Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48620
S. Gautam, A. Thapa, Rojin Joshi, Barsha Joshi
Although root canal treatment is carried out to eliminate the existing microorganism and create favorable environment for healing and prevent reinfection, the occurrence of post treatment disease poses a significant challenge in general population. Cross sectional studies from different countries shows that there is varying degree of prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies (PR) in root filled teeth. Since no such prevalence studies have been done in Nepal, we are unaware of the existing problem in our population. Thus, aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies and its association with the quality of root canal treatment and coronal restorations in an adult Nepali population. Among 350 patients, 40.8% (389) presented with PR. Significantly better outcome was seen in teeth with adequate qualities of root filled teeth and coronal restoration. The prevalence of PR in Nepali population was seen relatively high and the considerable efforts to improve the length control during the procedure followed by proper restoration, to lessen the development of PR cannot be over emphasized.
{"title":"Prevalence of Periradicular Radiolucencies and its Association with the Quality of Root Canal Treatment and Coronal Restorations in an Adult Nepali Population","authors":"S. Gautam, A. Thapa, Rojin Joshi, Barsha Joshi","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48620","url":null,"abstract":"Although root canal treatment is carried out to eliminate the existing microorganism and create favorable environment for healing and prevent reinfection, the occurrence of post treatment disease poses a significant challenge in general population. Cross sectional studies from different countries shows that there is varying degree of prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies (PR) in root filled teeth. Since no such prevalence studies have been done in Nepal, we are unaware of the existing problem in our population. Thus, aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies and its association with the quality of root canal treatment and coronal restorations in an adult Nepali population. Among 350 patients, 40.8% (389) presented with PR. Significantly better outcome was seen in teeth with adequate qualities of root filled teeth and coronal restoration. The prevalence of PR in Nepali population was seen relatively high and the considerable efforts to improve the length control during the procedure followed by proper restoration, to lessen the development of PR cannot be over emphasized.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43951440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48598
R. Batajoo, C. Yadav, Atul Kasaju, J. L. Baidya
In recent years, the use of retrograde intra renal surgery (RIRS) for the management of nephrolithiasis is on the rise worldwide. It is commonly considered a safe procedure with lesser complications. The current study aimed to study the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and urosepsis following retrograde intra renal surgery (RIRS). This is the retrospective observational study among 356 patients who underwent RIRS and 52 were readmitted as 36 developed SIRS and 16 developed urosepsis as a complication in last 5 years (July 1st 2016 –June 30th 2021) in department of Urology of B&B hospital, Kathmandu. It is found that only post-operative urine culture had significant association with SIRS with p- value (< 0.00). There was no normality in the data so Mann Whitney U test was applied to test the significant difference in the median values of some quantitative variables between the SIRS and No SIRS group. There was significant difference between the median values of stone volume and duration of fragmentation with p values 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. There was no variables that was found to be associated with urosepsis.
{"title":"The Incidence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Urosepsis following Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"R. Batajoo, C. Yadav, Atul Kasaju, J. L. Baidya","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48598","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the use of retrograde intra renal surgery (RIRS) for the management of nephrolithiasis is on the rise worldwide. It is commonly considered a safe procedure with lesser complications. The current study aimed to study the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and urosepsis following retrograde intra renal surgery (RIRS). This is the retrospective observational study among 356 patients who underwent RIRS and 52 were readmitted as 36 developed SIRS and 16 developed urosepsis as a complication in last 5 years (July 1st 2016 –June 30th 2021) in department of Urology of B&B hospital, Kathmandu. It is found that only post-operative urine culture had significant association with SIRS with p- value (< 0.00). There was no normality in the data so Mann Whitney U test was applied to test the significant difference in the median values of some quantitative variables between the SIRS and No SIRS group. There was significant difference between the median values of stone volume and duration of fragmentation with p values 0.001 and 0.002 respectively. There was no variables that was found to be associated with urosepsis.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44827060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48589
A. Giri, B. Vaidya, A. S. Tuladhar, Sama Shrestha, Manita Upreti
Maternal near miss (MNM) is defined as woman who nearly died from complication during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy but survives either due to care she receives or due to chance. Maternal near miss and maternal deaths share many characteristics and pathological processes and MNM being more frequent than death, review of MNM gives us an opportunity to assess the quality of obstetric care in the institutions and area of improvement. As maternal morbidity precedes maternal deaths, the study of near miss cases provides understanding of the determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality and help in reducing it. The aim of this study was to assess the MNM events in our institutions based on WHO organ dysfunction-based criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu over two years period from July 2020 to June 2022 after taking ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee. During the study period, there were 3493 live births, 40 maternal near miss cases and no maternal deaths. The MNM ratio was 11.45/1000 live births and the prevalence of MNM was 1.13%. Postpartum hemorrhage 11 (27.5%), early pregnancy complications 8 (20%) and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy 5 (12.5%) were the major contributor of MNM. Coagulation/ Hematological system dysfunction 22 (55%) was the most common organ involved in MNM. ICU admission and blood transfusion more than five units were the common intervention done. Effective use of critical care, evidence-based intervention and timely referral will help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Study of Maternal Near Miss Events at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital","authors":"A. Giri, B. Vaidya, A. S. Tuladhar, Sama Shrestha, Manita Upreti","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48589","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal near miss (MNM) is defined as woman who nearly died from complication during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy but survives either due to care she receives or due to chance. Maternal near miss and maternal deaths share many characteristics and pathological processes and MNM being more frequent than death, review of MNM gives us an opportunity to assess the quality of obstetric care in the institutions and area of improvement. As maternal morbidity precedes maternal deaths, the study of near miss cases provides understanding of the determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality and help in reducing it. The aim of this study was to assess the MNM events in our institutions based on WHO organ dysfunction-based criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu over two years period from July 2020 to June 2022 after taking ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee. During the study period, there were 3493 live births, 40 maternal near miss cases and no maternal deaths. The MNM ratio was 11.45/1000 live births and the prevalence of MNM was 1.13%. Postpartum hemorrhage 11 (27.5%), early pregnancy complications 8 (20%) and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy 5 (12.5%) were the major contributor of MNM. Coagulation/ Hematological system dysfunction 22 (55%) was the most common organ involved in MNM. ICU admission and blood transfusion more than five units were the common intervention done. Effective use of critical care, evidence-based intervention and timely referral will help to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48597
Pratikshya Ghimire, Sima Ghimire, Adarsha Khanal, A. Khapung
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine gender specific correlation between lip print, finger print and blood group among 120 adult clinical cases in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu. Lip prints were collected using lipstick and cellophane sheet. Thumb print was collected using commercially available ink pad and white paper and analyzed using hand held magnifying lens. Blood group was noted at the time of recording lip and thumb print. A statistically significant association of gender with fingerprint (p=<0.001) and lip print (p=0.001) was found. A strong co-existing relation have been found between gender and the loop fingerprint-lip print type I’- blood group O and arch fingerprint–lip print type I’– blood group ‘O’.
{"title":"Gender Specific Correlation between Lip Print, Fingerprint and Blood Groups among Adults aged 20-30 Years attending a Tertiary Health Care Centre","authors":"Pratikshya Ghimire, Sima Ghimire, Adarsha Khanal, A. Khapung","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48597","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine gender specific correlation between lip print, finger print and blood group among 120 adult clinical cases in a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu. Lip prints were collected using lipstick and cellophane sheet. Thumb print was collected using commercially available ink pad and white paper and analyzed using hand held magnifying lens. Blood group was noted at the time of recording lip and thumb print. A statistically significant association of gender with fingerprint (p=<0.001) and lip print (p=0.001) was found. A strong co-existing relation have been found between gender and the loop fingerprint-lip print type I’- blood group O and arch fingerprint–lip print type I’– blood group ‘O’.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43749780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48591
Leesha Shrestha Joshi, C. Shrestha, Bibhuti Thapa, Reeta Rajbhandari
Infectious keratitis is the major cause of vision threatening condition and the leading cause of corneal blindness in developing countries. Therapeutic keratoplasty is the procedure for terminating or improving an actively infectious corneal disease. This study was carried out to determine the outcome of therapeutic keratoplasty for infective keratitis at R.M. Kedia eye hospital. This was retrospective study where all cases that underwent TPK for active infective keratitis from May 2019 to April 2020 were included in the study. Data were collected about demographic parameters, indication for surgery, details of donor tissue in terms of donor size, graft size and endothelial density. The outcome of TPK was measured in terms of anatomic stability, eradication of disease, graft clarity and development of cataract and glaucoma. 30 eyes of 30 patients underwent TPK for infective keratitis. 73.3% were male. Average age of the patients was 42. In 60% of patients organisms were isolated as follows: 11 cases of fungus, 3 cases of bacteria and 4 cases of mixed bacteria and fungus. Two surgeries (6.6%) were combined with extracapsular cataract extraction without posterior chamber intraocular lens. The eradication of infection after primary TPK was 23 (76.8%). Twelve eyes (40%) had documentation of variable grades of cataract. One case had secondary glaucoma. Six cases (20%) had graft failure. Therapeutic keratoplasty is the procedure for terminating or improving an actively infectious corneal disease. It helps to save the eye and preserve vision in severe infective keratitis. There is a high incidence of postoperative glaucoma, cataract, and graft failure in such a surgery.
{"title":"Outcome of Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty in R.M. Kedia Eye hospital - A Retrospective Study","authors":"Leesha Shrestha Joshi, C. Shrestha, Bibhuti Thapa, Reeta Rajbhandari","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48591","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious keratitis is the major cause of vision threatening condition and the leading cause of corneal blindness in developing countries. Therapeutic keratoplasty is the procedure for terminating or improving an actively infectious corneal disease. This study was carried out to determine the outcome of therapeutic keratoplasty for infective keratitis at R.M. Kedia eye hospital. This was retrospective study where all cases that underwent TPK for active infective keratitis from May 2019 to April 2020 were included in the study. Data were collected about demographic parameters, indication for surgery, details of donor tissue in terms of donor size, graft size and endothelial density. The outcome of TPK was measured in terms of anatomic stability, eradication of disease, graft clarity and development of cataract and glaucoma. 30 eyes of 30 patients underwent TPK for infective keratitis. 73.3% were male. Average age of the patients was 42. In 60% of patients organisms were isolated as follows: 11 cases of fungus, 3 cases of bacteria and 4 cases of mixed bacteria and fungus. Two surgeries (6.6%) were combined with extracapsular cataract extraction without posterior chamber intraocular lens. The eradication of infection after primary TPK was 23 (76.8%). Twelve eyes (40%) had documentation of variable grades of cataract. One case had secondary glaucoma. Six cases (20%) had graft failure. Therapeutic keratoplasty is the procedure for terminating or improving an actively infectious corneal disease. It helps to save the eye and preserve vision in severe infective keratitis. There is a high incidence of postoperative glaucoma, cataract, and graft failure in such a surgery.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48596
A. Dawadi, M. Humagain, S. Lamichhane, S. Koju
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used for determining the height and width of alveolar bone surrounding the implant site which are important factors in implant planning. This study was done to evaluate and compare alveolar bone height and width in maxillary anterior teeth based on CBCT images from Nepalese population. This retrospective study included patients who had done CBCT scan between January 2019 to December 2020. Sagittal section views perpendicular to alveolar ridge were taken in the middle of maxillary left and right central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine regions and the linear measurements were done to measure alveolar height (between floor of nasal fossa and alveolar crest) and width (between buccal and palatal cortical plate). The result revealed no significant difference in alveolar height among maxillary anterior teeth. Mean alveolar width for maxillary right central incisor (11), lateral incisor (12), and canine (13) were 12.09 ± 2.36, 8.27 ± 1.37 and 9.99 ± 1.44 mm, respectively and for maxillary left central incisor (21), lateral incisor (22), and canine (23) were 9.51 ± 1.47, 8.27 ± 1.32 and 10.35 ± 1.85 mm, respectively. Lateral incisors have less width as compared to other maxillary anterior teeth. Pearson’s correlation analysis for correlating alveolar height with width showed p<0.05 among 13, 12, 21 and 22. There is weaker correlation between the mean of alveolar height and width. The alveolar height as well as width was greater in male than female in all the six anterior teeth except for the alveolar width in relation to 11.
{"title":"Assessment of Alveolar Bone Height and Width in Maxillary Anterior teeth - A Radiographic Study Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography","authors":"A. Dawadi, M. Humagain, S. Lamichhane, S. Koju","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48596","url":null,"abstract":"Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used for determining the height and width of alveolar bone surrounding the implant site which are important factors in implant planning. This study was done to evaluate and compare alveolar bone height and width in maxillary anterior teeth based on CBCT images from Nepalese population. This retrospective study included patients who had done CBCT scan between January 2019 to December 2020. Sagittal section views perpendicular to alveolar ridge were taken in the middle of maxillary left and right central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine regions and the linear measurements were done to measure alveolar height (between floor of nasal fossa and alveolar crest) and width (between buccal and palatal cortical plate). The result revealed no significant difference in alveolar height among maxillary anterior teeth. Mean alveolar width for maxillary right central incisor (11), lateral incisor (12), and canine (13) were 12.09 ± 2.36, 8.27 ± 1.37 and 9.99 ± 1.44 mm, respectively and for maxillary left central incisor (21), lateral incisor (22), and canine (23) were 9.51 ± 1.47, 8.27 ± 1.32 and 10.35 ± 1.85 mm, respectively. Lateral incisors have less width as compared to other maxillary anterior teeth. Pearson’s correlation analysis for correlating alveolar height with width showed p<0.05 among 13, 12, 21 and 22. There is weaker correlation between the mean of alveolar height and width. The alveolar height as well as width was greater in male than female in all the six anterior teeth except for the alveolar width in relation to 11.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45959070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48595
A. Rizyal, R. Shrestha, Anu Mishal, Jay Sundar Sunrait
The human eye is an important organ as it provides sight and proper coordination in various tasks. The function of the eye is mediated by the 2nd cranial nerve or the optic nerve. Damage to any part of the optic nerve usually results in poor vision, dyschromatopsia (colour blindness), diminished sensitivity to bright light, poor contrast sensitivity, defective afferent pupillary and visual field defects. The commonest ocular disorders are usually attributed to refractive errors such as: myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism. A healthy eye is necessary for a conducive learning and teaching environment in any academia. Eye screening to rule out any ocular disorder is of utmost importance, especially in medical education, because these students need to be detected early and treated on time to ensure their optimal academic work. Therefore, this study was attempted to determine the proportion of visual disorders among the first year health professional students at Nepal Medical College, and to identify factors associated with it. A total of 115 students were enrolled for this study, where males accounted for 51.3%, while females accounted for 48.7%, respectively. The minimum age was 18 years and maximum was 23 years, with a mean of 19.69 years, and a standard deviation of ±1.14. Almost eight out of ten students (78.3%) had some form of ocular disorders, with many of them having more than one disorder. Females outnumbered the males (51.1%; 48.9%) with respect to the occurrence of eye disorders. The commonest eye disorders were: refractive errors in 60 (52.7%) students, followed by dry eye disease in 23 (20.0%) students, cataract in 2 (1.7%) students, Duane’s retraction syndrome in 1, color vision defect in 1 student and 2 students had other manifestations. Based on ethnicity, slightly more than half of the participants were Khas-Aryans (60.0%), while Adibasi-Janjatis and Madhesis had similar participation of 20.9% and 19.1% respectively. More than three quarters of the participants were MBBS students (82.6.%), followed by BDS students (13.0%) and BSc Nursing students (4.4%). The association between ocular disorders and gender was not statistically significant(p value = 0.35). However, a statistically significant association was observed between gender and refractive errors (p value=0.002). There was no association observed between the status of students’ refractive error and parental status of refractive error (p value =0.099)
{"title":"Ocular disorders and associated factors among the first year health professional students at a medical college in Kathmandu","authors":"A. Rizyal, R. Shrestha, Anu Mishal, Jay Sundar Sunrait","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48595","url":null,"abstract":"The human eye is an important organ as it provides sight and proper coordination in various tasks. The function of the eye is mediated by the 2nd cranial nerve or the optic nerve. Damage to any part of the optic nerve usually results in poor vision, dyschromatopsia (colour blindness), diminished sensitivity to bright light, poor contrast sensitivity, defective afferent pupillary and visual field defects. The commonest ocular disorders are usually attributed to refractive errors such as: myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism. A healthy eye is necessary for a conducive learning and teaching environment in any academia. Eye screening to rule out any ocular disorder is of utmost importance, especially in medical education, because these students need to be detected early and treated on time to ensure their optimal academic work. Therefore, this study was attempted to determine the proportion of visual disorders among the first year health professional students at Nepal Medical College, and to identify factors associated with it. A total of 115 students were enrolled for this study, where males accounted for 51.3%, while females accounted for 48.7%, respectively. The minimum age was 18 years and maximum was 23 years, with a mean of 19.69 years, and a standard deviation of ±1.14. Almost eight out of ten students (78.3%) had some form of ocular disorders, with many of them having more than one disorder. Females outnumbered the males (51.1%; 48.9%) with respect to the occurrence of eye disorders. The commonest eye disorders were: refractive errors in 60 (52.7%) students, followed by dry eye disease in 23 (20.0%) students, cataract in 2 (1.7%) students, Duane’s retraction syndrome in 1, color vision defect in 1 student and 2 students had other manifestations. Based on ethnicity, slightly more than half of the participants were Khas-Aryans (60.0%), while Adibasi-Janjatis and Madhesis had similar participation of 20.9% and 19.1% respectively. More than three quarters of the participants were MBBS students (82.6.%), followed by BDS students (13.0%) and BSc Nursing students (4.4%). The association between ocular disorders and gender was not statistically significant(p value = 0.35). However, a statistically significant association was observed between gender and refractive errors (p value=0.002). There was no association observed between the status of students’ refractive error and parental status of refractive error (p value =0.099)","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41785331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48592
K. Pandey, A. Bhattarai, S. Pant, Rimmy Barakoti, Janaki Pandey, A. Subedee, Prabhat Adhikari, D. Aryal, P. Pokharel, G. Shrestha, K. Pandit, Narendra Timalsina, S. Thapa, Roshan Parajuli, P. Gyanwali
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden, often underestimated by case-based incidence reports, can be accurately estimated by measuring the population that has developed antibodies following an infection. Here, we report the prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies among health workers in Kathmandu, Nepal. This seroepidemiology of COVID-19 was a longitudinal survey of hospital-based health workers working in 20 hospitals in the Kathmandu Valley. A total of 800 participants were chosen in December 2020 by a two-stage cluster-stratified random sampling method and administered a questionnaire eliciting COVID-19 related history. A blood sample was also obtained from the participants and tested for COVID-19 IgG antibodies using a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). We then used a probabilistic multilevel regression model with post-stratification to correct for test accuracy, the effect of hospital-based clustering, and to ensure representativeness. The final analytic sample included 800 participants; 522 (65.2%) of them were female, 372 (46%) were between ages 18-29, 287 (36%) were nurses. Of the total 800, 321 (40.1%) individuals tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies. Adjusted for test accuracy and health-worker population, the seroprevalence was 38.2% (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 29.26%–47.82%). Posterior predictive hospital-wise seroprevalence ranged between 38.1% (95% CrI 30.7.0%–44.1%) and 40.5% (95% CrI 34.7%–47.0%). Our study suggested that about two in five health workers in the Kathmandu Valley were seropositive against SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020; a substantial proportion of them did not have a documented infection.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of COVID-19 among health workers in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a longitudinal cohort study","authors":"K. Pandey, A. Bhattarai, S. Pant, Rimmy Barakoti, Janaki Pandey, A. Subedee, Prabhat Adhikari, D. Aryal, P. Pokharel, G. Shrestha, K. Pandit, Narendra Timalsina, S. Thapa, Roshan Parajuli, P. Gyanwali","doi":"10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48592","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden, often underestimated by case-based incidence reports, can be accurately estimated by measuring the population that has developed antibodies following an infection. Here, we report the prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies among health workers in Kathmandu, Nepal. This seroepidemiology of COVID-19 was a longitudinal survey of hospital-based health workers working in 20 hospitals in the Kathmandu Valley. A total of 800 participants were chosen in December 2020 by a two-stage cluster-stratified random sampling method and administered a questionnaire eliciting COVID-19 related history. A blood sample was also obtained from the participants and tested for COVID-19 IgG antibodies using a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). We then used a probabilistic multilevel regression model with post-stratification to correct for test accuracy, the effect of hospital-based clustering, and to ensure representativeness. The final analytic sample included 800 participants; 522 (65.2%) of them were female, 372 (46%) were between ages 18-29, 287 (36%) were nurses. Of the total 800, 321 (40.1%) individuals tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies. Adjusted for test accuracy and health-worker population, the seroprevalence was 38.2% (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 29.26%–47.82%). Posterior predictive hospital-wise seroprevalence ranged between 38.1% (95% CrI 30.7.0%–44.1%) and 40.5% (95% CrI 34.7%–47.0%). Our study suggested that about two in five health workers in the Kathmandu Valley were seropositive against SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020; a substantial proportion of them did not have a documented infection.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48590
K. Shaha, P. Shah
COVID 19 and its impact on the heart is a must to understand the disease in order to diagnose and manage the disease in time with a purpose of curbing down the fatality. This study aims to test and identify the gaps if any between the “Insight” and “current evidence based Knowledge” on the Impact of COVID-19 on the heart. A questionnaire based qualitative cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among Physicians all over Nepal directly or indirectly involved in COVID-19 management. Data was collected via google forms via email or viber/ whattsapp and laid in excel file. Proportion of response from each linked question in two sets containing 11 questions, was compared under the domain “Insight” versus “Current Evidenced based knowledge” having 5 various subtopics. One hundred doctors participated in the study. Overall positive difference of 19% was noted between insight and evidence based knowledge. The highest positive difference was noted regarding atrial fibrillation in COVID-19 (38%), rise in NT pro BNP and its prognosis in heart failure (35%), role of ACE-2 receptor in COVID-19 and acute lung injury (30%) and prevalence and type of arrhythmia in COVID-19 (25%) and lowest (-1%) in regard to preferred reperfusion therapy in STEMI in COVID-19. There were substantial gaps identified between insight and current evidence based knowledge which can be bridged by training, webinar, review article dissemination, peer clinical discussion at government and non-government level in all the states throughout the nation.
COVID - 19及其对心脏的影响是了解疾病的必要条件，以便及时诊断和管理疾病，以降低死亡率。这项研究旨在测试和确定关于COVID-19对心脏影响的“见解”和“当前基于证据的知识”之间的差距。在尼泊尔各地直接或间接参与COVID-19管理的医生中进行了一项基于问卷的定性横断面描述性研究。数据通过谷歌表格通过电子邮件或viber/ whatsapp收集，并放在excel文件中。在包含11个问题的两组问题中，每个关联问题的回答比例在“Insight”领域与“Current evidence based knowledge”领域进行了比较，该领域有5个不同的子主题。100名医生参与了这项研究。洞察力和基于证据的知识之间的总体正差异为19%。在COVID-19患者心房颤动(38%)、心力衰竭患者NT pro BNP升高及其预后(35%)、ACE-2受体在COVID-19和急性肺损伤中的作用(30%)以及COVID-19患者心律失常的患病率和类型(25%)方面阳性差异最大，在STEMI患者首选再灌注治疗方面阳性差异最小(-1%)。在洞察力和当前基于证据的知识之间存在着巨大的差距，这可以通过培训、网络研讨会、评论文章传播、全国各州政府和非政府层面的同行临床讨论来弥补。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.3126/nmcj.v24i3.48621
Rupa Laxmi Shrestha, L. Khadka
Teenage pregnancy is a global problem mostly occurring in poor and marginalized community. Teenage pregnancy increases when girls are denied the right to make decisions about their sexual and reproductive health and well-being. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge regarding teenage pregnancy among adolescence girls of secondary school. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with sample size of 100 by using probability stratified sampling technique. Pretested (r=0.74) structured and semi structured questionnaires (lowest 1 and highest score 34) were used as instrument for data collection. Data was collected through self administered technique. Data analysis was done from descriptive (mean, SD, frequency, percentage) and inferential (independent t test, ANOVA test) statistics using SPSS version 16. The findings of the study showed that respondents were age group 13-15 years (51%), hindu (91%), chhetri (36%), class 9 and 10 (41%) and family (71%) as a source of information. The overall mean knowledge score of respondents was 25.81±3.46 with the minimum score 14 and maximum score 34. The mean knowledge about contributing factors was 12.34±1.82, consequences were 6.69±1.82 and preventive measures were 6.78±1.17. The knowledge score regarding teenage pregnancy was significant in relation to age and education status of respondents where p value were 0.002, 0.000 respectively. It is concluded that respondents had adequate knowledge. According to findings, teenage pregnancy awareness program should be carried out in school and community through mass media to prevent teenage pregnancy in adolescence.
少女怀孕是一个全球性问题，主要发生在贫穷和边缘化社区。当女孩被剥夺就其性健康和生殖健康及福祉作出决定的权利时，少女怀孕就会增加。摘要本研究的目的是评估中学女生对少女怀孕的认知。采用概率分层抽样技术进行描述性横断面研究，样本量为100人。采用预试(r=0.74)结构化和半结构化问卷(最低1分，最高34分)作为数据收集工具。数据通过自我管理技术收集。数据分析采用SPSS version 16进行描述性统计(均值、标准差、频率、百分比)和推断性统计(独立t检验、方差分析检验)。研究结果显示，受访者是13-15岁年龄组(51%)，印度教(91%)，佛教(36%)，9年级和10年级(41%)和家庭(71%)作为信息来源。被调查者的总体平均知识得分为25.81±3.46分，最低14分，最高34分。对影响因素的平均知晓度为12.34±1.82，对后果的平均知晓度为6.69±1.82，对预防措施的平均知晓度为6.78±1.17。青少年怀孕知识得分与被调查者的年龄和受教育程度相关，p值分别为0.002、0.000。得出的结论是，受访者有足够的知识。根据调查结果，应在学校和社区通过大众媒体开展青少年怀孕意识活动，以防止青少年怀孕。
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