Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.14
A. Al-Salhi, S. Al-Shatty, Eman A. Al-Imara, Qutiba J. Al-Khfaji
The study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Food Science at Basrah University's, Faculty of Agriculture from 15/11/2020 to 26/12/2020, to study the flora of lactic acid bacteria in digestive parts )Jejunum, Ileum, and Ceca (for healthy adult chickens and identifying the target part that contains the largest number of lactic acid bacteria for different types of poultry. As a result, as well as isolating bacterial colonies after three times, and being genetically Identified with PCR, seven new species of lactic acid bacteria were acquired and registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as new local strains, both in Iraq and around the world, as follows: Lactobacillus gasseri strain Al-Salhi-1, Lactobacillus helveticus strain Al-Salhi-2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain Al-Salhi-3, Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain AhQuSa-1, Limosilactobacillus sp. strain AhQuSa-2, Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain AhQuSa-3, Lactobacillus Johnsonii strain AhQuSa-4. The results also showed a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in the logarithmic numbers of lactic acid bacteria in the jejunum for each of : the group of birds bred in local environments, as well as in the group of birds bred in commercial fields in comparison with the Ileum and Ceca, as the bacterial content was in the group of local birds : 6.52, 5.21, 4.15 (Cfu/g) for each of the jejunum, ileum and Ceca, respectively, while in the group of commercial birds it reached: 6.35, 5.02, 3.92 (Cfu/g) for each of the jejunum, ileum and Ceca, respectively.
{"title":"New Recording of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains from the Contents of Adult Chicken Intestines","authors":"A. Al-Salhi, S. Al-Shatty, Eman A. Al-Imara, Qutiba J. Al-Khfaji","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Food Science at Basrah University's, Faculty of Agriculture from 15/11/2020 to 26/12/2020, to study the flora of lactic acid bacteria in digestive parts )Jejunum, Ileum, and Ceca (for healthy adult chickens and identifying the target part that contains the largest number of lactic acid bacteria for different types of poultry. As a result, as well as isolating bacterial colonies after three times, and being genetically Identified with PCR, seven new species of lactic acid bacteria were acquired and registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as new local strains, both in Iraq and around the world, as follows: Lactobacillus gasseri strain Al-Salhi-1, Lactobacillus helveticus strain Al-Salhi-2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain Al-Salhi-3, Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain AhQuSa-1, Limosilactobacillus sp. strain AhQuSa-2, Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain AhQuSa-3, Lactobacillus Johnsonii strain AhQuSa-4. The results also showed a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in the logarithmic numbers of lactic acid bacteria in the jejunum for each of : the group of birds bred in local environments, as well as in the group of birds bred in commercial fields in comparison with the Ileum and Ceca, as the bacterial content was in the group of local birds : 6.52, 5.21, 4.15 (Cfu/g) for each of the jejunum, ileum and Ceca, respectively, while in the group of commercial birds it reached: 6.35, 5.02, 3.92 (Cfu/g) for each of the jejunum, ileum and Ceca, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82836064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.12
Wurood H. Abed, D. Kareem
The study was conducted to determine the distinguishing characteristics of the fourth-instar larvae that used to identify the six species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Basrah Province. Some morphological characteristics, pectin teeth, comb scales, lateral palatine brush filaments, and microspine patterns on the siphon were studied by using the scanning electron microscopy technique. The results showed that there are morphological differences in these micro-structures between the species, Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771), Culex pipines (Linnaeus, 1758), Culex pusillus Macquart, 1850, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles,1901, Culiseta longiareolata (Mecquart, 1838) and Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913.
{"title":"Identification of some Fourth Instar Larvae of the Mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in Basrah Province, Iraq","authors":"Wurood H. Abed, D. Kareem","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the distinguishing characteristics of the fourth-instar larvae that used to identify the six species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Basrah Province. Some morphological characteristics, pectin teeth, comb scales, lateral palatine brush filaments, and microspine patterns on the siphon were studied by using the scanning electron microscopy technique. The results showed that there are morphological differences in these micro-structures between the species, Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771), Culex pipines (Linnaeus, 1758), Culex pusillus Macquart, 1850, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles,1901, Culiseta longiareolata (Mecquart, 1838) and Uranotaenia unguiculata Edwards, 1913.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90293255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.15
Khalid H. Abdel Hassan, M. Eskander, Hassan H. M. Al-Rubai’y
Four chicken mortadella were prepared: C (control), M1, M2 and M3 by addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% of minced cowpea, respectively). The effect of adding minced cowpea on the physical, chemical, microbial, and sensory evaluation of mortadella had been studied. Results revealed that there were significant differences in fat, carbohydrates, and ash percentages in the mortadella. The fat percentage was gradually decreased from 15.13 % in the control group to 11.03 % in M3. Carbohydrate and ash were increased from 3.94, 2.53 % in the control group to 7.14, and 2.76 % in M3 respectively according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella. Protein and moisture were increased with no significant difference in all mortadella examined. Water holding capacity was increased significantly by adding minced cowpea. Microbial load test revealed that there was an obvious decrease in total bacterial count and Escherichia coli with an increase of cowpea in the mortadella. For sensory evaluation there were significant differences in some characteristics between control and other groups, colour, flavour, and taste decreased according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella formulations, the decrease was high in the M3 group and low in M1 and M2 groups with some similarity to the control group. The texture was improved by adding more minced cowpea to the mortadella particularly in the M3 group. Accordingly, the effect of these quality properties was reflected in the degree of general acceptance of the mortadella formulations.
{"title":"Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Mortadella","authors":"Khalid H. Abdel Hassan, M. Eskander, Hassan H. M. Al-Rubai’y","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Four chicken mortadella were prepared: C (control), M1, M2 and M3 by addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% of minced cowpea, respectively). The effect of adding minced cowpea on the physical, chemical, microbial, and sensory evaluation of mortadella had been studied. Results revealed that there were significant differences in fat, carbohydrates, and ash percentages in the mortadella. The fat percentage was gradually decreased from 15.13 % in the control group to 11.03 % in M3. Carbohydrate and ash were increased from 3.94, 2.53 % in the control group to 7.14, and 2.76 % in M3 respectively according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella. Protein and moisture were increased with no significant difference in all mortadella examined. Water holding capacity was increased significantly by adding minced cowpea. Microbial load test revealed that there was an obvious decrease in total bacterial count and Escherichia coli with an increase of cowpea in the mortadella. For sensory evaluation there were significant differences in some characteristics between control and other groups, colour, flavour, and taste decreased according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella formulations, the decrease was high in the M3 group and low in M1 and M2 groups with some similarity to the control group. The texture was improved by adding more minced cowpea to the mortadella particularly in the M3 group. Accordingly, the effect of these quality properties was reflected in the degree of general acceptance of the mortadella formulations.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80872240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-15DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.13
Rayan F. A. Al-Obady, A. Shaker
Two field experiments were conducted during winter growing season 2019-2020 at Ninevah Governorate at two locations: Talkief and Al-Hamdaniya. The main objective was to study the effect of two sowing dates (November 2017 and December 2017), and four levels of N15P15K15 fertilizers (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of flax under rainfed conditions. The factorial experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicate. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between sowing dates in all the studied characters in the both locations, the date of sowing (November 17) gave the highest rate of plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1, number of seeds. capsule-1, 1000 seed weight , seed yield, seed oil percentage and linolenic acid percentage. Adding NPK fertilizer with 200 Kg NPK.ha-1 to the soil was superior in some characters i.e. plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1 and number of seeds. capsule-1 in Al-Hamdaniya location, Whereas linolenic acid percentage was superior in Talkief location, Also highest seeds oil percentage was obtained in both locations. The interaction between date (November 17) with 200 kg.ha-1 of N15P15K15 fertilizer was significantly (p<0.05) superior in linolenic acid percentage in Talkief location only.
{"title":"Effect of Sowing Dates and Compound Fertilizer NPK on Growth and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)","authors":"Rayan F. A. Al-Obady, A. Shaker","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted during winter growing season 2019-2020 at Ninevah Governorate at two locations: Talkief and Al-Hamdaniya. The main objective was to study the effect of two sowing dates (November 2017 and December 2017), and four levels of N15P15K15 fertilizers (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of flax under rainfed conditions. The factorial experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicate. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between sowing dates in all the studied characters in the both locations, the date of sowing (November 17) gave the highest rate of plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1, number of seeds. capsule-1, 1000 seed weight , seed yield, seed oil percentage and linolenic acid percentage. Adding NPK fertilizer with 200 Kg NPK.ha-1 to the soil was superior in some characters i.e. plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1 and number of seeds. capsule-1 in Al-Hamdaniya location, Whereas linolenic acid percentage was superior in Talkief location, Also highest seeds oil percentage was obtained in both locations. The interaction between date (November 17) with 200 kg.ha-1 of N15P15K15 fertilizer was significantly (p<0.05) superior in linolenic acid percentage in Talkief location only.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82333435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-14DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.11
Fadya M. Saleem, H. Al-Saad, M. M. Al-Hejuje
The concentrations of PAHs compounds in this study were estimated in soil of different land uses at Basrah governorate including thirty stations distributed in eight locations (five residential areas, four oil areas, four agricultural areas, five public streets, four petrol stations, two power plants, two public parks and four near private electrical generators). The levels of PAHs compounds mean in all locations ranged from (34.2 - 382.5) ng g-1 dry weight. The means of carcinogenic PAHs compounds in study area varied from (66.4 - 688.8) ng g-1 dry weight and mean of non-carcinogenic PAHs compounds varied from (12.8 - 292.5) ng g-1 dry weight. The carcinogenic PAHs compounds are more dominant than non-carcinogenic PAHs compounds. The human health risk was assessed depending on toxic equivalent quotients (TEQs). The results showed that TEQs ranged from (77.98 - 951.10) ng g-1 dry weight. The TEQs of PAHs in soil samples of oil areas showed the highest level. In general all locations in Basrah governorate were much polluted with PAHs compounds due to urban and industrial development. The present study represents the first study to assess a human health risk due to exposure to PAHs compounds in soil along Basrah governorate.
{"title":"Using Toxic Equivalent Quotients (TEQs) to Evaluate the Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Compounds in Soil at Basrah Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Fadya M. Saleem, H. Al-Saad, M. M. Al-Hejuje","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of PAHs compounds in this study were estimated in soil of different land uses at Basrah governorate including thirty stations distributed in eight locations (five residential areas, four oil areas, four agricultural areas, five public streets, four petrol stations, two power plants, two public parks and four near private electrical generators). The levels of PAHs compounds mean in all locations ranged from (34.2 - 382.5) ng g-1 dry weight. The means of carcinogenic PAHs compounds in study area varied from (66.4 - 688.8) ng g-1 dry weight and mean of non-carcinogenic PAHs compounds varied from (12.8 - 292.5) ng g-1 dry weight. The carcinogenic PAHs compounds are more dominant than non-carcinogenic PAHs compounds. The human health risk was assessed depending on toxic equivalent quotients (TEQs). The results showed that TEQs ranged from (77.98 - 951.10) ng g-1 dry weight. The TEQs of PAHs in soil samples of oil areas showed the highest level. In general all locations in Basrah governorate were much polluted with PAHs compounds due to urban and industrial development. The present study represents the first study to assess a human health risk due to exposure to PAHs compounds in soil along Basrah governorate.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83946876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.09
Rabia J. Abbas, Rasool A.A. Al-Subaihawi
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory leverage of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts from Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) root as in inhibiting inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacterium, and fungus in vitro study. Concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg.ml-1 were used as aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Asparagus root against selected organisms, which tested using a drilling method, adding a 0.2 ml aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Asparagus root in every per well. Also 0.2 ml of distilled water and methanol alcoholic add as control and tetracycline as an antibiotic. GC/MS test results showed that the Asparagus root extract (ARE) contains various major phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, steroid, resin, saponins, and tannins. Also, it was observed that the alcoholic ARE had a higher inhibitory effect than aqueous ARE of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest diameter of inhibition at alcoholic extract concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 (mg.ml-1) were 28, 32, 35, and 26, 31, 35 mm respectively for aqueous ARE, compared to other concentrations. Whereas the effect of the aqueous extract was higher for the Pseudomonas 17, 25 and 34 mm compared to other concentrations, except for the antibiotic, which obtained the highest value (41mm). Aqueous extract concentrations 50, 100 and 150 mg.ml-1 showed higher efficiency than alcohol extract, antibiotic and control; when used against the fungus Aspergillus niger, and pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, the retarding diameters were 14, 17 and 23, and 11, 13 and 15 mm, respectively.
本研究旨在探讨芦笋根水提物和醇提物对病原菌和真菌生长的抑制作用。浓度分别为50,100和150mg。用ml-1作为芦笋根水提物和醇提物对选定的生物进行作用，采用钻孔法进行试验，每孔加入0.2 ml芦笋根水提物和醇提物。也加入0.2毫升蒸馏水和甲醇酒精作为对照，四环素作为抗生素。GC/MS测试结果表明，芦笋根提取物(ARE)含有黄酮类、酚类、生物碱、苷类、类固醇、树脂、皂苷和单宁等多种主要植物化学成分。此外，还观察到酒精型ARE对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用高于水相ARE。与其他浓度相比，乙醇提取物浓度为50、100和150 (mg.ml-1)时，水相ARE的最大抑制直径分别为28、32、35和26、31、35 mm。而水提物对假单胞菌17、25和34 mm的效果均高于其他浓度，但抗生素的效果最高(41mm)。水萃取物浓度50,100和150mg。Ml-1的效率高于醇提物、抗生素和对照;对黑曲霉和白色念珠菌的阻滞直径分别为14、17和23 mm, 11、13和15 mm。
{"title":"The Effect of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Roots on the inhibition of some Bacteria and Fungi","authors":"Rabia J. Abbas, Rasool A.A. Al-Subaihawi","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory leverage of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts from Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) root as in inhibiting inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacterium, and fungus in vitro study. Concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg.ml-1 were used as aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Asparagus root against selected organisms, which tested using a drilling method, adding a 0.2 ml aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Asparagus root in every per well. Also 0.2 ml of distilled water and methanol alcoholic add as control and tetracycline as an antibiotic. GC/MS test results showed that the Asparagus root extract (ARE) contains various major phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, steroid, resin, saponins, and tannins. Also, it was observed that the alcoholic ARE had a higher inhibitory effect than aqueous ARE of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest diameter of inhibition at alcoholic extract concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 (mg.ml-1) were 28, 32, 35, and 26, 31, 35 mm respectively for aqueous ARE, compared to other concentrations. Whereas the effect of the aqueous extract was higher for the Pseudomonas 17, 25 and 34 mm compared to other concentrations, except for the antibiotic, which obtained the highest value (41mm). Aqueous extract concentrations 50, 100 and 150 mg.ml-1 showed higher efficiency than alcohol extract, antibiotic and control; when used against the fungus Aspergillus niger, and pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, the retarding diameters were 14, 17 and 23, and 11, 13 and 15 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78932870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.10
Suha M. A. Almudhafar, Maytham A. Al-Hamdani
The present study aims to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the Eragrostis tef (teff or annual bunch grass) and Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea Butter Tree) seeds extract and investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In order to synthesise the silver nanoparticles, aqueous extract of the plant was prepared and introduced into a 1mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised using various instrumental techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for AgNPs using E. tef and V. paradoxa seeds extract was observed at 40 nm. The synthesised AgNPs of E. tef and V. paradoxa was found with diameter of 12.59- 34.60 nm, 29.05- 83.94 nm respectively. The antibacterial result against the experimental pathogens was found to range from 12-22 mm and from 13-19 mm using AgNPs of E. tef, V. paradoxa seed extracts respectively. In addition the result show that there was clear effect on Acinetobacter baumannii from hospital sewage isolates. Toxic effect of AgNPs against cancer cell were 77.12 (concentration of AgNPs was 75%) of E. tef and 77.23 (concentration of AgNPs was 50%) of V. paradoxa.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Anticancer Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised using Eragrostis tef and Vitellaria paradoxa Seeds Extract","authors":"Suha M. A. Almudhafar, Maytham A. Al-Hamdani","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the Eragrostis tef (teff or annual bunch grass) and Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea Butter Tree) seeds extract and investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In order to synthesise the silver nanoparticles, aqueous extract of the plant was prepared and introduced into a 1mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised using various instrumental techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for AgNPs using E. tef and V. paradoxa seeds extract was observed at 40 nm. The synthesised AgNPs of E. tef and V. paradoxa was found with diameter of 12.59- 34.60 nm, 29.05- 83.94 nm respectively. The antibacterial result against the experimental pathogens was found to range from 12-22 mm and from 13-19 mm using AgNPs of E. tef, V. paradoxa seed extracts respectively. In addition the result show that there was clear effect on Acinetobacter baumannii from hospital sewage isolates. Toxic effect of AgNPs against cancer cell were 77.12 (concentration of AgNPs was 75%) of E. tef and 77.23 (concentration of AgNPs was 50%) of V. paradoxa.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87063814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.08
Alaa H. Al-Farttoosy, Jenan N. Al Sadoon
The movement of pesticides in the soil has a significant effect, causing the failure of pest control, and environmental contamination. The results of this study were to investigate the environmental behaviour of glyphosate in the soil column. The data’s kinetic reaction was confirmed that glyphosate is subjected to Pseudo-first order rather than Pseudo-second order with the rate constant 0.042 h-1. This indicated that decreasing glyphosate concentrations can occur and gradually decline with time. The data also pointed out that glyphosate was more fitted to Freundlich compared to the Langmuir model. It scored 3.083 to 1.814, indicating the behaviour of glyphosate occurred in the various surfaces. The contribution coefficient of glyphosate between the soil and its solution Kd valued 0.33 mL. g-1, explaining that the herbicide is less mobile and tends to adsorb on soil particles. Overall data demonstrated that the kinetics of glyphosate under this current condition tends to be immobile.
{"title":"Comparison of Different Coefficients to Know the Kinetic Behaviour of Glyphosate in Soil Column","authors":"Alaa H. Al-Farttoosy, Jenan N. Al Sadoon","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"The movement of pesticides in the soil has a significant effect, causing the failure of pest control, and environmental contamination. The results of this study were to investigate the environmental behaviour of glyphosate in the soil column. The data’s kinetic reaction was confirmed that glyphosate is subjected to Pseudo-first order rather than Pseudo-second order with the rate constant 0.042 h-1. This indicated that decreasing glyphosate concentrations can occur and gradually decline with time. The data also pointed out that glyphosate was more fitted to Freundlich compared to the Langmuir model. It scored 3.083 to 1.814, indicating the behaviour of glyphosate occurred in the various surfaces. The contribution coefficient of glyphosate between the soil and its solution Kd valued 0.33 mL. g-1, explaining that the herbicide is less mobile and tends to adsorb on soil particles. Overall data demonstrated that the kinetics of glyphosate under this current condition tends to be immobile.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91377414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.07
V. Zaitsev, N. Bogolyubova, Lilia M. Zaitseva, Irina S. Emelyanova, V. P. Korotkiy, V. A. Ryzhov
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplements on ruminal digestion and intestinal microbiocenosis of lactating cows. The study was carried out under production conditions on three groups of new black-and-white heifers (10 heads each). Mean live weight of cows was 500±20 kg. The cows of the control group received a basic diet, which included haylage of perennial grasses, corn silage, legume hay, concentrate feed, and molasses. Cows of the experimental groups, in addition to the basal diet (BD), received the Farmatan TM supplement (consists of a balanced combination of tannins, essential oils of clove and cinnamon, sodium acetate, and organic zinc) at a dose of 40 g. head-1 per day (experimental group 1) and a pine tree energy supplement at a dose of 150 g. head-1 per day (experimental group 2). The supplement was mixed with concentrate feed and given once in the morning feeding. In the course of the study, the parameters of ruminal fermentation in experimental animals and the microorganisms of the rumen and the large intestine were studied. At the same time, it was found that the inclusion of the Farmatan TM feed additive (40 g per day) and pine tree energy supplement (150 g per day) in the diet of cows at the beginning of lactation contributed to the strengthening of enzymatic processes in the rumen, which was expressed in an increase in the formation of volatile fatty acids by 7.6 and 20.3%, an increase in the proportion of propionic acid and a slight decrease in the proportion of acetic and butyric acids. When using feed additives (Farmatan TM and pine tree energy supplement), a decrease in the content of Clostridium in the rumen of cows was noted by 26.3 and 30.3% in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, respectively, compared with the control group. In cows of the experimental groups, a decrease in the content of molds and yeast-like fungi in the rumen was also noted. The results obtained allow recommending the studied additives (Farmatan TM and pine tree energy supplement) to enhance enzymatic processes in the rumen.
本试验旨在评价饲粮添加物对泌乳奶牛瘤胃消化和肠道微生物病的影响。该研究在生产条件下对三组新出生的黑白小母牛(每组10头)进行。奶牛平均活重500±20 kg。对照组饲喂多年生牧草、玉米青贮、豆科牧草、精料、糖蜜等基础饲粮。试验组奶牛在基础饲粮(BD)的基础上，分别饲喂40 g. head-1 / d(试验1组)和150 g. head-1 / d(试验2组)的法玛坦TM(由单宁、丁香和肉桂精油、乙酸钠和有机锌均衡组合而成)补品。补品与精料混合，在晨饲中饲喂1次。在研究过程中，对实验动物瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃和大肠微生物进行了研究。同时,发现Farmatan TM的夹杂物饲料添加剂(每天40克)和松树能源补充(每天150克)的饮食牛初哺乳导致瘤胃酶过程的加强,这是表达的挥发性脂肪酸的形成增加了7.6和20.3%,丙酸的比例的增加和醋酸的比例略有下降,奶油的酸。在添加饲料添加剂(法玛坦TM和松树能量补充剂)的情况下，1、2试验组奶牛瘤胃中梭状芽孢杆菌含量分别较对照组降低26.3%和30.3%。在试验组奶牛中，瘤胃中霉菌和酵母样真菌含量也有所下降。所得结果可推荐所研究的添加剂(法玛坦TM和松树能量补充剂)来促进瘤胃酶促过程。
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Supplements Farmatan TM and Pine Tree Energy on the Regulation of Ruminal Digestion and Microbiocenosis of Lactating Black and White Cows","authors":"V. Zaitsev, N. Bogolyubova, Lilia M. Zaitseva, Irina S. Emelyanova, V. P. Korotkiy, V. A. Ryzhov","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplements on ruminal digestion and intestinal microbiocenosis of lactating cows. The study was carried out under production conditions on three groups of new black-and-white heifers (10 heads each). Mean live weight of cows was 500±20 kg. The cows of the control group received a basic diet, which included haylage of perennial grasses, corn silage, legume hay, concentrate feed, and molasses. Cows of the experimental groups, in addition to the basal diet (BD), received the Farmatan TM supplement (consists of a balanced combination of tannins, essential oils of clove and cinnamon, sodium acetate, and organic zinc) at a dose of 40 g. head-1 per day (experimental group 1) and a pine tree energy supplement at a dose of 150 g. head-1 per day (experimental group 2). The supplement was mixed with concentrate feed and given once in the morning feeding. In the course of the study, the parameters of ruminal fermentation in experimental animals and the microorganisms of the rumen and the large intestine were studied. At the same time, it was found that the inclusion of the Farmatan TM feed additive (40 g per day) and pine tree energy supplement (150 g per day) in the diet of cows at the beginning of lactation contributed to the strengthening of enzymatic processes in the rumen, which was expressed in an increase in the formation of volatile fatty acids by 7.6 and 20.3%, an increase in the proportion of propionic acid and a slight decrease in the proportion of acetic and butyric acids. When using feed additives (Farmatan TM and pine tree energy supplement), a decrease in the content of Clostridium in the rumen of cows was noted by 26.3 and 30.3% in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, respectively, compared with the control group. In cows of the experimental groups, a decrease in the content of molds and yeast-like fungi in the rumen was also noted. The results obtained allow recommending the studied additives (Farmatan TM and pine tree energy supplement) to enhance enzymatic processes in the rumen.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72862420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-03DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.06
A. Al-Seraih, W. A. Swadi, M. Al-hejjaj, Fatima H. Al-Laibai, A. Ghadban
Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules generated by a variety of microorganisms with different biological functions. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were screened for their emulsification properties. However, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain LBpWAM was molecularly identified using 16S rRNA, and its ability to produce surface-active peptides was investigated. The biosurfactant derived from L. plantarum LBp_WAM was shown to have the potential to reduce water surface tension from 72 mN.m-1 to 32 mN/m within a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 2.4 mg.ml-1. The emulsification index (E24) values were evaluated for sunflower oil (60 ± 3.0%), glycerol (53.9 ± 0.11 %), olive oil (49.0 ± 2.0 %), mineral oil (50.7 ± 0.60 %), hexane (36.03±0.05 %), and kerosene (31 ±0.05 %). The biosurfactant was purified using gel filtration chromatography (GFC), and the molecular weight was determined using the SDS-PAGE method, indicating an approximate molecular weight of 19 kDa. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to determine the molecular structure of the obtained molecule, which was found to be composed of protein, lipid, and polysaccharides. The biosurfactant's antibacterial activity was also examined, as it showed inhibitory effects against different species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
{"title":"Isolation and Partial Characterization of Glycolipopeptide Biosurfactant Derived from A Novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lbp_WAM","authors":"A. Al-Seraih, W. A. Swadi, M. Al-hejjaj, Fatima H. Al-Laibai, A. Ghadban","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules generated by a variety of microorganisms with different biological functions. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were screened for their emulsification properties. However, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain LBpWAM was molecularly identified using 16S rRNA, and its ability to produce surface-active peptides was investigated. The biosurfactant derived from L. plantarum LBp_WAM was shown to have the potential to reduce water surface tension from 72 mN.m-1 to 32 mN/m within a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 2.4 mg.ml-1. The emulsification index (E24) values were evaluated for sunflower oil (60 ± 3.0%), glycerol (53.9 ± 0.11 %), olive oil (49.0 ± 2.0 %), mineral oil (50.7 ± 0.60 %), hexane (36.03±0.05 %), and kerosene (31 ±0.05 %). The biosurfactant was purified using gel filtration chromatography (GFC), and the molecular weight was determined using the SDS-PAGE method, indicating an approximate molecular weight of 19 kDa. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to determine the molecular structure of the obtained molecule, which was found to be composed of protein, lipid, and polysaccharides. The biosurfactant's antibacterial activity was also examined, as it showed inhibitory effects against different species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79936995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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