Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.18
Asaad R. S. Al-Hilphy, A. Altemimi, Zina T. Alkanan, Aya S. Eweys, Imane Haoujar, F. Cacciola, T. Abedelmaksoud
Ohmic heating (OH) is an electrothermal technology used to inactivate enzyme and microbial activities. This work aimed to study the impact of Ohmic Heating Under Vacuum (OHUV) which compared to conventional heating (CH) as well as storage stability at 5°C and 25 °C on microbial safety, and nutritional quality. The evaluation parameters were pH, titratable acidity, TSS, lycopene, ascorbic acid, PME, HMF, and microbiological activity. The obtained results showed that tomato paste samples that were treated by OHUV are significantly superior to CH in terms of all physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as being the least harmful during storage in both transparent and dark packages. The results showed the changes in ascorbic acid, lycopene, and HMF values that were treated by OHUV at 25 °C and filled in transparent package are most affected compared to other treated samples. On the other hand, tomato paste samples stored in dark packages at 5 °C performed significantly better than those subjected to CH under the same conditions and activated PME the most had higher ascorbic acid and lycopene and fewer changes in HMF during storage time for 90 days. OHUV found to be a good alternative treatment in the production of tomato paste.
{"title":"Vacuum Ohmic Heating: A Promising Technology for the Improvement of Tomato Paste Processing, Safety, Quality and Storage Stability","authors":"Asaad R. S. Al-Hilphy, A. Altemimi, Zina T. Alkanan, Aya S. Eweys, Imane Haoujar, F. Cacciola, T. Abedelmaksoud","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Ohmic heating (OH) is an electrothermal technology used to inactivate enzyme and microbial activities. This work aimed to study the impact of Ohmic Heating Under Vacuum (OHUV) which compared to conventional heating (CH) as well as storage stability at 5°C and 25 °C on microbial safety, and nutritional quality. The evaluation parameters were pH, titratable acidity, TSS, lycopene, ascorbic acid, PME, HMF, and microbiological activity. The obtained results showed that tomato paste samples that were treated by OHUV are significantly superior to CH in terms of all physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, as well as being the least harmful during storage in both transparent and dark packages. The results showed the changes in ascorbic acid, lycopene, and HMF values that were treated by OHUV at 25 °C and filled in transparent package are most affected compared to other treated samples. On the other hand, tomato paste samples stored in dark packages at 5 °C performed significantly better than those subjected to CH under the same conditions and activated PME the most had higher ascorbic acid and lycopene and fewer changes in HMF during storage time for 90 days. OHUV found to be a good alternative treatment in the production of tomato paste.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79393685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.17
Hanan W. K. Agwaan
This study was conducted to determine the effect of Amino acid Methionine and Lysine on the reproductive performance of male Awassi sheep. Twenty Awassi males aged range 10-12 months and average weight 32± 0.5kg were used in this study, during the period from May to August 2022. The animals were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group was the control group (T1). In this group, sheep were fed on standard diet without any additive. The second treated group (T2) were fed on standard diet supplemented with coated Methionine (1.5g/sheep/day). The third treated group (T3) were fed on standard diet supplemented with coated Lysine (2.5g/sheep/day). The fourth treated group (T4) were fed on standard diet supplemented with coated Methionine and Lysine at the same doses used in T2 and T3 .The results showed that there was a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in sperm characteristics of T4 as compared to other groups. T4 also showed the highest testosterone levels as compared with the other groups.T4group also showed a well development in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells as compared withT1.T4 showed the best histological testicular architecture especially Sertoli cells as compared with T1,T2andT3. It was concluded from this study that coated Methionine and Lysine might improve semen characteristics, testosterone levels and male reproductive performance in Awassi male.
{"title":"Effect of Coated Methionine and Lysine and Their Combination on Fertility of Awassi Male Sheep","authors":"Hanan W. K. Agwaan","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effect of Amino acid Methionine and Lysine on the reproductive performance of male Awassi sheep. Twenty Awassi males aged range 10-12 months and average weight 32± 0.5kg were used in this study, during the period from May to August 2022. The animals were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group was the control group (T1). In this group, sheep were fed on standard diet without any additive. The second treated group (T2) were fed on standard diet supplemented with coated Methionine (1.5g/sheep/day). The third treated group (T3) were fed on standard diet supplemented with coated Lysine (2.5g/sheep/day). The fourth treated group (T4) were fed on standard diet supplemented with coated Methionine and Lysine at the same doses used in T2 and T3 .The results showed that there was a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in sperm characteristics of T4 as compared to other groups. T4 also showed the highest testosterone levels as compared with the other groups.T4group also showed a well development in the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells as compared withT1.T4 showed the best histological testicular architecture especially Sertoli cells as compared with T1,T2andT3. It was concluded from this study that coated Methionine and Lysine might improve semen characteristics, testosterone levels and male reproductive performance in Awassi male.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87031422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.13
Yaqob S. S. Al-Rumaidh, S. T. Al-Sahlany, Haider. I. Ali
Agrobacterium species are responsible for the production of the polysaccharide known as curdlan. The curdlan was produced from 10 isolates that were collected from a variety of local sources, including as agricultural soils, root nodules, and plant roots. The isolates were identified by examinations using morphological, microscopic, and biochemical tests. After testing the isolates to see which ones could produce the most curdlan, the A2 isolate finally emerged with a production capacity of 29.2 g.L-1. According to the findings, the production of curdlan was increased using the modified medium that contained date juice at a concentration of 26.4 mL.100 mL-1 of the production medium. The resultant yield was 30.7 g.L-1, which was the highest possible yield. The identification of curdlan was validated by the utilization of FTIR, NMR, and HPLC techniques. The modified medium had the capability of being utilized in the production of curdlan from agricultural waste products.
{"title":"Impact of Using Date Juice as a Carbon Source on Curdlan Produced by a Local Isolate of Agrobacterium leguminum","authors":"Yaqob S. S. Al-Rumaidh, S. T. Al-Sahlany, Haider. I. Ali","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Agrobacterium species are responsible for the production of the polysaccharide known as curdlan. The curdlan was produced from 10 isolates that were collected from a variety of local sources, including as agricultural soils, root nodules, and plant roots. The isolates were identified by examinations using morphological, microscopic, and biochemical tests. After testing the isolates to see which ones could produce the most curdlan, the A2 isolate finally emerged with a production capacity of 29.2 g.L-1. According to the findings, the production of curdlan was increased using the modified medium that contained date juice at a concentration of 26.4 mL.100 mL-1 of the production medium. The resultant yield was 30.7 g.L-1, which was the highest possible yield. The identification of curdlan was validated by the utilization of FTIR, NMR, and HPLC techniques. The modified medium had the capability of being utilized in the production of curdlan from agricultural waste products.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80725844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.15
Jaafar A. Issa, Alaa H. Al-Farttoosy, Abdulnabi A. Matrood
The adsorption, distribution coefficient, Langmuir and Freundlich models and the mathematical evaluation of pesticides have become more interesting from an environmental point of view. The outcomes revealed that indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin are subjected to the Pseudo-first order reaction (PFO). The rate of degradation was reached, into 0.01, 0.07, and 0.04 a minute respectively. While chlorantraniliprole reached 0.00002 a minute. This indicates that these insecticides are decreasing in their concentrations depending only on the time. Hence, the time required to decrease 50% of each insecticide (DT50) was various periods. The DT50 for indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole 3.2, 1.9, 10.1, and 2.3 days respectively. The distribution Coefficient Kd as well scored (5.25, 1.30, 0.562, and 0.639) mL g-1 respectively. This indicated that indoxacarb, imidacloprid has a mobility behaviour, while the lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole are less mobile in the soil. In terms of Freundlich model (aF), chlorantraniliprole 2.82 and lambda-cyhalothrin 2.75 are more fit than indoxacarb 0.013 L g-1 and imidacloprid 0.249 L g-1 subjected to the Langmuir model (KL).
从环境的角度来看，吸附、分布系数、Langmuir和Freundlich模型以及农药的数学评价变得更加有趣。结果表明，茚虫威、吡虫啉和高效氯氟氰菊酯发生伪一级反应。降解速率分别达到0.01、0.07和0.04 / min。而氯虫腈达到每分钟0.00002。这表明这些杀虫剂的浓度仅随时间而下降。因此，每种杀虫剂(DT50)减少50%所需的时间是不同时期的。茚虫威、吡虫啉、高效氯氟氰菊酯和氯虫虫腈的杀伤时间分别为3.2、1.9、10.1和2.3 d。分布系数Kd分别为5.25、1.30、0.562和0.639 mL g-1。说明茚虫威、吡虫啉在土壤中具有迁移性，而高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫腈在土壤中迁移性较差。在Freundlich模型(aF)下，氯虫腈2.82和高效氯氰菊酯2.75比茚虫威0.013 L g-1和吡虫啉0.249 L g-1更适合Langmuir模型(KL)。
{"title":"Behaviour Study of Four Insecticides using different Mathematical Modeling","authors":"Jaafar A. Issa, Alaa H. Al-Farttoosy, Abdulnabi A. Matrood","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption, distribution coefficient, Langmuir and Freundlich models and the mathematical evaluation of pesticides have become more interesting from an environmental point of view. The outcomes revealed that indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin are subjected to the Pseudo-first order reaction (PFO). The rate of degradation was reached, into 0.01, 0.07, and 0.04 a minute respectively. While chlorantraniliprole reached 0.00002 a minute. This indicates that these insecticides are decreasing in their concentrations depending only on the time. Hence, the time required to decrease 50% of each insecticide (DT50) was various periods. The DT50 for indoxacarb, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole 3.2, 1.9, 10.1, and 2.3 days respectively. The distribution Coefficient Kd as well scored (5.25, 1.30, 0.562, and 0.639) mL g-1 respectively. This indicated that indoxacarb, imidacloprid has a mobility behaviour, while the lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole are less mobile in the soil. In terms of Freundlich model (aF), chlorantraniliprole 2.82 and lambda-cyhalothrin 2.75 are more fit than indoxacarb 0.013 L g-1 and imidacloprid 0.249 L g-1 subjected to the Langmuir model (KL).","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89553496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.16
Q. Koyee, S. Abdullah
The present study is the first morphological and molecular characterization of a monogenean Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) parasitizing gill filaments of common carps (Cyprinus carpio) obtained from the Lesser Zab River in northeastern Iraq in the subdistrict of Altun-Kopru from July to October 2022 and transported to the Laboratory of Zoology Research, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. Most previous studies regarding the considered parasite have targeted morphological data analysis. However, DNA sequence outline is typically supportive in systematics, since it contains aspects that are absent from morphological research. The main goal was to molecularly identify E. nipponicum utilizing the nuclear 28S rDNA region by PCR and nucleotide sequencing approach. The sequences were obtained and compared to the accessible GenBank sequences. The results justify the validation of E. nipponicum in Iraq using traditional (morphology-based) and modern (molecular-based) parasitological techniques. The latter one showed 99.11% (identity percentage) of E. nipponicum in comparison to the registered sequences of NCBI. Additionally, this was considered the first wide-ranging morphological and molecular study in the studied region. The phylogenetic relationship was concluded using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. It was concluded that besides of the morphological characterization of E. nipponicum, PCR sequencing was considered a suitable molecular method for recognizing monogenean diplozoid species on the fishes.
{"title":"First Morphological and Molecular (28S rDNA) Characterization of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) parasitizing Cyprinus carpio, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Q. Koyee, S. Abdullah","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is the first morphological and molecular characterization of a monogenean Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Goto, 1891) parasitizing gill filaments of common carps (Cyprinus carpio) obtained from the Lesser Zab River in northeastern Iraq in the subdistrict of Altun-Kopru from July to October 2022 and transported to the Laboratory of Zoology Research, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq. Most previous studies regarding the considered parasite have targeted morphological data analysis. However, DNA sequence outline is typically supportive in systematics, since it contains aspects that are absent from morphological research. The main goal was to molecularly identify E. nipponicum utilizing the nuclear 28S rDNA region by PCR and nucleotide sequencing approach. The sequences were obtained and compared to the accessible GenBank sequences. The results justify the validation of E. nipponicum in Iraq using traditional (morphology-based) and modern (molecular-based) parasitological techniques. The latter one showed 99.11% (identity percentage) of E. nipponicum in comparison to the registered sequences of NCBI. Additionally, this was considered the first wide-ranging morphological and molecular study in the studied region. The phylogenetic relationship was concluded using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. It was concluded that besides of the morphological characterization of E. nipponicum, PCR sequencing was considered a suitable molecular method for recognizing monogenean diplozoid species on the fishes.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86614956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.12
Batol A. Karso
This study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of eighteen Iraqi wheat varieties against the infestation of Khapra beetle Trogoderma granaruimnine Everts; nine varieties of durum wheat Triticum turgidum Desf. (Um Rabei, Aksad65, Cham3. Bakrajo-1, Semeto, Creso, Baghdad2, Zain Turk, Sardar), and nine varieties of bread wheat T. aestivum L. (Jihan99, Azza, Cham6, Tamuz2, Adnaniya, Adana, Ibaa99, Azadi, and Abu-Ghraib) were selected. Results showed that the Abu-Ghraib and Azza varieties were the most resistant to infested by the beetles; the total of insect’s population reached 4.8, and 5 insects.100 g-1 of wheat, respectively. Growth rate of 0 and 0.1 insect/month-1, loss of weight grains of 1.6 and 1.9 %, and the decreasing germination of grains (4.81, and 0.6)% were recorded for both varieties, respectively. While var. Semeto was susceptible to the infestation; the insect population attained 1238.8 insects.100 g-1 of wheat with a growth rate of 82.3 insect/month-1; also the loss of weight grains was 58.5 % and the loss of germination of grains increased to 84.3%. To conclude, this study demonstrated that the durum wheat showed higher susceptibility than bread varieties.
{"title":"Evaluating the Susceptibility of Some Wheat Varieties to Infestation of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) Under Storage Conditions","authors":"Batol A. Karso","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of eighteen Iraqi wheat varieties against the infestation of Khapra beetle Trogoderma granaruimnine Everts; nine varieties of durum wheat Triticum turgidum Desf. (Um Rabei, Aksad65, Cham3. Bakrajo-1, Semeto, Creso, Baghdad2, Zain Turk, Sardar), and nine varieties of bread wheat T. aestivum L. (Jihan99, Azza, Cham6, Tamuz2, Adnaniya, Adana, Ibaa99, Azadi, and Abu-Ghraib) were selected. Results showed that the Abu-Ghraib and Azza varieties were the most resistant to infested by the beetles; the total of insect’s population reached 4.8, and 5 insects.100 g-1 of wheat, respectively. Growth rate of 0 and 0.1 insect/month-1, loss of weight grains of 1.6 and 1.9 %, and the decreasing germination of grains (4.81, and 0.6)% were recorded for both varieties, respectively. While var. Semeto was susceptible to the infestation; the insect population attained 1238.8 insects.100 g-1 of wheat with a growth rate of 82.3 insect/month-1; also the loss of weight grains was 58.5 % and the loss of germination of grains increased to 84.3%. To conclude, this study demonstrated that the durum wheat showed higher susceptibility than bread varieties.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77379074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.14
Mohamed R. Fouad
In this study, peat, compost and charcoal were added to reduce groundwater pollution with thiamethoxam by soil columns. Iodide has been used as a water tracer at a rate of 10 mL (0.1 M) for each soil column and that leached fast in all soil columns. The breakthrough curve of thiamethoxam was appeared from leachates of calcareous soil column and alluvial soil column with iodide. Accordingly it is considered thiamethoxam is highly mobile compound in tested soils. The addition of soil amendments reduced downward movement and significantly increased cumulative percentage of thiamethoxam from soil columns. After application; 85.21, 93.23, 98.12 and 97.84 % of applied thiamethoxam were recovered in leachates of alluvial soil, 5% peat-soil, 5% compost-soil and 5% charcoal-soil. While; 91.50, 99.30, 94.09 and 86.89 % from calcareous soil, 5% peat-soil, 5% compost-soil and 5% charcoal-soil columns. This is first study to assess, leaching of thiamethoxam and effect of soil amendments on leaching by soil columns. This information can be used to understand how alterations in agricultural practices and potential effects to groundwater.
本研究采用泥炭、堆肥和木炭作为土壤柱，减少噻虫嗪对地下水的污染。碘化物被用作水示踪剂，每根土壤柱的速率为10 mL (0.1 M)，在所有土壤柱中都能快速浸出。在含碘钙质土柱和冲积土柱的渗滤液中出现噻虫嗪的突破曲线。因此，认为噻虫嗪在试验土壤中是一种高流动性的化合物。土壤改良剂的添加减少了土壤的向下运动，显著增加了土壤柱中噻虫嗪的累积百分比。在应用程序;冲积土、5%泥炭土、5%堆肥土和5%炭土渗滤液中施用噻虫脒的回收率分别为85.21%、93.23%、98.12%和97.84%。而;分别为91.50%、99.30%、94.09和86.89%，分别为钙质土柱、5%泥炭土柱、5%堆肥土柱和5%炭土柱。这是第一次研究噻虫嗪的淋溶和土壤改良剂对土壤柱淋溶的影响。这些信息可用于了解农业实践的变化及其对地下水的潜在影响。
{"title":"Effect of Soil Amendments on Leaching of Thiamethoxam in Alluvial and Calcareous Soil","authors":"Mohamed R. Fouad","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, peat, compost and charcoal were added to reduce groundwater pollution with thiamethoxam by soil columns. Iodide has been used as a water tracer at a rate of 10 mL (0.1 M) for each soil column and that leached fast in all soil columns. The breakthrough curve of thiamethoxam was appeared from leachates of calcareous soil column and alluvial soil column with iodide. Accordingly it is considered thiamethoxam is highly mobile compound in tested soils. The addition of soil amendments reduced downward movement and significantly increased cumulative percentage of thiamethoxam from soil columns. After application; 85.21, 93.23, 98.12 and 97.84 % of applied thiamethoxam were recovered in leachates of alluvial soil, 5% peat-soil, 5% compost-soil and 5% charcoal-soil. While; 91.50, 99.30, 94.09 and 86.89 % from calcareous soil, 5% peat-soil, 5% compost-soil and 5% charcoal-soil columns. This is first study to assess, leaching of thiamethoxam and effect of soil amendments on leaching by soil columns. This information can be used to understand how alterations in agricultural practices and potential effects to groundwater.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90678264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.11
Salah H. Faraj, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Thobela Louis Tyasi
Jenoubi cattle breed classified as a Bos indicus L., is one of Iraqi indigenous cattle that kept for milk production purpose, but the influence of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) on milk-related traits remain poorly understood. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FABP4 gene of Jenoubi cows. The DNA samples were extracted from the blood of 21 cows. Along 565-bp nucleotide (nt) amplicon from the intron 2- exon 3- intron 3 of FABP4 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while forward sequencing was used to detect SNPs and results were analyzed using bioinformatics software. The findings resulted the existence of two SNPs (c.3689G>A and c.3709G>C) in the exon 3 and four SNPs (g.3494A>C, g.3531A>T, g.3743T>C and g.3765T>C) in the intron regions. Therefore, three haplotypes of FABP4 gene were obtained in this study based on three SNPs of g.3494A>C, g.3531A>T and g.3765T>C. Nonetheless, those haplotypes were not significantly influencing to the milk quality traits of Jenoubi cows. However, the SNPs examined in this study might not be used as potential DNA marker to improve milk production traits of the current breed.
{"title":"Detection of SNPs in FABP4 Gene and Its Relationship with Milk Quality Traits in Iraqi Jenoubi Cows","authors":"Salah H. Faraj, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra, Thobela Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Jenoubi cattle breed classified as a Bos indicus L., is one of Iraqi indigenous cattle that kept for milk production purpose, but the influence of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) on milk-related traits remain poorly understood. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FABP4 gene of Jenoubi cows. The DNA samples were extracted from the blood of 21 cows. Along 565-bp nucleotide (nt) amplicon from the intron 2- exon 3- intron 3 of FABP4 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while forward sequencing was used to detect SNPs and results were analyzed using bioinformatics software. The findings resulted the existence of two SNPs (c.3689G>A and c.3709G>C) in the exon 3 and four SNPs (g.3494A>C, g.3531A>T, g.3743T>C and g.3765T>C) in the intron regions. Therefore, three haplotypes of FABP4 gene were obtained in this study based on three SNPs of g.3494A>C, g.3531A>T and g.3765T>C. Nonetheless, those haplotypes were not significantly influencing to the milk quality traits of Jenoubi cows. However, the SNPs examined in this study might not be used as potential DNA marker to improve milk production traits of the current breed.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78121221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.07
W. K. Al-Temimi, Salah N. Aziz, A. Khalaf
This study aimed to isolate and identify the Bacillus licheniformis bacteria that produces the enzyme collagenase. Due to the selective nature of this enzyme in breaking down and degrading collagen, it was used to tenderize aged buffalo meat. The bacterial isolates were screened using a selective medium and then grown on collagen-agar medium to identify enzyme-producing isolates. Thirteen enzyme-producing isolates were obtained based on the formation of a transparent corona around the colony. Biochemical assessments of the bacterial isolates were carried out using the ABIS online program. The isolates BL1–BL9, BL12 and BL13 were found to be related to B. licheniformis with a percentage match of 98%, while BL10 and BL11 were related to Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis with a percentage match of 95% and 95.3%, respectively. The enzyme activity of the isolates varied, with the highest activity reaching 200.71 units.ml-1 for isolate BL12. The enzyme of this isolate was chosen to complete the other tests. The optimal time required to obtain the highest enzymatic activity was found to be 20 h, which amounted to 210.25 units.ml-1, with a specific activity of 135.64 units.ml-1. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate at a saturation rate of 20–70% as it showed an enzymatic activity and specificity of 355.81 units.ml-1 and a specific activity of 423.58 units.ml-1. Partially purified collagenase was used to tenderize aged buffalo meat. The results showed that treating aged buffalo meat with the enzyme solution for different immersion durations improved the pH, water-holding capacity (WHC) and cooking yield, with an increase in the concentration of hydroxyproline and a significant percentage of soluble collagen; the treated samples showed the best properties with a 60-min immersion duration.
{"title":"Production of Partially Purified Collagenase from Bacillus licheniformis and It’s Use to Tenderize Aged Buffalo Meat","authors":"W. K. Al-Temimi, Salah N. Aziz, A. Khalaf","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to isolate and identify the Bacillus licheniformis bacteria that produces the enzyme collagenase. Due to the selective nature of this enzyme in breaking down and degrading collagen, it was used to tenderize aged buffalo meat. The bacterial isolates were screened using a selective medium and then grown on collagen-agar medium to identify enzyme-producing isolates. Thirteen enzyme-producing isolates were obtained based on the formation of a transparent corona around the colony. Biochemical assessments of the bacterial isolates were carried out using the ABIS online program. The isolates BL1–BL9, BL12 and BL13 were found to be related to B. licheniformis with a percentage match of 98%, while BL10 and BL11 were related to Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis with a percentage match of 95% and 95.3%, respectively. The enzyme activity of the isolates varied, with the highest activity reaching 200.71 units.ml-1 for isolate BL12. The enzyme of this isolate was chosen to complete the other tests. The optimal time required to obtain the highest enzymatic activity was found to be 20 h, which amounted to 210.25 units.ml-1, with a specific activity of 135.64 units.ml-1. The enzyme was partially purified using ammonium sulphate at a saturation rate of 20–70% as it showed an enzymatic activity and specificity of 355.81 units.ml-1 and a specific activity of 423.58 units.ml-1. Partially purified collagenase was used to tenderize aged buffalo meat. The results showed that treating aged buffalo meat with the enzyme solution for different immersion durations improved the pH, water-holding capacity (WHC) and cooking yield, with an increase in the concentration of hydroxyproline and a significant percentage of soluble collagen; the treated samples showed the best properties with a 60-min immersion duration.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77546481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.08
S. El-Kosary, Ibrahim Hmmam, E. Gadalla, Yassin G. Qenawy
An essential element of date palm production is the pollen source. The present study was conducted during two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021 to evaluate some males of Aswan date palm. Herein, morphological, physicochemical, and molecular characteristics of 23 date palm males were evaluated to determine the most superior and promising males for pollinating the female ‘Bartamoda’ cultivar. It is obvious that ‘Male No. 22’, recorded almost the highest value for morphological characteristics, pollen viability, crude protein, total amino acids, and mineral content. In contrast, ‘Male No. 5’, showed the lowest content of crude protein, total amino acids, and mineral content compared to the other males that were grown in the rest of the locations in Aswan government. All ISSR primers were highly polymorphic, with a value of 100%, highlighting the necessity of employing such primers when investigating date palm diversification. Two unique bands were among the 43 total bands that were produced. The genetic coefficients with a mean of 61.5% and the first two primary axes were able to explain roughly 52.30% of the genetic variance across the genotypes of date palms. Those results suggested that all genotypes tested are efficient for the fertilization of ‘Bartamoda’ inflorescences and can be used as pollinizer in commercial orchards of this cultivar.
{"title":"Morphological, Physicochemical, and Molecular Evaluation of Twenty-Three Date Palm Males Growing in Aswan Governorate","authors":"S. El-Kosary, Ibrahim Hmmam, E. Gadalla, Yassin G. Qenawy","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2023.36.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"An essential element of date palm production is the pollen source. The present study was conducted during two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021 to evaluate some males of Aswan date palm. Herein, morphological, physicochemical, and molecular characteristics of 23 date palm males were evaluated to determine the most superior and promising males for pollinating the female ‘Bartamoda’ cultivar. It is obvious that ‘Male No. 22’, recorded almost the highest value for morphological characteristics, pollen viability, crude protein, total amino acids, and mineral content. In contrast, ‘Male No. 5’, showed the lowest content of crude protein, total amino acids, and mineral content compared to the other males that were grown in the rest of the locations in Aswan government. All ISSR primers were highly polymorphic, with a value of 100%, highlighting the necessity of employing such primers when investigating date palm diversification. Two unique bands were among the 43 total bands that were produced. The genetic coefficients with a mean of 61.5% and the first two primary axes were able to explain roughly 52.30% of the genetic variance across the genotypes of date palms. Those results suggested that all genotypes tested are efficient for the fertilization of ‘Bartamoda’ inflorescences and can be used as pollinizer in commercial orchards of this cultivar.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80715765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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