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Disease Note: First Report of Cladosporium ramotenellum Schub., Zalar, Crous & Braun, 2007 (Fungi: Dothideomycetes) as a Potential Contaminant of Date Palm Tissue Culture 病注:舒氏拉莫纤毛虫枝孢子菌首次报告。(1)真菌:dothideomyetes)作为枣椰树组织培养的潜在污染物
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.28
A. Ahmed, M. Abass
Cladosporium ramotenellum Schub., Zalar, Crous & Braun, 2007 an ascomycetes fungus, was isolated from cultured date palm tissues at callus induction stage in Date Palm Research Centre, University of Basrah. Morphometric and molecular diagnoses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers were applied. Notably, C. ramotenellum was not previously recorded as a contaminant of cultured date palm tissues in Iraq.
拉莫氏枝孢子菌。从巴士拉大学枣椰树研究中心培养的愈伤组织诱导阶段的枣椰树组织中分离出一种子囊菌真菌。应用内部转录间隔物(ITS)引物进行形态计量学和分子诊断。值得注意的是,在伊拉克,拉莫特纳氏梭菌以前没有被记录为培养枣椰树组织的污染物。
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引用次数: 0
Cage Culture in Iraq, Current Status & Potential: A Review 伊拉克笼文化现状与潜力综述
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.27
N. Salman, Khalil I. Saleh, M. Taher
The present investigation aimed at discussing the present status of cage culture in Iraq and its future potential. Iraqi water resources can provide the basic requirements for successful fish culture in cages. Environmental conditions may maintain sustainable growth rate for 10 months at least. This has encouraged the investors and fish culturists to adopt such technique and make use of its advantages. Development of cage culture in Iraq has been reviewed from the early seventies till now. Fish production from cage culture was analyzed focusing upon recent developments in terms of fish consumption criteria and the per capita in Iraq. The floating cages culture system is considered now as the main culture system, because environmental conditions are suitable for cage culture more than the earthen ponds and recirculating systems. Cage culture industry relies on row materials that are locally available. They includes, frames, bridges, passage ways, nets, floating materials, feeders and wave breakers. Most of the cage units are locally manufactured from steel or wooden frame in square or rectangular shapes. Some circular and octahedral units are used in Kurdistan and Mosul. Researches on cage culture continued to optimize parameters such as stocking density, feeding and stocking sizes, stocking density of fish in the cages was fixed at 60-70 fish per m3 or 1500-2000 fish per cage of 1.5 x 4 x 4m using fish of 100 g in weight. Problems facing cage culture in Iraq are summarized by high prices of feeds, viral infection and other fish diseases, deterioration of water quality, the policy of importing fish from neighboring countries and lack of skills among farmers. Solutions for the above problems and recommendations for future development are discussed at the end of the article.
本调查旨在探讨伊拉克笼文化的现状及其未来潜力。伊拉克的水资源可以为成功的网箱养鱼提供基本条件。环境条件至少可以维持10个月的可持续增长率。这鼓励了投资者和养鱼者采用这种技术并利用其优势。回顾了七十年代初至今伊拉克笼文化的发展历程。对网箱养殖的鱼产量进行了分析,重点分析了伊拉克鱼品消费标准和人均消费量方面的最新发展。由于环境条件比土池和循环水系统更适合网箱养殖,目前被认为是主要的养殖系统。网箱养殖产业依赖于当地可获得的大量材料。它们包括框架、桥梁、通道、网、浮物、馈线和破浪器。大多数笼单元是由方形或长方形的钢或木框架在当地制造的。一些圆形和八面体单位在库尔德斯坦和摩苏尔使用。网箱养殖研究继续优化放养密度、投料、放养规模等参数,将网箱内鱼的放养密度固定为每立方米60-70条或1.5 × 4 × 4m网箱1500-2000条,鱼重100 g。伊拉克网箱养殖面临的问题概括为饲料价格高、病毒感染和其他鱼类疾病、水质恶化、从邻国进口鱼类的政策以及农民缺乏技能。文章最后讨论了解决上述问题的方法和对未来发展的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Gravel-Sand Mole Drains on Soil Electrical Conductivity and Exchanged Sodium Percentage 砂石-砂石鼹鼠沟对土壤电导率和交换钠含量的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.25
Dheyaa S. Ashour, S. Adday, K. A. Al-Mosawi
A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the mole drains in the corn crop (zea mayes L.) field during the season of 2019; this study was carried out at the Agricultural research station, University of Basrah, where the soil was silty clay loam. The results showed that the treatments of mole drains filled with gravel and sand mixture (S+G) and filled with gravel and sand layers (S/G) affected the decrease of the electrical conductivity (EC), and the exchanged sodium percentage (ESP) compared to W.M. treatment. The S/G drain gave lower values compared to the S+G drain. As well as, the values of EC decreased by the increase of the depth of the mole drain. Also, the treatments of mole drains distances of 2 m decreased the values of EC and ESP compared to the distance of 4 m. The S/G with depth of 60 cm and distance of 2m gave the lower values of EC and ESP, while the W.M. treatment gave higher values. Soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm reached the lower values of EC and ESP; however depths of 50-60 cm gave the higher values. The treatment of S/G, with mole drain depth of 50 cm, and soil depth of 20-30 cm gave a lower value of EC; while, S+G, with mole drain depth of 50 cm, and soil depth of 50-60 cm gave a higher value. Finally, the ESP was decreased in the end of the growing season compared to the middle of the season.
采用田间试验的方法,评价了2019年玉米作物(zea mayes L.)田间鼹鼠沟的效果。这项研究是在巴士拉大学农业研究站进行的,那里的土壤是粉质粘土壤土。结果表明,与清水处理相比,碎石与砂砾混合(S+G)和碎石与砂砾层(S/G)填充的鼹鼠沟处理影响了电导率(EC)和交换钠百分比(ESP)的降低。S/G损耗比S+G损耗值低。电导率随漏腔深度的增加而减小。与距离为4 m的处理相比,距离为2 m的处理降低了EC和ESP的值。深度为60 cm、距离为2m的S/G处理的EC和ESP值较低,而W.M.处理的EC和ESP值较高。土壤深度为0 ~ 10 cm和10 ~ 20 cm时,EC和ESP值较低;然而,深度为50-60 cm的值较高。排水深度为50 cm,土壤深度为20 ~ 30 cm时,S/G处理的EC值较低;土壤深度为50 ~ 60 cm时,S+G值较高。最后,与生长季中期相比,ESP在生长季末呈下降趋势。
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引用次数: 0
The Technical Evaluation of Three Different Types of Tillage Combined Machines and compared them with Individual Tillage Machines 三种不同类型联合耕作机的技术评价及与单作耕作机的比较
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.26
A. J. Nassir, Sadiq Muhsin, Dakhil R. Ndawi
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a locally manufactured combined tillage machine on the draft force, fuel consumption, field efficiency, power loss, and soil pulverization index. The combined tillage machine accomplished the primary, secondary, and deep tillage in a single pass. The combined tillage machine types were compared to individual tillage machines. The combined tillage machine accomplished the primary, secondary, and deep tillage in a single pass. A randomized complete block (RCBD) experiment was the statistical method used for the investigation with three replicates. The field experiments were conducted in silty loam soil. The combined tillage machines were used in three types. The first configuration (T1) consists of a subsoiler+ chisel plow + disk harrow + roller, the second configuration (T2) consists of a subsoiler + chisel plow, and the third configuration (T3) consists of chisel plow + disc harrow at two operating speeds (1.5 and 3 km.h-1). Individual tillage machines were used in three conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3. M1. Conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3 perform similar tasks to combined tillage machine types T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The results showed that T3 reduced draft force by 40 and 34.35%, saved fuel by 19.88 and 25.89%, and reduced power loss by 54.25 and 37.22%, while increasing field efficiency by 13.64 and 5.63 and the soil pulverization index by 26.67 and 66.24% compared with T1 and T2 respectively. The combined tillage machinesT1, T2, and T3 reduced the draft force and power loss while increasing the field efficiency by 19.05, 22.41, and 53.49%, respectively, compared with conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3. The combined tillage machinesT1, T2, and T3 achieved the lowest values of the soil pulverization index, with values of 19.91, 41.93, and 33.10 mm, and saved fuel by 58.68, 41.61, and 26.86% respectively, compared with conventional tillage systems M1, M2, and M3. The results also revealed that operating speed and its interaction with the combined tillage machine types had a significant effect on all of the studied characteristics (p<0.05). 
本研究的目的是调查本地制造的联合耕作机对牵引力、燃料消耗、田间效率、功率损失和土壤粉碎指数的影响。联合耕作机一次完成了初耕、复耕和深耕。比较了联合耕作机与单作耕作机的耕作类型。联合耕作机一次完成了初耕、复耕和深耕。采用随机完全区组(RCBD)试验进行调查,共设3个重复。田间试验在粉质壤土中进行。联合耕作机分为三种类型。第一种配置(T1)由深耕机+凿犁+盘耙+滚轮组成,第二种配置(T2)由深耕机+凿犁组成,第三种配置(T3)由凿犁+盘耙组成,两种运行速度分别为1.5和3 km.h-1。在M1、M2和M3三种常规耕作系统中使用了个别耕作机。M1。传统耕作系统M1、M2和M3分别执行与联合耕作机T1、T2和T3相似的任务。结果表明,与T1和T2相比,T3的牵引力分别降低40%和34.35%,燃油节约19.88%和25.89%,功率损失降低54.25%和37.22%,田间效率分别提高13.64和5.63,土壤粉碎指数分别提高26.67和66.24%。与传统耕作系统M1、M2和M3相比,联合耕作机est1、T2和T3降低了牵引力和功率损失,提高了田间效率,分别提高了19.05、22.41和53.49%。联合耕作机est1、T2和T3的土壤粉碎指数最低,分别为19.91、41.93和33.10 mm,与常规耕作系统M1、M2和M3相比,分别节省58.68、41.61和26.86%的燃料。结果还表明,操作速度及其与联合耕作机械类型的交互作用对所有研究特征都有显著影响(p<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Allometric Growth Coefficients of Carcass Components and Carcass Waste in Awassi Lambs 阿瓦西羔羊胴体成分和胴体废物的异速生长系数
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.20
CH. A. M. Yateem, J. Alkass, K. Mustafa
This study aims to evaluate the developmental trends and the allometric growth values of carcass components and carcass waste in Awassi lambs. Twenty five entire Awassi lambs were seriously slaughtered at 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of dissectible lean (0.853) and bone (0.793) weights were negative heterogonic (b<1) indicating that these tissues significantly (p<0.01) grew at slower rate than carcass weight. Conversely, fat was positive heterogonic (1.859) and considered a late maturing tissue. Also, it seems from the coefficients that leg is an early maturing (b=0.938), whereas shoulder is a late maturing (b=1.293). Rack, neck, breast and flank are isogonic (b=1) and grew at a similar rate in relation to carcass weight. Carcass fat, carcass waste fat and fat tail relative to empty body weight are 1.920, 0.089 and 1.036, respectively, indicating carcass fat and fat tail are positive heterogonic demonstrating that are high impetus and grow at a higher rate than empty body weight, whereas carcass waste fat had allometric coefficient <1, low impetus and early maturing tissue. Skin, testes, spleen and kidney exhibited isogonic growth indicating that these components are grow similar rate to empty body weight. On the other hand, head, feet, liver, lung, heart and empty digestive tract are early maturing organs than did empty body weight.
本研究旨在评价阿瓦西羔羊的发育趋势以及胴体成分和胴体废物的异速生长值。分别在20、25、30、35和40公斤时屠宰25只Awassi羔羊。结果表明:各组织的异速生长系数(0.853)和骨(0.793)均为负异速生长(b<1),其生长速度显著(p<0.01)低于胴体重。相反,脂肪为正异源性(1.859),被认为是晚熟组织。此外,从系数来看,腿是早熟型(b=0.938),而肩膀是晚熟型(b=1.293)。肋、颈、胸和侧腹呈等线(b=1),相对于胴体重的生长速率相似。胴体脂肪、胴体废脂肪和脂肪尾相对于空体重的比值分别为1.920、0.089和1.036,表明胴体脂肪和脂肪尾呈正异源性,表现为高动力和高于空体重的生长速度,而胴体废脂肪异速生长系数<1,低动力和早熟组织。皮肤、睾丸、脾脏和肾脏呈等速生长,表明这些成分的生长速度与空体重相似。另一方面,头、脚、肝、肺、心和空消化道是比空体重更早熟的器官。
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引用次数: 1
First Record of Calydiscoides difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969 (Monogenoidea, Polyonchoinea, Diplectaniade) on Gills of Three Fish species off Marine Waters of Iraq Young, 1969(单系总目,多系总目,双系总目)在伊拉克海域三种鱼鳃上的首次记录(Yamaguti, 1953
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.21
Ali A. R. Al-Darwesh, Atheer H. Ali, H. Saud
A parasitological examination of two species of lethrinid fishes; Pink ear emperor Lethrinus lentjan, Spangled emperor L. nebulosus and Areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus caught in Iraqi marine territorial waters from January to December 2020, revealed that the gills of the fishes were infected with deiplectanid monogenoid, which is identified as Calydiscoides difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969. This study redescribed the parasite and for the first time described the egg and confirmed that the species has a wide range of dimension resulting from intraspecific variations. The measurements of hard and soft parts of the parasite collected from L. lentjan are smaller than those from L. nebulosus. In addition, the measurements from E. areolatus are close to that from L. lentjan or intermediate between L. nebulosus and L. lentjan. The past record of C. difficilis from L. harak is discussed and hence L. nebulosus and L. lentjan are considered as new records to the Arabian Gulf. Dimensions of the eggs of the parasite in the current study is given here for the first time. The occurrence of C. difficilis from Epinephelidae is considered as a new host family record.
两种杀虫剂鱼类的寄生虫学研究2020年1月至12月在伊拉克海域捕获的粉耳皇Lethrinus lentjan, Spangled emperor L. nebulosus和Areolate grouper Epinephelus areolatus,发现鱼鳃感染了diplectanid monogenoid,鉴定为calydisides difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969。本研究对寄生虫进行了重新描述,并首次对卵进行了描述,证实了该物种具有由种内变异引起的广泛尺寸。长叶乳杆菌的硬、软两部分的测量值均小于星云乳杆菌。此外,乳状云的测量值接近于L. lentjan,或介于L. nebulosus和L. lentjan之间。本文讨论了哈拉克氏乳杆菌过去的记录,因此认为nebulosus和lentjan乳杆菌是阿拉伯湾的新记录。在目前的研究中,寄生虫卵的尺寸首次在这里给出。从浅纹蝇科中发现艰难梭菌被认为是一个新的寄主家族记录。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Water Quality and Vitamin C on the Growth Performance and Haematological Parameters of Broiler Chickens 水质和维生素C对肉仔鸡生长性能和血液学参数的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.18
Safeaa J. Hussain, Khalid C. K. Al-Salhie
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of varying water quality with and without vitamin C on the growth performance and some haematological parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 252 one day old, unsexed chicks of broiler chickens (ROSS 308), average body weight 42 g were used in this study. For 35 days, the chicks were divided into 7 treatments (each treatment thirty six chicks), with 3 replicate per each (twelve chicks per replicate). The first group drank reverse osmosis (R.O) without any addition containing 28.16 total dissolved solids mg.l-1 (TDS), whereas the second, third and fourth groups (Safwan, Qurna and Fao tap water) drank water containing 1849.6, 1452.8 and 1356.8 TDS mg.l-1 respectively. The fifth, sixth and seventh group drank water containing 1849.6, 1452.8 and 1356.8 TDS mg.l-1 with 100 mg.l-1 vitamin C respectively. The highest body weight, weight gain, feed intake and the better feed conversion ratio were observed at the seventh group. The highest cumulative water intake was observed at the second, third and fourth groups. Higher red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cells volume (PCV) and lymphocytes ratio were recorded at the seventh group. Higher heterophils and heterophils/lymphocytes ratio were observed at the second group. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not affected by different water quality. It can be concluded that the increase of TDS in the drinking water to 1849.6 mg.l-1 led to a decline in the growth performance and haematological parameters, while the addition of vitamin C (100 mg.l-1) improved the growth parameters and physiological status of broilers.
本试验旨在研究添加和不添加维生素C的不同水质对肉鸡生长性能和一些血液学参数的影响。试验选用1日龄、平均体重42 g的罗斯308肉鸡(ROSS 308)无性雏鸡252只。试验期35 d,分为7个处理,每个处理36只鸡,每个处理3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。第一组饮用不加任何添加剂的反渗透(R.O),总溶解固体含量为28.16 mg。而第二、第三和第四组(Safwan、Qurna和Fao自来水)饮用的水分别为1849.6、1452.8和1356.8 TDS mg。l - 1。第五组、第六组和第七组饮用的水分别含有1849.6、1452.8和1356.8 TDS毫克。L-1, 100mg。l-1维生素C第7组体重、增重、采食量最高,饲料系数较好。第二组、第三组和第四组的累计饮水量最高。第7组红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(Hb)、堆积细胞体积(PCV)和淋巴细胞比率均升高。第二组细胞嗜性粒细胞增多,嗜性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值增高。平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)不受不同水质的影响。由此可知,饮用水中TDS的增加量为1849.6 mg。l-1导致肉鸡生长性能和血液学指标下降,而维生素C (100 mg.l-1)的添加改善了肉鸡的生长参数和生理状态。
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引用次数: 0
Workers Risk Levels of Noise in the Dairy Cow Milking Parlor 奶牛挤奶车间工人的噪音风险水平
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.16
D. Dimov, T. Penev, I. Marinov
The study was carried out in the milking parlor of a dairy cattle farm consisting 500 animals from Holstein-Friesian breed in Bulgaria. The animals were housed in a freestall dairy barn and milked in double-8 milking parlor “herringbone” type. The level of noise was measured three times in every milking (at the beginning, in the middle and at the finishing of the milking) in the morning, midday and evening milking every month for one year. The noise level in the working environment was recorded by noise meter„ Lutron SL-4023SD. The highest noise levels were reported in summer and winter, with maximum values up to 78.3 dB. It was found that regardless of the season during the morning milking the lowest noise levels in the milking parlor were reported (from 70.37 to 70.46 dB). The average values for noise level for an 8-hour working day by seasons varied from 69.87 dB to 74.36 dB, with the highest reported value for the winter season.
这项研究是在保加利亚一个奶牛农场的挤奶室进行的,该农场有500头来自荷尔斯泰因-弗里西亚品种的奶牛。这些动物被安置在一个独立式的奶牛场里,在“人字形”式的双8挤奶室里挤奶。每次挤奶(挤奶开始、挤奶中间和挤奶结束),在每月的早上、中午和晚上分别测量三次噪音水平,持续一年。工作环境中的噪声水平由Lutron SL-4023SD噪声计记录。夏季和冬季的噪音水平最高,最高可达78.3分贝。结果表明,在不同季节的早挤奶时段,挤奶室内的噪声最低(70.37 ~ 70.46 dB)。8小时工作日噪声的季节平均值为69.87 ~ 74.36 dB,其中冬季最高。
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引用次数: 2
Purification of Turbid Water Using Orange Peel Extract and Luffa Mucilage 用柑桔皮提取物和丝瓜浆液净化混浊水
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.19
I. M. Al-aubadi, L. Hashim
The increase in aluminum ion concentration resulting from chemical coagulants in water treatment causes human health problems, including damage to brain cells and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, numerous countries sought to find alternative coagulants extracted from natural, environmentally friendly organic sources for use in water treatment. The research included preparing an aqueous extract from orange peel, extracting luffa mucilage, as well as, calculating the yield, estimating the size of mucilage particles, and using them as plant coagulants to purify turbid water. Moreover, the optimum conditions were set for it, represented by the concentration of coagulants and the pH to give the highest efficiency in purifying turbid water. As well as using them as coagulation aids with alum to reduce the concentration of alum used in water purification. The results indicated that the optimum concentrations of natural coagulants ranged 40-50 ppm, where the orange peel coagulant exceeded the luffa coagulant with a significant difference in the turbidity removal, as it was 87 and 71% respectively, at pH values of 5 and 10. Likewise, there were significant differences in the reduction of heavy elements by using coagulants in water treatment. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the percentages of turbidity removal between the mixing ratio 1:0.5 and 1:0.25 (coagulant aid: Alum). Conversely, the use of the optimum concentration of orange peel coagulant with half the alum concentration gave turbidity removal percentages close to the use of alum alone in purifying water. It can be concluded from the study the possibility of using the extracted plant coagulants to reduce the concentration of alum used in purifying turbid water. The results reveled the highest significant decrease in the concentration of all heavy elements using luffa fruit coagulant and orange peel coagulant, compared to their concentration in turbid water before purification, which was 0.4 ppm.
水处理中的化学混凝剂导致铝离子浓度增加,导致人类健康问题,包括脑细胞受损和阿尔茨海默病。因此,许多国家都在寻找从天然、环保的有机来源中提取的可替代混凝剂,用于水处理。该研究包括从橘子皮中制备水提取物,提取丝瓜粘液,以及计算产量,估计粘液颗粒的大小,并将其用作植物混凝剂来净化浑浊水。以混凝剂的浓度和pH值为代表,确定了最佳的混凝条件,使其对浑浊水的净化效率最高。同时将它们与明矾一起用作助凝剂,以降低水净化中明矾的浓度。结果表明,天然混凝剂的最佳浓度为40 ~ 50 ppm,其中,在pH值为5和10时,橙皮混凝剂的去浊率分别为87%和71%,明显优于丝瓜混凝剂。同样,在水处理中使用混凝剂对重元素的还原也有显著差异。结果表明,混凝剂:明矾的混凝比为1:0.5和1:0.25时,混凝剂的去浊率有显著差异。相反,使用最佳浓度的橙皮混凝剂和一半的明矾浓度,其浊度去除率接近于在净化水中单独使用明矾。研究结果表明,利用提取的植物混凝剂降低明矾净化混浊水的浓度是可行的。结果表明,使用丝瓜果混凝剂和橘子皮混凝剂后,与净化前混浊水中的浓度(0.4 ppm)相比,所有重元素的浓度下降幅度最大。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Different Sucrose Concentrations on Shoot Multiplication of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cultured in vitro 不同蔗糖浓度对木瓜(Carica Papaya L.)茎部增殖的影响体外培养
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.17
Emad E. Al-Drisi, M. Ibrahim, A. Jasim
Papaya is a heterozygous plant commonly cultivated by seed but, unfortunately, they are not true to type. Moreover, the hybrid seed varieties like the Red Lady are very highly expensive. Hence, tissue culture techniques offer an alternative method to produce a million clones within a short period and a reasonable price. Thus, the current study aimed to optimize the shoot multiplication rate of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Red Lady) in vitro. Five concentrations of sucrose (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g.L-1) were applied for the papaya shoot proliferation. Results demonstrated that the 30 g.L-1 sucrose was significantly superior in the rate of shoot numbers (4.1 shoots. explant-1), shoot length (0.90 cm), (2.7 leaves. shoot-1), leaf area (1.40 cm2) and fresh weight (0.192 g) in compared with other sucrose treatments. Whereas, the 40 g.L-1 sucrose treatment was significantly superior in dry weight of shoot compared to the other treatments, which recorded 0.058 g. While the treatment of 10 g.L-1 sucrose recorded the lowest values in shoot numbers, length, and dry weight. Current study conclude that the 30 g.L-1 sucrose is the best concentration treatment that must be used in papaya micropropagation, where it gives  the maximum rate  of shoot numbers and other morphological traits.
木瓜是一种杂合子植物,通常用种子栽培,但不幸的是,它们不是真正的类型。此外,像红女士这样的杂交种子品种非常昂贵。因此,组织培养技术提供了一种在短时间内以合理的价格生产一百万个克隆的替代方法。因此,本研究旨在优化木瓜(Carica papaya L. cv.)茎部增殖率。红女士)。5种浓度的蔗糖(10、20、30、40和50 g.L-1)可促进木瓜芽的增殖。结果表明,30g。L-1蔗糖在芽数率(4.1芽数)上显著优于对照。外植体1),茎长(0.90 cm),叶片2.7片。与其他蔗糖处理相比,苗1),叶面积(1.40 cm2)和鲜重(0.192 g)。然而,40g。L-1蔗糖处理的地上部干重显著优于其他处理,为0.058 g。而处理10 g。L-1蔗糖的茎数、茎长和干重最低。目前的研究得出结论,30g。L-1蔗糖是番木瓜微繁的最佳浓度处理,其芽数率和其他形态性状最高。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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