Californian journal of health promotion最新文献_第8页

Maximizing the Impact of Digital Media Campaigns to Promote Smoking Cessation: A Case Study of the California Tobacco Control Program and the California Smokers' Helpline. 最大化数字媒体运动促进戒烟的影响:加州烟草控制计划和加州吸烟者帮助热线的案例研究。

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V12I3.1579

Y. O. Lee, B. Momin, H. Hansen, Jennifer C Duke, Kristin R Harms, A. McCartney, A. Neri, Jennifer W. Kahende, Lei Zhang, S. Stewart

Digital media are often used to encourage smoking cessation by increasing quitline call volume through direct promotion to smokers or indirect promotion to smoker proxies. The documentation of a program's experiences utilizing digital media is necessary to develop both the knowledge base and a set of best practices. This case study highlights the use of digital media in a proxy-targeted campaign to promote the California Smokers' Helpline to health care professionals from October 2009 to September 2012. We describe the iterative development of the campaign's digital media activities and report campaign summaries of web metrics (website visits, webinar registrations, downloads of online materials, online orders for promotional materials) and media buy (gross impressions) tracking data. The campaign generated more than 2.7 million gross impressions from digital media sources over 3 years. Online orders for promotional materials increased almost 40% over the course of the campaign. A clearly defined campaign strategy ensured that there was a systematic approach in developing and implementing campaign activities and ensuring that lessons learned from previous years were incorporated. Discussion includes lessons learned and recommendations for future improvements reported by campaign staff to inform similar efforts using digital media.

数字媒体经常被用来鼓励戒烟，通过对吸烟者的直接宣传或对吸烟者代理的间接宣传来增加戒烟热线电话的数量。一个项目利用数字媒体的经验文档对于建立知识库和一套最佳实践都是必要的。本案例研究重点介绍了2009年10月至2012年9月期间，在针对代理的宣传活动中使用数字媒体向卫生保健专业人员宣传加州吸烟者帮助热线的情况。我们描述了活动数字媒体活动的迭代发展，并报告了网络指标(网站访问量、网络研讨会注册、在线材料下载、促销材料在线订单)和媒体购买(总印象)跟踪数据的活动摘要。该活动在3年多的时间里从数字媒体渠道获得了270多万次总印象。促销材料的在线订单在活动期间增长了近40%。一项明确界定的运动战略确保在制定和执行运动活动方面有系统的办法，并确保吸取前几年的经验教训。讨论包括竞选工作人员报告的经验教训和未来改进建议，以便为使用数字媒体的类似努力提供信息。

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引用次数: 2

Sun Tanning Behaviors, Health Beliefs, Attitudes and Intentions among College Students 大学生晒黑行为、健康信念、态度与意图

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V12I2.2151

Michael S Dunn

Purpose: Even though it is well known that sun tanning can cause cancer, the behavior is practiced by a significant proportion of the US population, with about 50% of white adolescents and adults engaging in the behavior. This study assessed the sun tanning behaviors and sun tanning health beliefs, attitudes, and intentions among college students at a university in a beach resort town. Methods: Students (n=632) were recruited by email and participated in an electronic survey. All students at the university were invited to participate. Results: Females and those who had higher perceived benefits of tanning, and those who had friends who sun tanned spent more time intentionally sun tanning. Also, an association existed between having a positive attitude toward tan skin and using tanning beds (OR=2.51). Those with intentions to decrease sun tanning were more often female, had higher perceived severity of tanning, and higher selfefficacy of avoiding tanning (OR=2.30). Conclusions: Females may be a prime target population for preventive interventions since they sun tan more often, but also have higher intentions to avoid the behavior. Additionally, the results of this study seem to indicate that females’ behaviors are more predictable according to the Health Belief Model (HBM). Because of this, interventions that seek to address HBM constructs might be more effective for females compared to males.

目的:尽管众所周知，晒黑会导致癌症，但这种行为在美国人口中仍占很大比例，约50%的白人青少年和成年人有这种行为。本研究评估了某海滨度假小镇某大学大学生的晒黑行为和晒黑健康信念、态度和意图。方法:采用电子邮件方式对632名学生进行问卷调查。这所大学的所有学生都被邀请参加。结果:女性和那些认为晒黑有更高好处的人，以及那些有晒黑朋友的人，会花更多的时间故意晒黑。此外，对晒黑皮肤持积极态度与使用晒黑床之间存在关联(OR=2.51)。那些打算减少晒黑的人往往是女性，她们认为晒黑的严重程度更高，避免晒黑的自我效能也更高(OR=2.30)。结论:女性可能是预防干预的主要目标人群，因为她们更经常晒黑，但也有更高的意愿避免这种行为。此外，本研究的结果似乎表明，根据健康信念模型(HBM)，女性的行为更具可预测性。正因为如此，寻求解决HBM结构的干预措施可能对女性比男性更有效。

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引用次数: 5

Impact of Pharmacist Care in a Shared Medical Appointment Model for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes in a Micronesian Population 密克罗尼西亚人口2型糖尿病管理共享医疗预约模式中药师护理的影响

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V12I2.2146

Candace Tan, D. Juárez, Stacy L Haumea, C. Grimm

More than 25 million people have diabetes in the United States and its complications make it a leading cause of death. Pacific Islanders, specifically Micronesians, experience even higher rates of diabetes, and pharmacist care for these individuals may improve health outcomes. Objective: To better address health disparities in this population, a health center serving Hawaii Island added clinical pharmacy services into their shared medical appointment program for diabetes management. Methods: Standard care (n= 21) consisted of weekly education sessions for patients provided by a multi-disciplinary team, after which patients had one-on-one appointments with a primary care provider if they met threshold clinical criteria. The intervention group (n=36) received the same services, plus a medication management service provided by a pharmacist during the one-on-one appointments. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the pharmacist care and standard care groups on clinical measures including glycosylated hemoglobin, low density lipoprotein and blood pressure at the end of the eighteenmonth intervention period. Conclusion: Pacific Islanders face unique health care challenges including low socioeconomic status, language barriers and differences in cultural perceptions of health care. The value of clinical pharmacy has been well-documented in the literature but further study of the role and impact of these services is warranted for high-risk populations. © 2014 Californian Journal of Health Promotion. All rights reserved.

在美国，超过2500万人患有糖尿病，其并发症使其成为导致死亡的主要原因。太平洋岛民，特别是密克罗尼西亚人的糖尿病发病率更高，药剂师对这些人的护理可能会改善他们的健康状况。目的:为了更好地解决这一人群的健康差异，夏威夷岛的一家健康中心将临床药房服务纳入了糖尿病管理的共享医疗预约计划。方法:标准护理(n= 21)包括由多学科团队为患者提供的每周教育课程，之后如果患者符合阈值临床标准，则与初级保健提供者进行一对一的预约。干预组(n=36)接受相同的服务，并在一对一预约时由药剂师提供药物管理服务。结果:18个月干预期结束时，药师护理组与标准护理组在糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、血压等临床指标上差异无统计学意义。结论:太平洋岛民面临着独特的卫生保健挑战，包括低社会经济地位、语言障碍和卫生保健文化观念差异。临床药学的价值在文献中得到了充分的证明，但对这些服务的作用和影响的进一步研究对高危人群是有必要的。©2014加州健康促进杂志。版权所有。

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引用次数: 0

Using E-Mail Health Interventions and Transtheoretical Model to Promote Wellness: A Pilot Study 利用电子邮件健康干预和跨理论模型促进健康:一项试点研究

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V12I1.1556

Larry W. Anenson, A. Brunt, D. Terbizan, B. Christensen

Purpose: The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of one weekly e-mail health (e-health) message in assisting individuals meet their self-identified health goals. Methods: Employees (N=31) from a midwestern city were recruited at a Benefits Fair health booth and divided into two groups based on their desire to receive additional health information. The participants in each group were then randomly assigned to receive basic or detailed e-health messages that were developed using the constructs of the Transtheoretical Model. Participants self-identified a personal wellness goal and how soon they planned to start working toward accomplishing this goal. For 38 weeks, the basic group received weekly e-health messages that contained basic information related to one of the World Health Organization’s seven dimensions of wellness while the detailed group received the basic message plus additional games, webpage links and more extensive information. Participant’s progress along the change continuum and goal completion was assessed 38 weeks later with a Post-Wellness Survey. Results: Participants exhibited positive movement on the behavior change continuum with many reaching their goals, regardless of the type of e-health message received. Conclusion: E-health messages can be a practical, cost-effective way to assist employees in making healthy behavioral changes and meeting their personal health goals.

目的:本准实验研究的目的是确定每周一封电子邮件健康信息在帮助个人实现自我确定的健康目标方面的有效性。方法:从一个美国中西部城市的福利博览会健康摊位招募了31名员工，并根据他们接受额外健康信息的意愿分为两组。然后，每组的参与者被随机分配接收使用跨理论模型构建的基本或详细的电子健康信息。参与者自我确定了一个个人健康目标，以及他们计划多久开始为实现这一目标而努力。在38周的时间里，基本组每周收到电子保健信息，其中包含与世界卫生组织健康的七个方面之一有关的基本信息，而详细组收到基本信息加上额外的游戏、网页链接和更广泛的信息。38周后通过健康调查评估参与者在改变连续体和目标完成方面的进展。结果:无论收到何种类型的电子健康信息，参与者在行为改变连续体上表现出积极的运动，许多人达到了他们的目标。结论:电子健康信息是一种实用的、经济有效的方式，可以帮助员工做出健康的行为改变，实现个人健康目标。

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引用次数: 0

Maximizing the Impact of Digital Media Campaigns to Promote Smoking Cessation: A Case Study of the California Tobacco Control Program and the California Smokers' Helpline. 最大化数字媒体运动促进戒烟的影响:加州烟草控制计划和加州吸烟者帮助热线的案例研究。

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Youn Ok Lee, Behnoosh Momin, Heather Hansen, Jennifer Duke, Kristin Harms, Amanda McCartney, Antonio Neri, Jennifer Kahende, Lei Zhang, Sherri L Stewart

Digital media are often used to encourage smoking cessation by increasing quitline call volume through direct promotion to smokers or indirect promotion to smoker proxies. The documentation of a program's experiences utilizing digital media is necessary to develop both the knowledge base and a set of best practices. This case study highlights the use of digital media in a proxy-targeted campaign to promote the California Smokers' Helpline to health care professionals from October 2009 to September 2012. We describe the iterative development of the campaign's digital media activities and report campaign summaries of web metrics (website visits, webinar registrations, downloads of online materials, online orders for promotional materials) and media buy (gross impressions) tracking data. The campaign generated more than 2.7 million gross impressions from digital media sources over 3 years. Online orders for promotional materials increased almost 40% over the course of the campaign. A clearly defined campaign strategy ensured that there was a systematic approach in developing and implementing campaign activities and ensuring that lessons learned from previous years were incorporated. Discussion includes lessons learned and recommendations for future improvements reported by campaign staff to inform similar efforts using digital media.

数字媒体经常被用来鼓励戒烟，通过对吸烟者的直接宣传或对吸烟者代理的间接宣传来增加戒烟热线电话的数量。一个项目利用数字媒体的经验文档对于建立知识库和一套最佳实践都是必要的。本案例研究重点介绍了2009年10月至2012年9月期间，在针对代理的宣传活动中使用数字媒体向卫生保健专业人员宣传加州吸烟者帮助热线的情况。我们描述了活动数字媒体活动的迭代发展，并报告了网络指标(网站访问量、网络研讨会注册、在线材料下载、促销材料在线订单)和媒体购买(总印象)跟踪数据的活动摘要。该活动在3年多的时间里从数字媒体渠道获得了270多万次总印象。促销材料的在线订单在活动期间增长了近40%。一项明确界定的运动战略确保在制定和执行运动活动方面有系统的办法，并确保吸取前几年的经验教训。讨论包括竞选工作人员报告的经验教训和未来改进建议，以便为使用数字媒体的类似努力提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Corner Store Inventories, Purchases, and Strategies for Intervention: A Review of the Literature. 街角小店存货、采购与干预策略:文献回顾。

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V11I3.1537

Brent A. Langellier, Jeremiah R Garza, Michael L. Prelip, D. Glik, R. Brookmeyer, A. Ortega

INTRODUCTIONAn increasingly popular strategy to improving the food retail environment and promoting healthy eating in low-income and minority communities is the corner store conversion. This approach involves partnering with small 'corner' food stores to expand access to high-quality fruits, vegetables, and other healthy foods.METHODSWe conducted a structured review of the literature to assess inventories and sales in corner stores, as well as to identify intervention strategies employed by corner store conversions.RESULTSOur review returned eight descriptive studies that discussed corner store inventories and sales, as well as ten intervention studies discussing six unique corner store conversion interventions in the United States, the Marshall Islands, and Canada. Common intervention strategies included: 1) partnering with an existing store, 2) stocking healthy foods, and 3) social marketing and nutrition education. We summarize each strategy and review the effectiveness of overall corner store conversions at changing peoples' food purchasing, preparation, and consumption behaviors.CONCLUSIONSConsumption of fresh, healthy, affordable foods could be improved by supporting existing retailers to expand their selection of healthy foods and promoting healthy eating at the neighborhood level. Additional corner store conversions should be conducted to determine the effectiveness and importance of specific intervention strategies.

在低收入和少数民族社区，改善食品零售环境和促进健康饮食的一种日益流行的策略是街角商店的改造。这种方法包括与小的“街角”食品店合作，以扩大获得高质量水果、蔬菜和其他健康食品的渠道。方法我们对文献进行了结构化的回顾，以评估街角商店的库存和销售情况，并确定街角商店转换所采用的干预策略。结果:我们回顾了8项讨论街角商店库存和销售的描述性研究，以及10项讨论美国、马绍尔群岛和加拿大六个独特的街角商店转换干预措施的干预研究。常见的干预策略包括:1)与现有商店合作;2)储备健康食品;3)社会营销和营养教育。我们总结了每一种策略，并回顾了街角商店转换在改变人们的食品购买、准备和消费行为方面的有效性。结论支持现有零售商扩大健康食品的选择范围，并在社区层面推广健康饮食，可促进新鲜、健康、可负担食品的消费。应进行额外的街角商店转换，以确定具体干预策略的有效性和重要性。

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引用次数: 66

Obesity, Parent Perceptions, Child Feeding, and Food Security in First Generation Hispanic Families 第一代西班牙裔家庭的肥胖、父母观念、儿童喂养和食品安全

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V11I3.1545

J. Berg, S. Tiso, M. Grasska, E. Tan, Y. Chowdhury, Robynn Zender, M. Knudtson

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationships between parent and child weight status, parental perceptions of weight, child feeding, food insecurity, and acculturation in Hispanic preschoolers and their parents in a southern California school district. Methods: Eighty-five parent-child dyads participated. Height and weight, parental weight perceptions, child feeding, acculturation, and food insecurity data were obtained. Results: Eighty-five percent of parents were born in Mexico, although 94% of their children were born in the US. Eighty percent of parents and 43% of the children were overweight or obese. None of the constructs measured predicted child BMI, although parents significantly underestimated their children's body size. Parents' BMI correlated positively with restrictive child feeding practices, and obese parents pressured their children to eat more than did non-obese parents. Conclusions: Obesity exists disproportionately in Hispanics compared to other ethnic populations. While factors predicting children's weight status are difficult to identify, parents' weight, perceptions of child's weight, adherence to the Hispanic culture, and food insecurity do appear to impact parental concerns and parenting behaviors, particularly restrictive and pressuring-to-eat behaviors. Parental underestimation of their children's weight may hinder behavior change if concerns about unhealthy weight are inaccurate. Interventions should consider parental weight, weight perceptions, and feeding practices.

目的:本研究旨在确定南加利福尼亚学区西班牙裔学龄前儿童及其父母的父母与儿童体重状况、父母对体重的看法、儿童喂养、食物不安全和文化适应之间的关系。方法:85对亲子对参与。获得了身高和体重、父母体重感知、儿童喂养、文化适应和食品不安全数据。结果:85%的父母出生在墨西哥，尽管他们94%的孩子出生在美国。80%的父母和43%的孩子超重或肥胖。虽然父母明显低估了孩子的体型，但没有任何一种结构可以预测孩子的身体质量指数。父母的身体质量指数与孩子严格的喂养方式呈正相关，肥胖的父母比不肥胖的父母强迫他们的孩子吃得更多。结论:与其他种族相比，肥胖在西班牙裔人群中的存在不成比例。虽然预测儿童体重状况的因素很难确定，但父母的体重、对孩子体重的看法、对西班牙文化的坚持以及食物不安全确实会影响父母的担忧和父母的行为，尤其是限制和强迫饮食的行为。如果对不健康体重的担忧不准确，父母对孩子体重的低估可能会阻碍行为改变。干预措施应考虑父母体重、体重认知和喂养方法。

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引用次数: 10

Variations in Weight Control Behaviors and Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Preadolescents in a Low-Income Community in Fresno, California 加州弗雷斯诺低收入社区前青少年体重控制行为和身体形象不满的变化

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V11I3.1544

L. Herzig, Amber Hammons, Shelly Matson

Purpose: This study sought to determine whether healthy, overweight, and obese preadolescents living in low-income neighborhoods differ in regards to body image and weight control behaviors. It is critical to identify early precursors to body image issues so that optimal prevention programs can be implemented. Subjects: The sample consisted of 64 preadolescents ages 8 to13 years, including 29 male (45%) and 35 female (55%) fourth, fifth, and sixth graders living in low-income neighborhoods in Fresno, California. Measures: (a) Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI-for-age (kg/m2 ), and (b) the CDC 13- question Body Image Survey was administered. Analysis: ANOVA was used to compare differences in body image and weight control behaviors by weight category (healthy, overweight, obese).Results: The obese group reported more body image dissatisfaction than did the healthy and overweight groups. Obese preadolescents were less happy with their body image and dieted more than healthy weight preadolescents. Overweight preadolescents were more similar in behaviors to healthy weight preadolescents than obese preadolescents. Conclusions: Low self-esteem related to weight may be exacerbated in the adolescent years when new pressures and challenges emerge. Targeting preadolescent overweight and obese individuals with body image issues may be useful in ameliorating some of the problems that are magnified in adolescence, such as dieting and eating disorders.

目的:本研究旨在确定生活在低收入社区的健康、超重和肥胖前青少年在身体形象和体重控制行为方面是否存在差异。识别身体形象问题的早期前兆是至关重要的，这样才能实施最佳的预防方案。受试者:样本由64名年龄在8至13岁的青少年组成，其中29名男性(45%)和35名女性(55%)生活在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺低收入社区的四年级、五年级和六年级学生。测量方法:(a)测量身高和体重，计算年龄bmi (kg/m2)， (b)进行CDC 13题身体形象调查。分析:采用方差分析比较不同体重类别(健康、超重、肥胖)的身体形象和体重控制行为的差异。结果:肥胖组比健康组和超重组报告了更多的身体形象不满。肥胖的前青少年对自己的身体形象不太满意，而且比体重健康的前青少年吃得更多。超重的前青少年比肥胖的前青少年在行为上与健康体重的前青少年更相似。结论:青少年时期出现新的压力和挑战时，体重相关的低自尊可能会加剧。针对青春期前超重和有身体形象问题的肥胖个体，可能有助于改善一些在青春期被放大的问题，比如节食和饮食失调。

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引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing and Measuring Risk Perceptions of Skin Cancer: A Review 概念化和测量皮肤癌的风险认知:综述

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.32398/CJHP.V11I3.1540

V. Nahar, Michael A. Vice, M. Ford

Background: Perceived risk is commonly conceived as a joint function of the perceived evaluations about the probability estimate of a negative outcome, and the perceived seriousness of the consequences of that negative outcome. Theories typically posit that once people perceive their vulnerability to health risks or outcomes, they form intentions to take preventive actions to reduce their risk. This theoretical proposition is not supported in skin cancer preventative behavior studies, which could be due to improper measurement of perceived risk. Purpose and Methods: The purpose of this manuscript was to assess how risk perception of skin cancer has been conceptualized and measured in the literature to date. Literature retrieval was facilitated through EBSCO, PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases. Twenty potentially relevant articles were identified for this review. Results: In the literature, skin cancer risk has been operationalized in two ways: absolute risk and comparative risk. However, these measures have some serious limitations. For example, there is great uncertainty regarding the quality of risk perception measurements (i.e., whether the items used to measure perceived risk are reliable and valid). Future studies are warranted to better understand the significance of using conditional risk measures.

背景:感知风险通常被认为是对负面结果的概率估计的感知评估和对该负面结果后果的感知严重性的联合函数。理论通常假设，一旦人们意识到自己易受健康风险或结果的影响，他们就会形成采取预防行动以降低风险的意图。这一理论命题在皮肤癌预防行为研究中没有得到支持，这可能是由于对感知风险的测量不当。目的和方法:本文的目的是评估迄今为止文献中皮肤癌的风险感知是如何被概念化和测量的。通过EBSCO、PubMed、PsycInfo、MEDLINE和ERIC数据库进行文献检索。本综述确定了20篇可能相关的文章。结果:在文献中，皮肤癌风险被分为两种方式:绝对风险和比较风险。然而，这些措施有一些严重的局限性。例如，风险感知测量的质量存在很大的不确定性(即，用于测量感知风险的项目是否可靠和有效)。未来的研究有必要更好地理解使用条件风险测量的意义。

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引用次数: 4

A Pacific Islander Organization's Approach Towards Increasing Community Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Beliefs. 太平洋岛民组织提高社区结直肠癌知识和信念的方法。

Californian journal of health promotion

Pub Date : 2013-09-01

Roger Sur, Ruth Peters, Leah Leilani Beck, Melevesi Fifita, Maria Gonzalez, Linda Guevara, Paula Healani Palmer, Sora Park Tanjasiri

Purpose: Evaluate the educational intervention and determine if changes in knowledge and beliefs are associated with positive intentions to screen among Pacific Islanders (PIs).

Design: Pre- and post-test surveys were utilized to evaluate the intervention. Educational materials included an in-language presentation, educational videos, and bookmarks with screening re-enforcement messages for community-based PI groups.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-six PIs aged 50 years and older residing in Orange County completed the educational workshop. The dependent variable is intention and the independent variables are demographic, enabling, and predisposing characteristics. Statistical analyses included paired samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and two logistic regression models.

Results: Knowledge and belief scores increased pre- to post-test. A majority intended to (1) talk to a doctor about colorectal cancer (CRC) screening (74.5%), and (2) participate in CRC screening (73.5%). Positive change in knowledge score was a significant predictor for intending to talk to a doctor about CRC screening; female gender and positive change in knowledge score were significant predictors for intending to participate in screening.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the effectiveness of tailored education in addressing cultural and linguistic needs of the community. Moreover, it demonstrated the education's potential for moving participants with limited CRC screening knowledge to intend to screen.

目的:评估教育干预，并确定知识和信念的改变是否与太平洋岛民(pi)的积极筛查意图有关。设计:采用测试前和测试后调查来评估干预措施。教育材料包括一份语言演示、教育视频和书签，上面有针对社区PI小组的重新执行信息筛选。方法:居住在奥兰治县的196名50岁及以上的pi完成了教育工作坊。因变量是意向，自变量是人口统计学、使能性和易感性特征。统计分析包括配对样本t检验、卡方检验和两个逻辑回归模型。结果:知识和信念得分在测试前和测试后都有所提高。大多数人打算(1)与医生谈论结直肠癌(CRC)筛查(74.5%)，(2)参加结直肠癌筛查(73.5%)。知识得分的积极变化是倾向于与医生谈论结直肠癌筛查的显著预测因子;女性性别和知识得分正向变化是有意参与筛查的显著预测因子。结论:这项研究突出了量身定制的教育在解决社区文化和语言需求方面的有效性。此外，它证明了教育的潜力，移动参与者与有限的CRC筛查知识打算筛查。

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引用次数: 0