Twenty-four flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of four Zingiber species, Z. purpureum, Z. mekongense, Z. parishii subsp. phuphanense and Z. procumbens and identified by UV, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR, and HPLC comparisons with authentic samples. Four Zingiber species showed the characteristic flavonoid profiles, respectively. As the results, major flavonoids of Z. purpureum, Z. mekongense and Z. procumbens were flavonol O-glycosides such as quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, 3-O-rutinoside and 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1 → 2)-glucuronide. On the other hand, those of Z. parishii subsp. phuphanense were flavone 6,8-di-C-glycosides. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of six selected flavonoids were surveyed using H-ORAC method.
从紫姜（Z. purpureum）、紫姜（Z. mekongense）、紫姜（Z. parishii）四种姜的叶片中分离到24种黄酮类化合物。并通过UV， LC-MS，酸水解，NMR和HPLC与真实样品进行比较。4种生姜分别表现出其特有的黄酮类化合物特征。结果表明，紫荆、野姜和原藜的黄酮主要为槲皮素3- o -葡糖苷、3- o -芦丁苷和3- o -鼠李糖基-(1→2)-葡糖苷等黄酮醇o -糖苷类。另一方面，教区弧菌亚种。phuphanense为黄酮6,8-二- c糖苷。此外，采用H-ORAC法测定了6种黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Flavonoid O- and C-glycosides from the leaves of four Zingiber species in Myanmar","authors":"Tsukasa Iwashina , Nobuyuki Tanaka , Takahisa Nakane , Mu Mu Aung , Masao Goto , Yuko Ishikawa-Takano , Takayuki Mizuno","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twenty-four flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of four <em>Zingiber</em> species, <em>Z. purpureum</em>, <em>Z. mekongense</em>, <em>Z. parishii</em> subsp. <em>phuphanense</em> and <em>Z. procumbens</em> and identified by UV, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis, NMR, and HPLC comparisons with authentic samples. Four <em>Zingiber</em> species showed the characteristic flavonoid profiles, respectively. As the results, major flavonoids of <em>Z. purpureum</em>, <em>Z. mekongense</em> and <em>Z. procumbens</em> were flavonol <em>O</em>-glycosides such as quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-glucuronide, 3-<em>O</em>-rutinoside and 3-<em>O</em>-rhamnosyl-(1 → 2)-glucuronide. On the other hand, those of <em>Z. parishii</em> subsp. <em>phuphanense</em> were flavone 6,8-di-<em>C</em>-glycosides. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of six selected flavonoids were surveyed using H-ORAC method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new sesterterpenoid, curvalarols C (1), along with five known meroterpenoids (2–6), was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. JL1A. The planar structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and by mass spectrometry (MS). Furthermore, its absolute configuration was unambiguously determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 exhibited significant dose-dependent insecticidal activity against the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). Standardized bioassays revealed a mortality rate of 81.21 ± 7.84 % at a concentration gradient of 1000 mg/kg.
{"title":"A new sesterterpenoid from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. GXNU JL1A","authors":"Xiongtao Yu , Yonghua Wu , Yaming Chen , Shichao Ju , Jinwei Chen , Xishan Huang , Jiguo Huang , Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new sesterterpenoid, curvalarols C (<strong>1</strong>), along with five known meroterpenoids (<strong>2</strong>–<strong>6</strong>), was isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. JL1A. The planar structure of compound <strong>1</strong> was elucidated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and by mass spectrometry (MS). Furthermore, its absolute configuration was unambiguously determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound <strong>1</strong> exhibited significant dose-dependent insecticidal activity against the Asian citrus psyllid (<em>Diaphorina citri</em> Kuwayama). Standardized bioassays revealed a mortality rate of 81.21 ± 7.84 % at a concentration gradient of 1000 mg/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2025.105203
Lucas Girotto, Déborah Yara A.C. Santos
Leucaena leucocephala is a globally recognized invasive species. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of its root system by evaluating the phytotoxic effects of root extracts and naturally released exudates on selected plant species. Bioassays revealed that root extracts strongly inhibited root and shoot growth in a dose-dependent manner, especially of the native tree Guazuma ulmifolia. In contrast, the exudates caused mild and non-significant effects, including both weak inhibition and stimulation. Reduced photosynthetic pigment contents in affected species confirmed physiological damage linked to growth inhibition. High-performance liquid chromatography identified the toxic amino acid mimosine as a key component of the root extract, with little to no presence in the exudate. This suggests that mimosine acts as an internal metabolite rather than an allelochemical released into the environment. Therefore, although L. leucocephala roots contain toxic metabolites, they are not released into the rhizosphere in significant amounts. These novel results question the direct allelopathic role of these metabolites in natural environments. Laboratory results should be cautiously extrapolated to field conditions, thus, further research that incorporates soil complexity, microbial interactions, and seasonal variability is needed to fully assess the allelopathic mechanisms in leucaena.
{"title":"The promising allelopathic potential of Leucaena leucocephala roots is not evidently released","authors":"Lucas Girotto, Déborah Yara A.C. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> is a globally recognized invasive species. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of its root system by evaluating the phytotoxic effects of root extracts and naturally released exudates on selected plant species. Bioassays revealed that root extracts strongly inhibited root and shoot growth in a dose-dependent manner, especially of the native tree <em>Guazuma ulmifolia</em>. In contrast, the exudates caused mild and non-significant effects, including both weak inhibition and stimulation. Reduced photosynthetic pigment contents in affected species confirmed physiological damage linked to growth inhibition. High-performance liquid chromatography identified the toxic amino acid mimosine as a key component of the root extract, with little to no presence in the exudate. This suggests that mimosine acts as an internal metabolite rather than an allelochemical released into the environment. Therefore, although <em>L. leucocephala</em> roots contain toxic metabolites, they are not released into the rhizosphere in significant amounts. These novel results question the direct allelopathic role of these metabolites in natural environments. Laboratory results should be cautiously extrapolated to field conditions, thus, further research that incorporates soil complexity, microbial interactions, and seasonal variability is needed to fully assess the allelopathic mechanisms in leucaena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2025.105202
Gwladys Djikam Sime , Auguste Abouem A. Zintchem , Jeanne Louise Nkot , André Néhémie Bitombo , Mbabi Nyemeck Norbert II , Andrea Calcaterra , Khalid Mohammed Khan , Dominique Serge Ngono Bikobo , Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary , Dieudonné Emmanuel Pegnyemb
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Tricalysia oligoneura K. Schum led to the isolation and characterization of a novel oleanane type triterpen (1), a phytosphingosine type ceramide (2) along with one known steroid (3), three previously identified triterpenoids (4−6), one ent-kauran type diterpene (7), two known flavonoids (8−9), and one sugar derivative (10). Structure elucidation was accomplished through spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report describing metabolites from Tricalysia oligoneura, thereby enriching the chemical profile of the species and providing valuable insights into the chemotaxonic relationships within the genus Tricalysia. In addition, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities against Leishmania donovani 1S (MHOM/SD/62/1S) promastigotes and on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate leishmanicidal activities with IC50 values of 33.51 and 35 μM respectively in comparison with the positive control, Amphotericin B (IC50 = 0.0017 μM). The crude extract exhibited good activity (IC50 value 13.62 μg/mL) against the parasite but relatively low selectivity (SI = 5.05).
These findings suggest T. oligoneura may represent a promising source of new biologically active compounds further and support its chemotaxonomic placement within the Tricalysia genus.
{"title":"Constituents from the leaves of Tricalysia oligoneura K. Schum (Rubiaceae) with antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities","authors":"Gwladys Djikam Sime , Auguste Abouem A. Zintchem , Jeanne Louise Nkot , André Néhémie Bitombo , Mbabi Nyemeck Norbert II , Andrea Calcaterra , Khalid Mohammed Khan , Dominique Serge Ngono Bikobo , Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary , Dieudonné Emmanuel Pegnyemb","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of <em>Tricalysia oligoneura</em> K. Schum led to the isolation and characterization of a novel oleanane type triterpen (<strong>1</strong>), a phytosphingosine type ceramide (<strong>2</strong>) along with one known steroid (<strong>3</strong>), three previously identified triterpenoids (<strong>4−6</strong>), one <em>ent</em>-kauran type diterpene (<strong>7</strong>), two known flavonoids (<strong>8−9</strong>), and one sugar derivative (<strong>10</strong>). Structure elucidation was accomplished through spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report describing metabolites from <em>Tricalysia oligoneura,</em> thereby enriching the chemical profile of the species and providing valuable insights into the chemotaxonic relationships within the genus <em>Tricalysia</em>. In addition, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities against <em>Leishmania donovani</em> 1S (MHOM/SD/62/1S) promastigotes and on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells respectively. Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> exhibited moderate leishmanicidal activities with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 33.51 and 35 μM respectively in comparison with the positive control, Amphotericin B (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.0017 μM). The crude extract exhibited good activity (IC<sub>50</sub> value 13.62 μg/mL) against the parasite but relatively low selectivity (SI = 5.05).</div><div>These findings suggest <em>T. oligoneura</em> may represent a promising source of new biologically active compounds further and support its chemotaxonomic placement within the <em>Tricalysia</em> genus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2025.105204
Yujie Xu , Qing Liu , Changpeng Lu , Yan Yuan , Kai Tian , Liqun Guo , Yanhong Li , Jingxian Sun , Xiangzhong Huang
A previously undescribed aromatic glucoside, named prunusica (1), together with four known aromatic glucosides (2–5), five C13-norisoprenoid megastigmane glucosides (6–10), and three flavonoid glycosides (11–13), were isolated from the leaves of Prunus persica. Their structures was determined by comprehensive analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HR-ESI-MS, ECD calculations, and acid hydrolysis coupled with GC analysis. With the exception of 3 and flavonoid glycosides, other compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time. From the present investigation, Compounds 5, 7, and 10 were reported for the first time within the genus Prunus. These works enrich the chemical diversity of secondary metabolites in P. persica and provide valuable chemical basis for further chemotaxonomic and phytochemical research on this species.
{"title":"A new aromatic glucoside from the leaves of Prunus persica and its chemotaxonomic significance","authors":"Yujie Xu , Qing Liu , Changpeng Lu , Yan Yuan , Kai Tian , Liqun Guo , Yanhong Li , Jingxian Sun , Xiangzhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A previously undescribed aromatic glucoside, named prunusica (<strong>1</strong>), together with four known aromatic glucosides (<strong>2</strong>–<strong>5</strong>), five C<sub>13</sub>-norisoprenoid megastigmane glucosides (<strong>6</strong>–<strong>10</strong>), and three flavonoid glycosides (<strong>11</strong>–<strong>13</strong>), were isolated from the leaves of <em>Prunus persica</em>. Their structures was determined by comprehensive analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HR-ESI-MS, ECD calculations, and acid hydrolysis coupled with GC analysis. With the exception of <strong>3</strong> and flavonoid glycosides, other compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time. From the present investigation, Compounds <strong>5</strong>, <strong>7</strong>, and <strong>10</strong> were reported for the first time within the genus <em>Prunus</em>. These works enrich the chemical diversity of secondary metabolites in <em>P</em>. <em>persica</em> and provide valuable chemical basis for further chemotaxonomic and phytochemical research on this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2025.105201
Lu-Shan Li , Huanlai Huang , Jia Yang , Rong-Yuan Deng , Ji-Ye Liang , Zhong-Bo Zhou
Phytochemical investigation of the stems of Sargentodoxa cuneata resulted in the isolation of sixteen compounds, including five phenolic acids (1–5), four glycosides (6–9), two flavonoids (10–11), two phenylpropionic acids (12–13), one phenolic amide (14), one phenylethanoid derivative (15), and one unsaturated fatty acid amide (16). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS. Among these compounds, compounds 6, 10 and 16 were obtained from the Lardizabalaceae family for the first time, while compound 7 was reported in S. cuneata for the first time. Additionally, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolates was discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Chemical constituents from Sargentodoxa cuneata and their chemotaxonomic significance","authors":"Lu-Shan Li , Huanlai Huang , Jia Yang , Rong-Yuan Deng , Ji-Ye Liang , Zhong-Bo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytochemical investigation of the stems of <em>Sargentodoxa cuneata</em> resulted in the isolation of sixteen compounds, including five phenolic acids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong>), four glycosides (<strong>6</strong>–<strong>9</strong>), two flavonoids (<strong>10</strong>–<strong>11</strong>), two phenylpropionic acids (<strong>12</strong>–<strong>13</strong>), one phenolic amide (<strong>14</strong>), one phenylethanoid derivative (<strong>15</strong>), and one unsaturated fatty acid amide (<strong>16</strong>). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS. Among these compounds, compounds <strong>6</strong>, <strong>10</strong> and <strong>16</strong> were obtained from the Lardizabalaceae family for the first time, while compound <strong>7</strong> was reported in <em>S. cuneata</em> for the first time. Additionally, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolates was discussed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham., a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is well-known for its fragrant rhizomes and therapeutic qualities. This research aimed to examine the optimized drying technique for obtaining the best quality H. spicatum rhizome oil. GC-FID and GC/MS techniques were employed to identify the components present in the essential oil. The antioxidant capability was determined through DPPH, metal-chelating, and H2O2 tests. Analysis revealed that 1,8-cineole, elemol, γ-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol were recognized to be the primary phytochemicals of the essential oil. The percentage composition of γ-eudesmol and α-eudesmol improved by the drying conditions. The current study presented that sun dried rhizome oil demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by fresh and shade dried rhizomes. Thus, the study showed that the highly bioactive oil sun drying could be a better method. The analysis of the molecular docking indicated that 1,8-cineole and elemol had the most potent affinity towards the 1HD2 receptor.
{"title":"Molecular docking insights and comparative GC-MS analysis of fresh and dried Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. essential oils with a focus on antioxidant activity","authors":"Aabha Gangwar , Geeta Tewari , Chitra Pande , Om Prakash , Lalit M. Tewari , Tanuja Kabdal , Manisha Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hedychium spicatum</em> Buch.-Ham.<em>,</em> a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is well-known for its fragrant rhizomes and therapeutic qualities. This research aimed to examine the optimized drying technique for obtaining the best quality <em>H. spicatum</em> rhizome oil. GC-FID and GC/MS techniques were employed to identify the components present in the essential oil. The antioxidant capability was determined through DPPH, metal-chelating, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> tests. Analysis revealed that 1,8-cineole, elemol, γ-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol were recognized to be the primary phytochemicals of the essential oil. The percentage composition of γ-eudesmol and α-eudesmol improved by the drying conditions. The current study presented that sun dried rhizome oil demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by fresh and shade dried rhizomes. Thus, the study showed that the highly bioactive oil sun drying could be a better method. The analysis of the molecular docking indicated that 1,8-cineole and elemol had the most potent affinity towards the 1HD2 receptor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2025.105200
Rui-Yang Mao , Yong-Qing Yang , Xiao-Yu Deng , Xiao-Fang Zhong
Toona ciliata M. Roem., belonging to the family Meliaceae, is valued for its high-quality timber and medicinal potential in treating various ailments. A phytochemical investigation of the twigs and leaves of T. ciliata led to the isolation of a new limonoid, named ciliatarin A (1), two known limonoids (2 and 3), and seven known tirucallane-type triterpenoids (4–10). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The NMR data of 2 are reported comprehensively for the first time. Among the known isolates, compound 2 previously reported as the hydrolysate of toonafolin was isolated for the first time from a natural source and assigned the trivial name ciliatarin B. Compounds 5–7, 9, and 10 were newly identified from the genus Toona. Ciliatarins A (1) and B (2), toonayunnanin G (3), and toonaciliatavarin D (4) represented potential chemotaxonomic markers for T. ciliata. This study not only enriched the phytochemical diversity of T. ciliata but also provided valuable insights for the chemotaxonomic significance on the genus Toona.
{"title":"Limonoid- and tirucallane-type triterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Toona ciliata (Meliaceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance","authors":"Rui-Yang Mao , Yong-Qing Yang , Xiao-Yu Deng , Xiao-Fang Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Toona ciliata</em> M. Roem., belonging to the family Meliaceae, is valued for its high-quality timber and medicinal potential in treating various ailments. A phytochemical investigation of the twigs and leaves of <em>T. ciliata</em> led to the isolation of a new limonoid, named ciliatarin A (<strong>1</strong>), two known limonoids (<strong>2</strong> and <strong>3</strong>), and seven known tirucallane-type triterpenoids (<strong>4</strong>–<strong>10</strong>). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The NMR data of <strong>2</strong> are reported comprehensively for the first time. Among the known isolates, compound <strong>2</strong> previously reported as the hydrolysate of toonafolin was isolated for the first time from a natural source and assigned the trivial name ciliatarin B. Compounds <strong>5</strong>–<strong>7</strong>, <strong>9</strong>, and <strong>10</strong> were newly identified from the genus <em>Toona</em>. Ciliatarins A (<strong>1</strong>) and B (<strong>2</strong>), toonayunnanin G (<strong>3</strong>), and toonaciliatavarin D (<strong>4</strong>) represented potential chemotaxonomic markers for <em>T. ciliata</em>. This study not only enriched the phytochemical diversity of <em>T. ciliata</em> but also provided valuable insights for the chemotaxonomic significance on the genus <em>Toona</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant secondary metabolites are ubiquitous in plants and play many physiological and ecological roles. Their species-specific qualitative and quantitative composition can vary within and among populations, and as influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Teucrium montanum L. is defined as a facultative serpentinophyte because, besides serpentinite (SER), it inhabits calcareous (CAL) habitats, where it experiences different physical-chemical soil characteristics (e.g. amount of trace elements, water, thermal regime). This research is conducted towards understanding the influence of the edaphic characteristics of SER and CAL habitats on the variability of methanol-soluble metabolites in T. montanum, aiming to identify high-resolution chemical markers to discriminate between ecotypes. Non-targeted metabolomics resulted in the identification of 95 compounds, mainly organic acids, phenolics, and terpenoids. Qualitative phytochemical composition is clearly differentiated in samples from CAL and SER habitats. The inter-population variability of twenty native populations from CAL and SER soils was investigated by metabolic profiling of aboveground parts targeting seventeen phenolic compounds. The quantitative composition of targeted metabolites varies among populations and is significantly influenced by edaphic factors. However, differences between SER and CAL habitats were statistically significant only for a few metabolites. CAL populations are characterized by higher chlorogenic and syringic acids content, while SER populations contain higher catechin, quercetin and isoquercitrin amounts. These compounds can be used as a fingerprint for a serpentinite/calcareous type of habitat and indicators of corresponding ecotypes of T. montanum.
{"title":"Metabolic differentiation of Teucrium montanum L. (Lamiaceae) from serpentinite and calcareous habitats","authors":"Nenad Zlatić , Danijela Mišić , Milica Milutinović , Uroš Gašić , Milan Stanković","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant secondary metabolites are ubiquitous in plants and play many physiological and ecological roles. Their species-specific qualitative and quantitative composition can vary within and among populations, and as influenced by environmental and genetic factors. <em>Teucrium montanum</em> L. is defined as a facultative serpentinophyte because, besides serpentinite (SER), it inhabits calcareous (CAL) habitats, where it experiences different physical-chemical soil characteristics (e.g. amount of trace elements, water, thermal regime). This research is conducted towards understanding the influence of the edaphic characteristics of SER and CAL habitats on the variability of methanol-soluble metabolites in <em>T. montanum</em>, aiming to identify high-resolution chemical markers to discriminate between ecotypes. Non-targeted metabolomics resulted in the identification of 95 compounds, mainly organic acids, phenolics, and terpenoids. Qualitative phytochemical composition is clearly differentiated in samples from CAL and SER habitats. The inter-population variability of twenty native populations from CAL and SER soils was investigated by metabolic profiling of aboveground parts targeting seventeen phenolic compounds. The quantitative composition of targeted metabolites varies among populations and is significantly influenced by edaphic factors. However, differences between SER and CAL habitats were statistically significant only for a few metabolites. CAL populations are characterized by higher chlorogenic and syringic acids content, while SER populations contain higher catechin, quercetin and isoquercitrin amounts. These compounds can be used as a fingerprint for a serpentinite/calcareous type of habitat and indicators of corresponding ecotypes of <em>T. montanum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2025.105195
Neeraj Kumari, Radha, Sunil Puri
The present study investigated the impact of altitude on the nutritional, mineral and phytochemical composition of various floral components (flower bud, sepal, petal, and whole flower) of Bombax ceiba L., a traditionally used medicinal plant. The samples were collected from three distinct altitudinal zones (Sirmaur, Kangra, and Solan) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Quantitative analysis revealed significant variations in nutritional parameters such as crude fat, fiber, protein, and carbohydrate contents across different floral parts and altitudes. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis revealed that B. ceiba is a rich source of calcium (91.65–314.35 mg/kg) and phosphorus (2407.34–5942.51 mg/kg). Phytochemical profiling revealed a marked increase in phenolics (11.616–67.774 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (3.022–89.022 mg RE/g), tannins (28.234–86.558 mg TAE/g) and saponins (1.809–9.707 mg DE/g) at relatively higher altitudes, with petals and whole flowers from these elevations exhibiting higher phytochemical contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extracts from high-altitude samples identified 24 bioactive compounds, including terpenes, fatty acids, ketones, alkanes and fatty acid esters, which are common in all floral parts. These compounds are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. Overall, the results demonstrated that both floral parts and altitude significantly influence the accumulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds. This provides a scientific basis for optimizing the selection of plant parts and collection zones for use in herbal formulations, dietary supplements, and functional food products.
{"title":"Altitude-driven variations in the nutritional, mineral, and phytochemical composition of Bombax ceiba L. floral parts: Implications for raw material quality and functional applications","authors":"Neeraj Kumari, Radha, Sunil Puri","doi":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bse.2025.105195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the impact of altitude on the nutritional, mineral and phytochemical composition of various floral components (flower bud, sepal, petal, and whole flower) of <em>Bombax ceiba</em> L., a traditionally used medicinal plant. The samples were collected from three distinct altitudinal zones (Sirmaur, Kangra, and Solan) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Quantitative analysis revealed significant variations in nutritional parameters such as crude fat, fiber, protein, and carbohydrate contents across different floral parts and altitudes. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis revealed that <em>B. ceiba</em> is a rich source of calcium (91.65–314.35 mg/kg) and phosphorus (2407.34–5942.51 mg/kg). Phytochemical profiling revealed a marked increase in phenolics (11.616–67.774 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (3.022–89.022 mg RE/g), tannins (28.234–86.558 mg TAE/g) and saponins (1.809–9.707 mg DE/g) at relatively higher altitudes, with petals and whole flowers from these elevations exhibiting higher phytochemical contents. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extracts from high-altitude samples identified 24 bioactive compounds, including terpenes, fatty acids, ketones, alkanes and fatty acid esters, which are common in all floral parts. These compounds are well-known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. Overall, the results demonstrated that both floral parts and altitude significantly influence the accumulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds. This provides a scientific basis for optimizing the selection of plant parts and collection zones for use in herbal formulations, dietary supplements, and functional food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8799,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Systematics and Ecology","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 105195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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