E. L. Novelli, N. L. Rodrigues, J. M. Sforcin, B. Ribas
The role of air pollution as a health risk factor is of special interest. Numerous toxic pollutants, such as nickel, are being released to the environment as a result of combustion of fossil fuels, crude oil, and coal. Nickel in the atmosphere can be combined with other environmental pollutants, producing various nickel compounds, which have varying animal toxicity. A rat biossay validated for the identification of toxic effects of nickel revealed increased serum activities of total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in rats that received intratracheal injection of Ni2+ in .09% saline solution of NiCl2 . The total LDH activity was also increased in the heart, and the isoenzyme pattern showed the LDH /LDH ratio elevated to greater than 1. We conclude that intra tracheal administration of nickel induced cardiac and hepatic damage. The development of cardiac and hepatic damage and of increased enzymes'activities was only demonstrated when nickel had accumulated in these tissues, indic...
{"title":"TOXIC EFFECTS OF NICKEL EXPOSURE ON HEART AND LIVER OF RATS","authors":"E. L. Novelli, N. L. Rodrigues, J. M. Sforcin, B. Ribas","doi":"10.1080/107691897229612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229612","url":null,"abstract":"The role of air pollution as a health risk factor is of special interest. Numerous toxic pollutants, such as nickel, are being released to the environment as a result of combustion of fossil fuels, crude oil, and coal. Nickel in the atmosphere can be combined with other environmental pollutants, producing various nickel compounds, which have varying animal toxicity. A rat biossay validated for the identification of toxic effects of nickel revealed increased serum activities of total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in rats that received intratracheal injection of Ni2+ in .09% saline solution of NiCl2 . The total LDH activity was also increased in the heart, and the isoenzyme pattern showed the LDH /LDH ratio elevated to greater than 1. We conclude that intra tracheal administration of nickel induced cardiac and hepatic damage. The development of cardiac and hepatic damage and of increased enzymes'activities was only demonstrated when nickel had accumulated in these tissues, indic...","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85340328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Issues in Drug Toxicity POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS OF SULFITES","authors":"L. Knodel","doi":"10.1080/107691897229630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73374290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cimetidine has not been shown to affect the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. However, when the protocol was modified in such a way that paracetamol was taken 1 h after cimetidine, there was a significant effect on its absorption. The C and K (absorption constant) were significantly reduced ( p < .001 for the max difference between the two cases-control and treated). Lag time was greatly increased ( p <.001). This indicates that the therapeutic efficacy of paracetamol may be affected.
{"title":"A Brief Communication REDUCED ABSORPTION OF PARACETAMOL FOLLOWING CIMETIDINE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS","authors":"M. Garba, A. Mustapha, M. Bakare, I. Aguye","doi":"10.1080/107691897229586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229586","url":null,"abstract":"Cimetidine has not been shown to affect the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol. However, when the protocol was modified in such a way that paracetamol was taken 1 h after cimetidine, there was a significant effect on its absorption. The C and K (absorption constant) were significantly reduced ( p < .001 for the max difference between the two cases-control and treated). Lag time was greatly increased ( p <.001). This indicates that the therapeutic efficacy of paracetamol may be affected.","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89079366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LASER CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PERMETHRIN TOXICITY IN INSECT AND MAMMALIAN EPITHELIAL CELLS","authors":"S. Meola, R. Meola, Rola Ba","doi":"10.1080/107691897229603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84083644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Šovčíková, M. Ursínyová, L. Wsólová, V. Rao, M. Lustik
A cross-sectional clinical evaluation was performed on 395 children aged 9-10 yr residing in Bratislava, Republic of Slovakia, to examine the potential adverse effects of low lead levels in blood (PbB) on neuromotor and cognitive performance. Eight clinical evaluations comprised of neuromotor (simple reaction time, Vienna, tapping test) and cognitive tests (Benton, Bender, Raven, and WISC1 and 2) were conducted. Whole blood lead levels served as the surrogate for lead body-burden levels. The mean PbB of the study population was 36.5 ug/L (SD-16.2). A statistically significant negative association between PbB and global intelligence (Raven, p <.001) visual short-term memory (Benton, p <.05), and activity evaluations by teachers and parents ( p <.05) was observed in the study population. Eight covariates were included in a multivariate analysis to examine the confounding effects of socioeconomic factors on the PbB-test performance relationship. A highly significant negative association was observed...
对居住在斯洛伐克共和国布拉迪斯拉发的395名9-10岁儿童进行了横断临床评估，以检查低血铅水平(PbB)对神经运动和认知能力的潜在不利影响。进行了8项临床评估，包括神经运动测试(简单反应时间、维也纳、敲击测试)和认知测试(Benton、Bender、Raven和WISC1和2)。全血铅水平作为铅身体负荷水平的替代指标。研究人群的平均PbB为36.5 ug/L (SD-16.2)。在研究人群中，PbB与整体智力(Raven, p <.001)、视觉短期记忆(Benton, p <.05)以及教师和家长的活动评价(p <.05)之间存在统计学上显著的负相关。在多变量分析中纳入了8个协变量，以检验社会经济因素对pbb测试绩效关系的混淆效应。观察到一个非常显著的负相关…
{"title":"EFFECTS ON THE MENTAL AND MOTOR ABILITIES OF CHILDREN EXPOSED TO LOW LEVELS OF LEAD IN BRATISLAVA","authors":"E. Šovčíková, M. Ursínyová, L. Wsólová, V. Rao, M. Lustik","doi":"10.1080/107691897229595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229595","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional clinical evaluation was performed on 395 children aged 9-10 yr residing in Bratislava, Republic of Slovakia, to examine the potential adverse effects of low lead levels in blood (PbB) on neuromotor and cognitive performance. Eight clinical evaluations comprised of neuromotor (simple reaction time, Vienna, tapping test) and cognitive tests (Benton, Bender, Raven, and WISC1 and 2) were conducted. Whole blood lead levels served as the surrogate for lead body-burden levels. The mean PbB of the study population was 36.5 ug/L (SD-16.2). A statistically significant negative association between PbB and global intelligence (Raven, p <.001) visual short-term memory (Benton, p <.05), and activity evaluations by teachers and parents ( p <.05) was observed in the study population. Eight covariates were included in a multivariate analysis to examine the confounding effects of socioeconomic factors on the PbB-test performance relationship. A highly significant negative association was observed...","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76123405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure of geriatric m ice (21- 1 m o) to the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produced alterations in thymus, spleen, and bone m arrow hematopoietic cell populations. Female C57BL/ 6 mice were dosed (via intraperitoneal injection) with 0, 5.0, or 10.0 ug/ kg TCDD in corn oil for 5 consecutive days. Evaluation of imm une endpoints took place on the second day following cessation of dosing. A limited but significant reduction in bone marrow cellularity was produced by exposure to TCDD at 10.0 ug/ kg, in the presence of unaltered percentages of cells expressing CD45, CD45R, and Mac-1 antigens. A lim ited increase in splenic cellularity was also present at the higher dose level of TCDD, where trends toward reduced percent++ ages of CD45R B cells and Thy 1.2 T cells were observed but did not reach significance. Pronounced, dose-dependent thymic hypocellularity was evident at both levels of chemical exposure in the aged m ice, and was accom panied by+ + decreased percentage...
{"title":"SUBACUTE EXPOSURE TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) IN GERIATRIC MICE: EFFECTS IN THYMIC, SPLENIC, AND BONE MARROW HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS","authors":"Bonnie J. Smith, S. Holladay","doi":"10.1080/107691897229685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229685","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure of geriatric m ice (21- 1 m o) to the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produced alterations in thymus, spleen, and bone m arrow hematopoietic cell populations. Female C57BL/ 6 mice were dosed (via intraperitoneal injection) with 0, 5.0, or 10.0 ug/ kg TCDD in corn oil for 5 consecutive days. Evaluation of imm une endpoints took place on the second day following cessation of dosing. A limited but significant reduction in bone marrow cellularity was produced by exposure to TCDD at 10.0 ug/ kg, in the presence of unaltered percentages of cells expressing CD45, CD45R, and Mac-1 antigens. A lim ited increase in splenic cellularity was also present at the higher dose level of TCDD, where trends toward reduced percent++ ages of CD45R B cells and Thy 1.2 T cells were observed but did not reach significance. Pronounced, dose-dependent thymic hypocellularity was evident at both levels of chemical exposure in the aged m ice, and was accom panied by+ + decreased percentage...","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current issues in drug toxicity","authors":"C. Hatfield, L. Knodel, R. Talbert","doi":"10.1080/107691897229720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78324415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability of Cardioxane to protect against the peroxidative type of heart damage induced by a single treatm ent with farmorubicin (10 mg/ kg ip) or ionizing radiation (20 Gy gam ma rays) as well was investigated in WAG strain rats. Cardioxane in doses 20 mg/ kg was applied ip 1 h before and 20 h after farmorubicin treatment or 30 m in before and 20 h after irradiation. The early markers of peroxidative damage were thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) in serum and heart homogenate, and the cytoplasm ic enzyme creatine kinase CK (CPK) activity in serum. Results indicate that Cardioxane in clinically relevant doses did not exert a protective effect against oxidative reactions and did not significantly influence the changes of serum enzym e level observed after both cardiotoxic agents. Furthermore, Cardioxane alone induced a sm all but significant increase of TBA-RS in serum and heart tissue, providing additional toxicity.
{"title":"FAILURE OF CARDIOXANE (ICRF-187, DEXRAZOXANE) TO LIMIT PEROXIDATIVE HEART DAMAGE IN RATS AFTER GAMMA IRRADIATION OR FARMORUBICIN (48-EPIDOXORUBICIN) TREATMENT","authors":"W. Przybyszewski, M. Wideł","doi":"10.1080/107691897229694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229694","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of Cardioxane to protect against the peroxidative type of heart damage induced by a single treatm ent with farmorubicin (10 mg/ kg ip) or ionizing radiation (20 Gy gam ma rays) as well was investigated in WAG strain rats. Cardioxane in doses 20 mg/ kg was applied ip 1 h before and 20 h after farmorubicin treatment or 30 m in before and 20 h after irradiation. The early markers of peroxidative damage were thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) in serum and heart homogenate, and the cytoplasm ic enzyme creatine kinase CK (CPK) activity in serum. Results indicate that Cardioxane in clinically relevant doses did not exert a protective effect against oxidative reactions and did not significantly influence the changes of serum enzym e level observed after both cardiotoxic agents. Furthermore, Cardioxane alone induced a sm all but significant increase of TBA-RS in serum and heart tissue, providing additional toxicity.","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82183019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iverm ectin is an antiparasitic agent used in animals and humans and is often administered as a 1% solution (Ivomec, Merck) dissolved in propylene glycol and glycerol formal. Ivermectin alone produces minor adverse reactions in humans and farm animals, but mice are particularly sensitive to the drug, demonstrating neurotoxicity in adults and malformations in offspring at relatively low maternal doses. Ivom ec and its constituent solvents, propylene glycol and glycerol formal, have not been previously examined for their direct effect on embryonic development. In this study the in vitro method of whole-embryo culture was used to expose early-som ite mouse embryos to Ivomec, propylene glycol, and glycerol formal. Pure iverm ectin could not be obtained from the manufacturer and thus could not be evaluated individually. Ivomec was added to the culture medium to achieve ivermectin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ug/ ml. Controls for each group were exposed to propylene glycol and glycerol formal (no iver...
{"title":"DYSMORPHOGENIC EFFECTS OF IVOMEC IN MOUSE EMBRYOS IN VITRO","authors":"Laura E. Chaconas, I. Smoak","doi":"10.1080/107691897229711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229711","url":null,"abstract":"Iverm ectin is an antiparasitic agent used in animals and humans and is often administered as a 1% solution (Ivomec, Merck) dissolved in propylene glycol and glycerol formal. Ivermectin alone produces minor adverse reactions in humans and farm animals, but mice are particularly sensitive to the drug, demonstrating neurotoxicity in adults and malformations in offspring at relatively low maternal doses. Ivom ec and its constituent solvents, propylene glycol and glycerol formal, have not been previously examined for their direct effect on embryonic development. In this study the in vitro method of whole-embryo culture was used to expose early-som ite mouse embryos to Ivomec, propylene glycol, and glycerol formal. Pure iverm ectin could not be obtained from the manufacturer and thus could not be evaluated individually. Ivomec was added to the culture medium to achieve ivermectin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ug/ ml. Controls for each group were exposed to propylene glycol and glycerol formal (no iver...","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81850531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results of acute toxicity and prim ary irritation studies for 43 amines of 9 chem ical classes are presented. Effects were variable, even within the same structural class, but several trends were apparent. Based on LD50 values, saturated short- and long-chain aliphatic amines were of moderate to high toxicity by peroral (rat) and percutaneous (rabbit) routes. Oral LD50 values ranged from 8.0 m l/kg), and most cyclic amines (peroral LD50 2.24-5.66 ml/kg, percutaneous LD50 0.79-16.0 ml/kg). However, one cyclic amine, quinuclidine, was highly toxic by peroral and epicutaneous dosing (respective...
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ACUTE TOXICITY AND PRIMARY IRRITANCY OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF AMINES","authors":"R. Myers, B. Ballantyne","doi":"10.1080/107691897229702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/107691897229702","url":null,"abstract":"Results of acute toxicity and prim ary irritation studies for 43 amines of 9 chem ical classes are presented. Effects were variable, even within the same structural class, but several trends were apparent. Based on LD50 values, saturated short- and long-chain aliphatic amines were of moderate to high toxicity by peroral (rat) and percutaneous (rabbit) routes. Oral LD50 values ranged from 8.0 m l/kg), and most cyclic amines (peroral LD50 2.24-5.66 ml/kg, percutaneous LD50 0.79-16.0 ml/kg). However, one cyclic amine, quinuclidine, was highly toxic by peroral and epicutaneous dosing (respective...","PeriodicalId":87425,"journal":{"name":"Toxic substance mechanisms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87330524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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