all concentrations (5-50ppm) were, (94, 90, 86.28 and 81.6%) respectively, and maximum cadmium removal were (88, 86.66, 84.57 and 79%) recorded by consortium culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Tetradesmus nygaardi on day 20th of the experiment. Statistically there were significant difference (p≤0.05) between control and all treatments for both tested heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85438941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.01
Asmar A. Yousif, W. Hassan
This study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens of a caused moldy core of postharvest apple fruits and the efficiency of essential oils (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Trichoderma harzianum filtrate to inhibit pathogens growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium griseofulvum. The examined pathogens are recognized dependent on morphological and also molecular identification. In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition. Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%. The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%. The lowest inhibitory potential of EOs 47.95% and 75.9% were observed with P. griseofulvum. T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively. The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme. Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum. Their systemic induction was restricted between 3.16% and 23.82%.
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Postharvest Moldy Core Pathogens on Apple and Application of Biocontrol Products of Essential Oils (EOs) and Trichoderma harzianum","authors":"Asmar A. Yousif, W. Hassan","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify prevalent pathogens of a caused moldy core of postharvest apple fruits and the efficiency of essential oils (EO) of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Trichoderma harzianum filtrate to inhibit pathogens growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Penicillium griseofulvum. The examined pathogens are recognized dependent on morphological and also molecular identification. In vivo, clove EO and T. harzianum filtrate were strongly restricted decay area on fruits with 82.36% and 81.69%, respectively when applied as direct inhibition. Growth of all examined pathogens was entirely stopped on fruits treated with both clove and thyme oils at 10%. The results also illustrated that T. harzianum filtrate and EOs exhibited considerable growth inhibition of B. cinerea and ranged between 86.53% and 100%. The lowest inhibitory potential of EOs 47.95% and 75.9% were observed with P. griseofulvum. T. harzianum filtrate was the most effective biocontrol that inhibited fruit decay by 64.5% followed by 45.9%, 38.6%, 37.5%, and 35.9% when utilized EOs of thyme, sage, eucalyptus, and clove, respectively. The growth of both pathogens A. alternata and B. cinerea depressed with up to 90% using T. harzianum filtrate followed by EOs of eucalyptus and thyme. Whereas fruits inoculated with P. griseofulvum were not frustrated when applied to each EOs or T. harzianum. Their systemic induction was restricted between 3.16% and 23.82%.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84321039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.23
I. J. Abdulrasool, Z. R. J. AL-Malikshah
A filed experiment was carried out at one of the private farms at Al-Suwaira District, Wasit Governorate during the spring season 2021, in order to evaluate the effect of adding Fulyzme plus (biofertilizer) and the foliar application of green tea extract (organic nutrient) on growth and yield of pepper plant cv. California wonder. A factorial experiment (43) was carried out using RCBD Design with three replicates. The Fulyzme plus treatment was applied with four concentrations (0, 10, 20. and 30 g. L-1). The foliar application of green tea extract was applied with three concentrations which were 0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1. Results revealed significant effects of Fulyzme plus at 30 g. L-1 and the foliar application of green tea extract at the 4 ml. L-1 in plant height (89.62 cm), number of branches (9.44 branch. Plant-1), number of leaves (38.28 leaf. Plant-1), leaves area (40.79 dcm2. Plant-1), number of flowers (35.77 flower. Plant-1) and fruits set (62.45%), number of fruits (17.96 fruit. Plant-1), plant yield (4.16 kg. plant-1), productivity (137.93 t. ha-1) and Vitamin. C in fruits (34.74 ml.100g-1). Therefore adding bio-fertilizer and spraying with organic nutrient improved vegetative growth and increase yield of pepper plants.
{"title":"Effect of Adding Fulzyme plus and Spraying with Green Tea Extract on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Pepper cv. California Wonder","authors":"I. J. Abdulrasool, Z. R. J. AL-Malikshah","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"A filed experiment was carried out at one of the private farms at Al-Suwaira District, Wasit Governorate during the spring season 2021, in order to evaluate the effect of adding Fulyzme plus (biofertilizer) and the foliar application of green tea extract (organic nutrient) on growth and yield of pepper plant cv. California wonder. A factorial experiment (43) was carried out using RCBD Design with three replicates. The Fulyzme plus treatment was applied with four concentrations (0, 10, 20. and 30 g. L-1). The foliar application of green tea extract was applied with three concentrations which were 0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1. Results revealed significant effects of Fulyzme plus at 30 g. L-1 and the foliar application of green tea extract at the 4 ml. L-1 in plant height (89.62 cm), number of branches (9.44 branch. Plant-1), number of leaves (38.28 leaf. Plant-1), leaves area (40.79 dcm2. Plant-1), number of flowers (35.77 flower. Plant-1) and fruits set (62.45%), number of fruits (17.96 fruit. Plant-1), plant yield (4.16 kg. plant-1), productivity (137.93 t. ha-1) and Vitamin. C in fruits (34.74 ml.100g-1). Therefore adding bio-fertilizer and spraying with organic nutrient improved vegetative growth and increase yield of pepper plants.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91214778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.24
A. Mahdi, A. M. Abd, K. Awad
This study investigated the effect of salinity on the anatomical features of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and the potential roles of nano selenium (Se NPs) in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity. Two concentrations (80 and 160 mg.L-1) of SeNPs were applied as a foliar spray on date palms irrigated with different concentrations of saline water (2.5 [control], 5, 10 and 20 ds.m-1). Results showed that 5 ds.m-1 salinity had no significant effect on the anatomical structure of date palm, whether applied alone or in combination with foliar spray of Se NPs. However, the vascular bundle dimensions and thickness of the xylem, phloem and mesophyll were significantly higher in plants exposed to 10 ds.m-1 salinity compared with the control plants. In particular, foliar spray of SeNPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration enhanced the effect on these plants. By contrast, 20 ds.m-1 salinity significantly reduced all studied parameters except for the thickness of the upper and lower cuticle, which increased. Se NPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration had a significant effect in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity at high levels. The results of this study proved that SeNPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration were more effective in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on the anatomical structure of date palm leaves than 160 mg.L-1 concentration.
{"title":"Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-selenium on the Anatomical Characteristics of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera L. Barhi Cultivar under Salt Stress","authors":"A. Mahdi, A. M. Abd, K. Awad","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of salinity on the anatomical features of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and the potential roles of nano selenium (Se NPs) in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity. Two concentrations (80 and 160 mg.L-1) of SeNPs were applied as a foliar spray on date palms irrigated with different concentrations of saline water (2.5 [control], 5, 10 and 20 ds.m-1). Results showed that 5 ds.m-1 salinity had no significant effect on the anatomical structure of date palm, whether applied alone or in combination with foliar spray of Se NPs. However, the vascular bundle dimensions and thickness of the xylem, phloem and mesophyll were significantly higher in plants exposed to 10 ds.m-1 salinity compared with the control plants. In particular, foliar spray of SeNPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration enhanced the effect on these plants. By contrast, 20 ds.m-1 salinity significantly reduced all studied parameters except for the thickness of the upper and lower cuticle, which increased. Se NPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration had a significant effect in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity at high levels. The results of this study proved that SeNPs at 80 mg.L-1 concentration were more effective in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on the anatomical structure of date palm leaves than 160 mg.L-1 concentration.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82771144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.22
A. S. Salman, Fatima A. H. Sultan
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine, an amino acid additive, on grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fingerlings (3.16 ± 0.14 gm) growth and feed utilization in glass aquaria for 70 days. Before beginning the feeding experiment, 120 fish were acclimatized for 10days in the laboratories of fisheries department and marine resources, Agriculture College, University of Basrah. Fish fed dietary taurine at levels of 1% (T2), 2% (T3), and 3% (T4) were compared to fish fed a control diet with no taurine (0%, T1). The weight gain (WG) in the T1 was 16.95 g, which was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than the other treatments. T1 had a higher (P≤0.05) mean relative growth rate (RGR) (54.89± 5.66 %) than the other treatments. The specific growth rate (SGR) and daily growth rate (DGR) of T1 were 0.72 ± 0.06 % day -1, and 0.28 ±0.01 g, which was also higher (P≤0.05) than other treatments supported with different levels of taurine. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were found in the food conversion ratio (FCR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE) between T1 and the other treatments (T2, T3, and T4). It is clear from the current study that the T1 (0% taurine) better than the other treatments in growth and food utilization indicators. It is concluded from the current study that the addition of taurine (1, 2 and 3%) had inhibited the growth in grass carp fingerlings.
{"title":"Effect of The Amino Acid Taurine on Some Growth Parameters of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings","authors":"A. S. Salman, Fatima A. H. Sultan","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine, an amino acid additive, on grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fingerlings (3.16 ± 0.14 gm) growth and feed utilization in glass aquaria for 70 days. Before beginning the feeding experiment, 120 fish were acclimatized for 10days in the laboratories of fisheries department and marine resources, Agriculture College, University of Basrah. Fish fed dietary taurine at levels of 1% (T2), 2% (T3), and 3% (T4) were compared to fish fed a control diet with no taurine (0%, T1). The weight gain (WG) in the T1 was 16.95 g, which was significantly (P≤0.05) higher than the other treatments. T1 had a higher (P≤0.05) mean relative growth rate (RGR) (54.89± 5.66 %) than the other treatments. The specific growth rate (SGR) and daily growth rate (DGR) of T1 were 0.72 ± 0.06 % day -1, and 0.28 ±0.01 g, which was also higher (P≤0.05) than other treatments supported with different levels of taurine. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were found in the food conversion ratio (FCR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE) between T1 and the other treatments (T2, T3, and T4). It is clear from the current study that the T1 (0% taurine) better than the other treatments in growth and food utilization indicators. It is concluded from the current study that the addition of taurine (1, 2 and 3%) had inhibited the growth in grass carp fingerlings.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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