Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62295
Md Asraqur Rahman Raihan, M. Sajedeen, M. Hussain, Tahsina Ahmed
Background: Major goal of orthodontic treatment is long term stability of the corrected teeth after orthodontic treatment. After orthodontic treatment there is always chance of relapse. To prevent relapse several appliances are available as a retention device such as bonded fixed retainers, vacuum formed retainers, removable Hawley retainer, Begg’s retainer. Now a days vacuum formed retainer has become more acceptable due to low cost, esthetic and easy fabrication. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical success of bonded retainers with vacuumformed retainers, as far as keeping up the consequences of orthodontic treatment in the lower arch as long as a year after debond. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial (RCT) carried out at the department of Orthodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. In the study a total of 40 subjects who had fulfilled the selection criteria were randomly allocated to one of two groups, receiving either a vacuum-formed retainer or a bonded retainer for the mandibular arch. Qualification criteria was patients approaching debond after treatment with preadjusted edgewise fixed orthodontic appliance whose pretreatment records and study models were accessible to confirm pretreatment labial segment crowding or spacing and who had clinically acceptable alignment after treatment. The principle purpose was to research the clinical adequacy of the 2 kinds of retainers regarding changes in incisor irregularity at one year of preservation of treatment outcome. The following measurements were documented at each time point (6 and 12 months) with a digital caliper: Little’s irregularity index, intercanine width, intermolar width, arch length, extraction space opening. Result: The two groups were very much coordinated as for age, sex, clinical qualities, and treatment plans. Four patients did not attend in the follow up period and the study finished up in 36 patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for changes in Little’s irregularity index and arch length. Vacuum-formed retainer group showed greater changes than the bonded retainer group (P value 0.035 and 0.022). There were also no statistically significant changes at any time for intercanine width and intermolar width. Conclusion: Some relapse is likely after fixed orthodontic treatment regardless of retainer choice, and this is negligible in many patients after debond. Bonded retainers have a superior capacity to hold the mandibular incisor arrangement after orthodontic treatment than vacuum-formed retainers. Trial registration: not done. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48: 105-111
{"title":"Comparison of Efficiency of Bonded retainers and Vacuum formed retainers- A Randomized Clinical trial","authors":"Md Asraqur Rahman Raihan, M. Sajedeen, M. Hussain, Tahsina Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Major goal of orthodontic treatment is long term stability of the corrected teeth after orthodontic treatment. After orthodontic treatment there is always chance of relapse. To prevent relapse several appliances are available as a retention device such as bonded fixed retainers, vacuum formed retainers, removable Hawley retainer, Begg’s retainer. Now a days vacuum formed retainer has become more acceptable due to low cost, esthetic and easy fabrication.\u0000Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical success of bonded retainers with vacuumformed retainers, as far as keeping up the consequences of orthodontic treatment in the lower arch as long as a year after debond.\u0000Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial (RCT) carried out at the department of Orthodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. In the study a total of 40 subjects who had fulfilled the selection criteria were randomly allocated to one of two groups, receiving either a vacuum-formed retainer or a bonded retainer for the mandibular arch. Qualification criteria was patients approaching debond after treatment with preadjusted edgewise fixed orthodontic appliance whose pretreatment records and study models were accessible to confirm pretreatment labial segment crowding or spacing and who had clinically acceptable alignment after treatment. The principle purpose was to research the clinical adequacy of the 2 kinds of retainers regarding changes in incisor irregularity at one year of preservation of treatment outcome. The following measurements were documented at each time point (6 and 12 months) with a digital caliper: Little’s irregularity index, intercanine width, intermolar width, arch length, extraction space opening.\u0000Result: The two groups were very much coordinated as for age, sex, clinical qualities, and treatment plans. Four patients did not attend in the follow up period and the study finished up in 36 patients. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for changes in Little’s irregularity index and arch length. Vacuum-formed retainer group showed greater changes than the bonded retainer group (P value 0.035 and 0.022). There were also no statistically significant changes at any time for intercanine width and intermolar width.\u0000Conclusion: Some relapse is likely after fixed orthodontic treatment regardless of retainer choice, and this is negligible in many patients after debond. Bonded retainers have a superior capacity to hold the mandibular incisor arrangement after orthodontic treatment than vacuum-formed retainers. Trial registration: not done.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48: 105-111","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41309506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62294
M. Jobayer, Md. Saidul Alam, R. Rana, Mustanshirah Lubna, Md Arifur Rahman, K. N. Choudhury
Background: Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are the leading causes of early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially in developing world. Recently more emphasis is given on the role of echocardiography for diagnosis of these diseases. Objective: Recent and reliable data and studies on RF and RHD are very limited in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study was done to diagnose rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among clinically suspected patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2021 in National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease, Dhaka. A total of 250 patients irrespective of age and sex with complaints of joint pain and clinically suspected of RF and RHD were enrolled. Laboratory investigations including CBC with ESR, ASO titer, CRP, ECG and echocardiography were done. Results: Among the suspected patients, acute rheumatic fever without carditis was diagnosed in 10 (4%) patients and 15 (6%) had rheumatic heart disease with recurrent RF and carditis. Rheumatic fever with carditis were diagnosed in 63 (25.2%) patients; among whom 19 (7.6%) had clinical carditis and 44 (17.6%) were diagnosed as subclinical carditis. Acute rheumatic fever was diagnosed only within 5-20 years of age patient and 60% patients of RHD were found in 21-30 age groups. About half (49.20%) of the patients of rheumatic fever with carditis were between 11 to 15 years of age. Several abnormalities of heart valves were detected by Echocardiography; 78.2% of the patients of RF and RHD had mitral regurgitation and all the mitral stenosis cases were detected in patients with RHD. Combination of mitral regurgitation with aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation with mitral stenosis was also present. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that RF and RHD are not negligible in our country. Though the result does not indicate the prevalence or incidence; however, it highlights the need of systematic large-scale study with inclusion of echocardiography to find the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48: 83-89
背景：风湿热（RF）和风湿性心脏病（RHD）是早期心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的主要原因，尤其是在发展中国家。近年来，超声心动图在诊断这些疾病中的作用越来越受到重视。目的：在孟加拉国，关于RF和RHD的最新可靠数据和研究非常有限。因此，本研究旨在诊断临床疑似患者中的风湿热和风湿性心脏病。方法：这项横断面研究于2021年2月至6月在达卡国家风湿热和心脏病控制中心进行。共有250名患者，不分年龄和性别，主诉关节疼痛，临床上怀疑RF和RHD。实验室检查包括CBC、ESR、ASO滴度、CRP、ECG和超声心动图。结果：在疑似患者中，10名（4%）患者被诊断为急性风湿热而无心肌炎，15名（6%）患者患有风湿性心脏病并复发RF和心肌炎。63例（25.2%）患者被诊断为风湿热伴心肌炎；其中19例（7.6%）为临床性心肌炎，44例（17.6%）为亚临床性心肌炎。急性风湿热仅在患者5-20岁内被诊断出，60%的RHD患者在21-30岁年龄组中被发现。大约一半（49.20%）的风湿热伴心肌炎患者年龄在11至15岁之间。超声心动图检测到心脏瓣膜的几种异常；78.2%的RF和RHD患者有二尖瓣反流，所有二尖瓣狭窄病例均在RHD患者中发现。二尖瓣反流合并主动脉瓣反流和二尖瓣反流伴二尖瓣狭窄也存在。结论：研究结果表明，RF和RHD在我国是不可忽视的。尽管结果没有表明患病率或发病率；然而，它强调了纳入超声心动图的系统大规模研究的必要性，以发现孟加拉国风湿热和风湿性心脏病的患病率。Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022；48:83-89
{"title":"Rheumatic fever and Rheumatic heart disease among clinically suspected patients with joint pain in a specialized hospital","authors":"M. Jobayer, Md. Saidul Alam, R. Rana, Mustanshirah Lubna, Md Arifur Rahman, K. N. Choudhury","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are the leading causes of early cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially in developing world. Recently more emphasis is given on the role of echocardiography for diagnosis of these diseases.\u0000Objective: Recent and reliable data and studies on RF and RHD are very limited in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study was done to diagnose rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among clinically suspected patients.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2021 in National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease, Dhaka. A total of 250 patients irrespective of age and sex with complaints of joint pain and clinically suspected of RF and RHD were enrolled. Laboratory investigations including CBC with ESR, ASO titer, CRP, ECG and echocardiography were done.\u0000Results: Among the suspected patients, acute rheumatic fever without carditis was diagnosed in 10 (4%) patients and 15 (6%) had rheumatic heart disease with recurrent RF and carditis. Rheumatic fever with carditis were diagnosed in 63 (25.2%) patients; among whom 19 (7.6%) had clinical carditis and 44 (17.6%) were diagnosed as subclinical carditis. Acute rheumatic fever was diagnosed only within 5-20 years of age patient and 60% patients of RHD were found in 21-30 age groups. About half (49.20%) of the patients of rheumatic fever with carditis were between 11 to 15 years of age. Several abnormalities of heart valves were detected by Echocardiography; 78.2% of the patients of RF and RHD had mitral regurgitation and all the mitral stenosis cases were detected in patients with RHD. Combination of mitral regurgitation with aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation with mitral stenosis was also present.\u0000Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that RF and RHD are not negligible in our country. Though the result does not indicate the prevalence or incidence; however, it highlights the need of systematic large-scale study with inclusion of echocardiography to find the prevalence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Bangladesh.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48: 83-89","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41999803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62298
Md Abdul Matin Sarker, A. Chowdhury
Background: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) is very popular in folk remedy because the plant has high medicinal value and majority parts of the plant such as leaf, fruit and flower are used to treat fever, mumps, pimple, inflammation, rheumatism, itches, boils, bilious colic, stomach ache, aphthous ulcer, cough, cold, syphilis, hypertension, diabetes etc. However, so far no scientific work has been performed which may support its use in pain. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate possible analgesic actions of methanol extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) leaf, bark and fruits in animal models to support its traditional use for first time. Methods: The crude methanolic extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) leaf, bark and fruits were investigated for the evaluation of analgesic potential in mice. Analgesic activity was assessed by using acetic acid induced writhing method, formaldehyde induced paw licking method and tail immersion method. Results: Methanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) of leaf demonstrated maximum analgesic effect in tail immersion suggesting it to be a centrally acting analgesic. On the other hand leaf extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) reduced acetic acid induced pain significantly (p<0.05) and bark extract (500 mg/kg) also reduced acetic acid induced pain significantly (p<0.05) but the effect is less than standard Diclofenac (100 mg/kg, 61.29% inhibition) (p<0.001). In the formalin induced paw licking time test, methanolic leaf extracts reduced nociception induced by formalin injection in both phases significantly (p<0.05-0.001) among which at higher dose (500 mg/kg) was most effective in later phase (41.81% inhibition) (p<0.001).The results demonstrate the analgesic properties of extracts. Conclusion: The study indicates that methanolic extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi has significant analgesic action which support the traditional use of this plant. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48: 120-126
{"title":"Analgesic effect of methanolic extracts of leaf, bark and fruit of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn","authors":"Md Abdul Matin Sarker, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v48i2.62298","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) is very popular in folk remedy because the plant has high medicinal value and majority parts of the plant such as leaf, fruit and flower are used to treat fever, mumps, pimple, inflammation, rheumatism, itches, boils, bilious colic, stomach ache, aphthous ulcer, cough, cold, syphilis, hypertension, diabetes etc. However, so far no scientific work has been performed which may support its use in pain.\u0000Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate possible analgesic actions of methanol extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) leaf, bark and fruits in animal models to support its traditional use for first time.\u0000Methods: The crude methanolic extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) leaf, bark and fruits were investigated for the evaluation of analgesic potential in mice. Analgesic activity was assessed by using acetic acid induced writhing method, formaldehyde induced paw licking method and tail immersion method.\u0000Results: Methanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) of leaf demonstrated maximum analgesic effect in tail immersion suggesting it to be a centrally acting analgesic. On the other hand leaf extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) reduced acetic acid induced pain significantly (p<0.05) and bark extract (500 mg/kg) also reduced acetic acid induced pain significantly (p<0.05) but the effect is less than standard Diclofenac (100 mg/kg, 61.29% inhibition) (p<0.001). In the formalin induced paw licking time test, methanolic leaf extracts reduced nociception induced by formalin injection in both phases significantly (p<0.05-0.001) among which at higher dose (500 mg/kg) was most effective in later phase (41.81% inhibition) (p<0.001).The results demonstrate the analgesic properties of extracts.\u0000Conclusion: The study indicates that methanolic extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi has significant analgesic action which support the traditional use of this plant.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48: 120-126","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46956700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62798
M. Chowdhury, M. Jobayer, Asif Rashed, M. Begam, S. Shamsuzzaman
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are significant health concern for mortality and morbidity in many developing countries. Proper identification of causative pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility testing is needed to select appropriate antibiotic therapy for management of the patient suffering from RTI. The study was aimed to determine the spectrum of bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infections with their antibiogram in Dhaka Medical College hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This observational study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 in DMCH. Respiratory tract specimens (sputum, tracheal aspirate and throat swab) sent to the Microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity test were included in this study. Data regarding information of the patients, isolated organisms and sensitivity reports were collected from the records of the Microbiology laboratory. Results: Out of 580 processed specimens, 64.66% yielded significant growth of organisms of which 88.80% were gram negative and 11.20% were gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas spp was the most commonly (31.47%) isolated organism followed by Klebsiella spp (23.47%), Escherichia coli (15.20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.53%). Gram negative bacteria were mostly resistant to amoxicillin followed by fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins whereas colistin, carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactum were the most sensitive antibiotics against them. Among gram negative bacteria, 31.23% were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms and Klebsiella spp were the most commonly isolated ESBL producers. Majority of gram positive bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole but all Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid followed by teicoplanin (84%) and 37.5% of them were Methicillin resistant (MRSA). Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were predominant where Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp were most commonly isolated organisms. Most of the bacteria showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics and this antimicrobial resistance is a matter of concern for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 15-21
{"title":"Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Chowdhury, M. Jobayer, Asif Rashed, M. Begam, S. Shamsuzzaman","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62798","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are significant health concern for mortality and morbidity in many developing countries. Proper identification of causative pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility testing is needed to select appropriate antibiotic therapy for management of the patient suffering from RTI. The study was aimed to determine the spectrum of bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infections with their antibiogram in Dhaka Medical College hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh.\u0000Methods: This observational study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 in DMCH. Respiratory tract specimens (sputum, tracheal aspirate and throat swab) sent to the Microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity test were included in this study. Data regarding information of the patients, isolated organisms and sensitivity reports were collected from the records of the Microbiology laboratory.\u0000Results: Out of 580 processed specimens, 64.66% yielded significant growth of organisms of which 88.80% were gram negative and 11.20% were gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas spp was the most commonly (31.47%) isolated organism followed by Klebsiella spp (23.47%), Escherichia coli (15.20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.53%). Gram negative bacteria were mostly resistant to amoxicillin followed by fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins whereas colistin, carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactum were the most sensitive antibiotics against them. Among gram negative bacteria, 31.23% were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms and Klebsiella spp were the most commonly isolated ESBL producers. Majority of gram positive bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole but all Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid followed by teicoplanin (84%) and 37.5% of them were Methicillin resistant (MRSA).\u0000Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were predominant where Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp were most commonly isolated organisms. Most of the bacteria showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics and this antimicrobial resistance is a matter of concern for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 15-21","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69483004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.65236
N. Musabbir, Fahmida Begum, M. Mazumder, M. Rukunuzzaman
Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign chronic disorder rarely found in children commonly presents with rectal bleeding, mucorrhea, straining during defecation, tenesmus, feeling of incomplete defecation, rectal prolapse and constipation. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood but several factors such as trauma, rectal prolapse, ischemia, behavioral disorders such as excessive straining during defecation and rectal manipulation, sexual abuse and disharmony of the pelvic floor muscles during defection may be involved. SRUS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and endoscopic and histological findings. Various treatment protocol for SRUS have been described such as conservative management such as family reassurance, regulation of toilet habits, avoidance of straining, encouragement of a high-fiber diet, topical treatments with salicylate, sulfasalazine, steroids and sucralfate, and surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search is done using PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and MEDLINE. Results: The result of this review will be published in a journal. Conclusion: This study discusses about the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and various treatment strategy of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 70-74
{"title":"Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome – An uncommon cause of rectal bleeding in children","authors":"N. Musabbir, Fahmida Begum, M. Mazumder, M. Rukunuzzaman","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.65236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.65236","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a benign chronic disorder rarely found in children commonly presents with rectal bleeding, mucorrhea, straining during defecation, tenesmus, feeling of incomplete defecation, rectal prolapse and constipation. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood but several factors such as trauma, rectal prolapse, ischemia, behavioral disorders such as excessive straining during defecation and rectal manipulation, sexual abuse and disharmony of the pelvic floor muscles during defection may be involved. SRUS is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and endoscopic and histological findings. Various treatment protocol for SRUS have been described such as conservative management such as family reassurance, regulation of toilet habits, avoidance of straining, encouragement of a high-fiber diet, topical treatments with salicylate, sulfasalazine, steroids and sucralfate, and surgery.\u0000Methods: A comprehensive search is done using PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar and MEDLINE.\u0000Results: The result of this review will be published in a journal.\u0000Conclusion: This study discusses about the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and various treatment strategy of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 70-74","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62418
Farzana Khan Shoma, Z. Chowdhury, Md. Moniruzzaman Khan, Mohammad Kamruzzaman Bhuiyan, Md. Nuruzzaman Khandaker, Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Background: De Querveins’ tenosynovitis affects the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. Corticosteroid injection is the mainstay of treatment for those patients who do not respond to conservative management. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a currently used strategy in the clinical practice to provide a regenerative stimulus for tendon healing. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of DQVD in comparison with corticosteroid (CS) injection. Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial had been conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. A total of 100 patients with pain and swelling over the radial aspect of the wrist with positive Finkelstein test were randomly allocated into three groups: group A (received platelet-rich plasma injection), group B (received corticosteroid injection) and group C (received conservative management). The severity of pain and functional status of the wrist joint were recorded according to VAS and Mayo’s wrist score both pre-procedurally on day 0 and post-procedurally at the end of 1st, 3rd and 6th month. Results: The mean age of the participants in group A, B and C were 45.6 (±10.4), 46.9 (±11.3) and 42.4 (±6.3) years respectively. In all groups, majority of the study participants were female and housewives. No significant statistical difference was observed among the groups regarding VAS scores and Mayo’s Wrist Scores at baseline. At the end of 6 months, the reduction of pain in group A was significantly lower than group B (p<0.001). Again, at the end of 6 months, the improvement of Mayo’s Wrist Scores in group A group was significantly higher than group B (p<0.001). In group A, 77.8% reduction of pain score was achieved while in group B, 68.4%reduction of pain score was achieved after 6 month of treatment (p<0.001). Conclusions: Platelet-rich plasma provides better functional outcome than corticosteroid in the treatment of de Quervain tenosynovitis. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 32-38
{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Intralesional Injection of Corticosteroid and Platelet-rich Plasma in Patients with de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis","authors":"Farzana Khan Shoma, Z. Chowdhury, Md. Moniruzzaman Khan, Mohammad Kamruzzaman Bhuiyan, Md. Nuruzzaman Khandaker, Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62418","url":null,"abstract":"Background: De Querveins’ tenosynovitis affects the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. Corticosteroid injection is the mainstay of treatment for those patients who do not respond to conservative management. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a currently used strategy in the clinical practice to provide a regenerative stimulus for tendon healing.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the effects of Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of DQVD in comparison with corticosteroid (CS) injection.\u0000Materials and Methods: The present randomized clinical trial had been conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. A total of 100 patients with pain and swelling over the radial aspect of the wrist with positive Finkelstein test were randomly allocated into three groups: group A (received platelet-rich plasma injection), group B (received corticosteroid injection) and group C (received conservative management). The severity of pain and functional status of the wrist joint were recorded according to VAS and Mayo’s wrist score both pre-procedurally on day 0 and post-procedurally at the end of 1st, 3rd and 6th month.\u0000Results: The mean age of the participants in group A, B and C were 45.6 (±10.4), 46.9 (±11.3) and 42.4 (±6.3) years respectively. In all groups, majority of the study participants were female and housewives. No significant statistical difference was observed among the groups regarding VAS scores and Mayo’s Wrist Scores at baseline. At the end of 6 months, the reduction of pain in group A was significantly lower than group B (p<0.001). Again, at the end of 6 months, the improvement of Mayo’s Wrist Scores in group A group was significantly higher than group B (p<0.001). In group A, 77.8% reduction of pain score was achieved while in group B, 68.4%reduction of pain score was achieved after 6 month of treatment (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusions: Platelet-rich plasma provides better functional outcome than corticosteroid in the treatment of de Quervain tenosynovitis.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 32-38","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62417
S. Rahman, K. Laila, M. Haque, Mohammed Mahbubul Islam, M. K. Talukder, M. I. Islam
Background: An association of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with SARS-CoV-2 infection is now a well-established serious phenomenon and been increasingly reported from different countries. Objectives: The present study documents the presentation, management and immediate outcome of MIS-C patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh. Study design: This was a retrospective study. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It included all the eligible MIS-C patients diagnosed during the study period (August 2020 to February 2022). Sixty cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria and they had been included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned and pre-tested questionnare from hospital records and also by interviewing the patients/parents over telephone when required. Results: Mean age of the children was 6.8year with F: M ratio of 1.2:1. All the sixty cases presented with fever associated with gastro-intestinal complications in 68% followed by other symptoms. Fifty two cases (87%) had known contacts. Laboratory evidence ofSARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 55% cases having positive serology or RT-PCR. Twelve patients (20%) had pre-existing co- morbidities. Majority of patients (48%) presented with Kawasaki Disease (KD) like illness. Mean neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, ferritin, LDH and D-dimer were higher and mean platelet and lymphocyte count were lower in this series. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was raised in all theseventeen (28%) patients, who were tested. Sixteen patients (27%) had chest X-ray abnormalities and ten of them had HRCT involvement. Fifteen (25%) patients had abnormalities in abdominal ultrasonogram. Coronary artery dilatation and ventricular dysfunction was present in seventeen (28%) and thirteen (22%) of MIS-C cases. IVIG and intravenous steroid was used in forty one (68%) and thirty nine (65%) children. Aspirin was given to twenty eight (47%) cases. Inotropic support was needed in 17% cases. Antibiotics were prescribed to all the patients. Fifty seven percent and 37% children were discharged without and with complications respectively. Mechanical ventilation was required in 6.6 % children who had pre-existing co-morbidities and all of them expired. Conclusion: Forty eight percent of MIS-C cases presented with KD like illness. Mortality was 6.6% and all the cases had preexisting comorbidities. MIS-C is a pediatric emergency and is of a great concern especially in children with pre-existing co-morbidities. Early diagnosis and referral to tertiary center for optimum management is essential. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 22-31
{"title":"COVID-19 Related Multi System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Scenario from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Rahman, K. Laila, M. Haque, Mohammed Mahbubul Islam, M. K. Talukder, M. I. Islam","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62417","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An association of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with SARS-CoV-2 infection is now a well-established serious phenomenon and been increasingly reported from different countries.\u0000Objectives: The present study documents the presentation, management and immediate outcome of MIS-C patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh.\u0000Study design: This was a retrospective study.\u0000Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It included all the eligible MIS-C patients diagnosed during the study period (August 2020 to February 2022). Sixty cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria and they had been included in the study. Data were collected using a predesigned and pre-tested questionnare from hospital records and also by interviewing the patients/parents over telephone when required.\u0000Results: Mean age of the children was 6.8year with F: M ratio of 1.2:1. All the sixty cases presented with fever associated with gastro-intestinal complications in 68% followed by other symptoms. Fifty two cases (87%) had known contacts. Laboratory evidence ofSARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 55% cases having positive serology or RT-PCR. Twelve patients (20%) had pre-existing co- morbidities. Majority of patients (48%) presented with Kawasaki Disease (KD) like illness. Mean neutrophil count, ESR, CRP, ferritin, LDH and D-dimer were higher and mean platelet and lymphocyte count were lower in this series. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was raised in all theseventeen (28%) patients, who were tested. Sixteen patients (27%) had chest X-ray abnormalities and ten of them had HRCT involvement. Fifteen (25%) patients had abnormalities in abdominal ultrasonogram. Coronary artery dilatation and ventricular dysfunction was present in seventeen (28%) and thirteen (22%) of MIS-C cases.\u0000IVIG and intravenous steroid was used in forty one (68%) and thirty nine (65%) children. Aspirin was given to twenty eight (47%) cases. Inotropic support was needed in 17% cases. Antibiotics were prescribed to all the patients. Fifty seven percent and 37% children were discharged without and with complications respectively. Mechanical ventilation was required in 6.6 % children who had pre-existing co-morbidities and all of them expired.\u0000Conclusion: Forty eight percent of MIS-C cases presented with KD like illness. Mortality was 6.6% and all the cases had preexisting comorbidities. MIS-C is a pediatric emergency and is of a great concern especially in children with pre-existing co-morbidities. Early diagnosis and referral to tertiary center for optimum management is essential.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 22-31","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62699
B. Banu, U. Ara, N. Akter, S. Chowdhury, K. Islam, Md Tanzeerul Islam, S. Hossain, Md Ruhul Amin, S. Hossain
Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is paramount to protect the sanitation and waste workers of Bangladesh during this pandemic as they work in a variety of hazardous conditions. To avail the successful coverage it is also essential to identify the factors regarding facilitating the process including their willingness for COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: This study was aimed to explore the factors related to willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among this worker group. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a mixed-method approach was conducted among 800 sanitation and waste workers and 20 administrative authorities from the sanitation and waste management department of Dhaka city. Quantitative data was collected from the sanitation and waste workers of both North and South City Corporations of Dhaka and qualitative information was gathered from the respective administrative authorities. Logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test were used for the quantitative analysis, while the thematic analysis was used to extract results from qualitative data. Results: Although, most authorities were found to be knowledgeable, while workers had poor knowledge and misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccination. Majority workers (94.6%) had willingness to be vaccinated, owing to the effective implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine policy of Bangladesh government such as various motivational programs, assistance in vaccine registration process, establishment of special vaccine administration etc. Willingness towards vaccination found significant among the workers who were married (AOR=2.93), had more than two children (AOR=2.97), had monthly family income more than 30,000/- BDT (AOR=4.94), consumed smokeless tobacco (AOR=2.77) and who got all the necessary personal protective equipment available in their job (AOR=2.60). Conclusion: This study reflected the incredible success in willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among sanitation workers of Bangladesh. It is important to develop and implement action plan at policy level to protect the vulnerable groups through various relevant programs that would ensure the full coverage of vaccination across the country. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 47-55
{"title":"Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 among Bangladeshi Sanitation and Waste Workers: Workplace Setting Approach to Maximize Vaccination Coverage","authors":"B. Banu, U. Ara, N. Akter, S. Chowdhury, K. Islam, Md Tanzeerul Islam, S. Hossain, Md Ruhul Amin, S. Hossain","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62699","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is paramount to protect the sanitation and waste workers of Bangladesh during this pandemic as they work in a variety of hazardous conditions. To avail the successful coverage it is also essential to identify the factors regarding facilitating the process including their willingness for COVID-19 vaccination.\u0000Objective: This study was aimed to explore the factors related to willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among this worker group.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study with a mixed-method approach was conducted among 800 sanitation and waste workers and 20 administrative authorities from the sanitation and waste management department of Dhaka city. Quantitative data was collected from the sanitation and waste workers of both North and South City Corporations of Dhaka and qualitative information was gathered from the respective administrative authorities. Logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test were used for the quantitative analysis, while the thematic analysis was used to extract results from qualitative data.\u0000Results: Although, most authorities were found to be knowledgeable, while workers had poor knowledge and misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccination. Majority workers (94.6%) had willingness to be vaccinated, owing to the effective implementation of the COVID-19 vaccine policy of Bangladesh government such as various motivational programs, assistance in vaccine registration process, establishment of special vaccine administration etc. Willingness towards vaccination found significant among the workers who were married (AOR=2.93), had more than two children (AOR=2.97), had monthly family income more than 30,000/- BDT (AOR=4.94), consumed smokeless tobacco (AOR=2.77) and who got all the necessary personal protective equipment available in their job (AOR=2.60).\u0000Conclusion: This study reflected the incredible success in willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 among sanitation workers of Bangladesh. It is important to develop and implement action plan at policy level to protect the vulnerable groups through various relevant programs that would ensure the full coverage of vaccination across the country.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 47-55","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48107215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62922
M. Shakoor, M. Moniruzzaman, M. Atiquzzaman, Md. Mahbubul Islam, Puza Das Dewan
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated it as a Public Health Emergency. It affects the respiratory system and may cause pneumonia. Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on patients with COVID-19. Methods: A total of 155 patients with COVID-19 were included and divided into two groups in this randomized clinical trial. The intervention group was treated with standard treatment along with PR and the control group was treated with standard treatment only. Evidence of improvement was assessed weekly for four weeks. The student’s ‘t’ test and Chi-square test were done to observe the level of significance as required. Results: There was an improvement of symptoms in both groups after treatment. But in comparison between groups, there was more improvement found in PR receiving group than the control group. Finally, O2 requirement was same in both groups. Peripheral oxygen saturation was increased in the PR group than the control group after treatment. More improvement of dyspnea was found after treatment in PR group. Significant improvement in breathing was found after treatment in PR receiving patients than in the control group. Conclusions: PR receiving patients showed more improvement in this study. So, PR may be advocated to improve the symptoms of COVID-19. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 56-62
{"title":"Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on the Patients with COVID-19 infection","authors":"M. Shakoor, M. Moniruzzaman, M. Atiquzzaman, Md. Mahbubul Islam, Puza Das Dewan","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62922","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated it as a Public Health Emergency. It affects the respiratory system and may cause pneumonia.\u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on patients with COVID-19.\u0000Methods: A total of 155 patients with COVID-19 were included and divided into two groups in this randomized clinical trial. The intervention group was treated with standard treatment along with PR and the control group was treated with standard treatment only. Evidence of improvement was assessed weekly for four weeks. The student’s ‘t’ test and Chi-square test were done to observe the level of significance as required.\u0000Results: There was an improvement of symptoms in both groups after treatment. But in comparison between groups, there was more improvement found in PR receiving group than the control group. Finally, O2 requirement was same in both groups. Peripheral oxygen saturation was increased in the PR group than the control group after treatment. More improvement of dyspnea was found after treatment in PR group. Significant improvement in breathing was found after treatment in PR receiving patients than in the control group.\u0000Conclusions: PR receiving patients showed more improvement in this study. So, PR may be advocated to improve the symptoms of COVID-19.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 56-62","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45396015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62698
Poly Rani Debnath, S. Billah, P. K. Karmakar, N. Sultana
Background: Breakfast is a commonly skipped meal especially for young adult during their university study period. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors related to skipping breakfast among medical students in this study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the 4th year medical students of Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, Barishal in January 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire recording the demography, breakfast consumption habits, and other factors like physical condition, appetite, sleep quality, social relation with others and learning. Results: A good proportion of the students (63.3%, 95% CI: 56.18-70.38%) skip breakfast. Waking up late (OR-11), sleeping late (OR-7), and staying in hostels (OR- 8) were the important factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with breakfast skipping. Conclusions: Breakfast skipping behavior is high among undergraduate medical students. The students should be encouraged to eat regular breakfast through health promotion campaigns. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 39-46
{"title":"Factors Associated with Breakfast Skipping among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Selected Medical College in Bangladesh","authors":"Poly Rani Debnath, S. Billah, P. K. Karmakar, N. Sultana","doi":"10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v49i1.62698","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breakfast is a commonly skipped meal especially for young adult during their university study period.\u0000Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors related to skipping breakfast among medical students in this study.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the 4th year medical students of Sher-e-Bangla Medical College, Barishal in January 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire recording the demography, breakfast consumption habits, and other factors like physical condition, appetite, sleep quality, social relation with others and learning.\u0000Results: A good proportion of the students (63.3%, 95% CI: 56.18-70.38%) skip breakfast. Waking up late (OR-11), sleeping late (OR-7), and staying in hostels (OR- 8) were the important factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with breakfast skipping.\u0000Conclusions: Breakfast skipping behavior is high among undergraduate medical students. The students should be encouraged to eat regular breakfast through health promotion campaigns.\u0000Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 39-46","PeriodicalId":8704,"journal":{"name":"Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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