Eighty-nine male completed suicides who used hanging were compared with 388 male completed suicides who used firearms for 45 variables concerning the circumstances of the suicidal act and the personal characteristics of the men. All came from the Australian state of Tasmania during a twenty-year period from 1968-1987. It was found that those choosing firearms less often had a history of suicidal behavior and psychiatric problems, more often were reacting to interpersonal conflict and more often left a suicide note. Thus, the motives and psychodynamics of a potential suicidal act may provide clues to the choice of method for suicide.
{"title":"Firearm Suicides Among Males in Australia: An Analysis of Tasmanian Coroners’ Inquest Files","authors":"D. Lester, Janet Haines, Christopher L. Williams","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1102.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1102.170","url":null,"abstract":"Eighty-nine male completed suicides who used hanging were compared with 388 male completed suicides who used firearms for 45 variables concerning the circumstances of the suicidal act and the personal characteristics of the men. All came from the Australian state of Tasmania during a twenty-year period from 1968-1987. It was found that those choosing firearms less often had a history of suicidal behavior and psychiatric problems, more often were reacting to interpersonal conflict and more often left a suicide note. Thus, the motives and psychodynamics of a potential suicidal act may provide clues to the choice of method for suicide.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"170-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homosexuality has been found to be a risk factor for body dissatisfaction in men. An online sample of 64 homosexual men was used to examine the relationship between psychosocial variables hypothesised to play a role in this link (connection to gay community, rejection sensitivity, self-esteem, stigma consciousness, and internalised homophobia) and two aspects of body dissatisfaction (drive for thinness and drive for muscularity). Results from multiple linear regression analyses suggest that drive for thinness and drive for muscularity have distinct profiles, with drive for thinness correlated with low self-esteem, and drive for muscularity correlated with increased involvement with the gay community. Future research should continue to examine drive for thinness and drive for muscularity as distinct aspects of body dissatisfaction.
{"title":"Links Between Psychosocial Variables and Body Dissatisfaction in Homosexual Men: Differential Relations with the Drive for Muscularity and the Drive for Thinness","authors":"C. J. Hunt, K. Gonsalkorale, Brian A. Nosek","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1102.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1102.127","url":null,"abstract":"Homosexuality has been found to be a risk factor for body dissatisfaction in men. An online sample of 64 homosexual men was used to examine the relationship between psychosocial variables hypothesised to play a role in this link (connection to gay community, rejection sensitivity, self-esteem, stigma consciousness, and internalised homophobia) and two aspects of body dissatisfaction (drive for thinness and drive for muscularity). Results from multiple linear regression analyses suggest that drive for thinness and drive for muscularity have distinct profiles, with drive for thinness correlated with low self-esteem, and drive for muscularity correlated with increased involvement with the gay community. Future research should continue to examine drive for thinness and drive for muscularity as distinct aspects of body dissatisfaction.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated ethnicity, spirituality, body shame, body mass index (BMI) and age as risk factors for eating disorder symptomatology in men. A representative nonclinical sample of Canadian men (N = 603) was surveyed. Body shame and BMI explained a portion of the variance in eating disorder symptomatology. Ethnicity was indirectly related to eating disorder symptomatology through spirituality, body shame and BMI. Aboriginal men had lower spirituality and Asian men had greater body shame. Older men were at greater risk for eating disorder symptomatology by virtue of higher BMIs and body shame. These findings have implications for assessing men’s health risk factors and developing interventions addressing gender, including beliefs about health and masculinity, and initiatives to promote health.
{"title":"Ethnicity and Spirituality as Risk Factors for Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Men","authors":"Jennifer A. Boisvert, W. Harrell","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1101.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1101.36","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated ethnicity, spirituality, body shame, body mass index (BMI) and age as risk factors for eating disorder symptomatology in men. A representative nonclinical sample of Canadian men (N = 603) was surveyed. Body shame and BMI explained a portion of the variance in eating disorder symptomatology. Ethnicity was indirectly related to eating disorder symptomatology through spirituality, body shame and BMI. Aboriginal men had lower spirituality and Asian men had greater body shame. Older men were at greater risk for eating disorder symptomatology by virtue of higher BMIs and body shame. These findings have implications for assessing men’s health risk factors and developing interventions addressing gender, including beliefs about health and masculinity, and initiatives to promote health.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"36-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated a long-theorized relationship between individual differences in masculine gender socialization and avoidance of vulnerable negative affect. Participants were thirty-six men (faculty, staff, and students, M age = 21.40, age range 18 – 30, SD = 3.00, 3% Hispanic, 11% Asian, 86% Caucasian) recruited from a small university in the Northeastern United States. Adherence to masculine norms was positively associated with participants’ physiological fear/avoidant responses to a video of a man violating masculine gender norms by expressing vulnerable negative affect (crying, asking for help, showing affection for another man). Results suggest that masculine gender socialization may cause some men to be fearful of expressions of negative affect, potentially limiting some men’s ability to experience and express their own negative affect.
{"title":"Individual Differences in Masculine Gender Socialization as Predictive of Men’s Psychophysiological Responses to Negative Affect","authors":"Jonathan D Green, M. Addis","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1101.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1101.63","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated a long-theorized relationship between individual differences in masculine gender socialization and avoidance of vulnerable negative affect. Participants were thirty-six men (faculty, staff, and students, M age = 21.40, age range 18 – 30, SD = 3.00, 3% Hispanic, 11% Asian, 86% Caucasian) recruited from a small university in the Northeastern United States. Adherence to masculine norms was positively associated with participants’ physiological fear/avoidant responses to a video of a man violating masculine gender norms by expressing vulnerable negative affect (crying, asking for help, showing affection for another man). Results suggest that masculine gender socialization may cause some men to be fearful of expressions of negative affect, potentially limiting some men’s ability to experience and express their own negative affect.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"63-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on the author’s three years’ ethnographic research of karaoke bar hostesses and male clients in the Chinese urban sex industry, this paper argues that men’s health practices are impacted by the practices of entrepreneurial masculinity and the development of social relationships with the state. In addressing the ways in which men’s health practices are impacted by social factors rather than individual factors, this research has significant implications for HIV intervention programs, which should be devised to alter men’s health practice through breaking the association of condoms with authoritarian, top-down, and coercive family planning programs and changing peer culture, peer behaviors, and peer worldviews in men’s workplaces including companies and government offices in China.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Masculinity, Health, and the State in Post-Socialist China","authors":"Tiantian Zheng","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1101.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1101.3","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on the author’s three years’ ethnographic research of karaoke bar hostesses and male clients in the Chinese urban sex industry, this paper argues that men’s health practices are impacted by the practices of entrepreneurial masculinity and the development of social relationships with the state. In addressing the ways in which men’s health practices are impacted by social factors rather than individual factors, this research has significant implications for HIV intervention programs, which should be devised to alter men’s health practice through breaking the association of condoms with authoritarian, top-down, and coercive family planning programs and changing peer culture, peer behaviors, and peer worldviews in men’s workplaces including companies and government offices in China.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"3-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This cross-cultural study examined the nature and correlates of muscle dysmorphia (MD) in Mexicans who lift weights, compared symptomatology in Mexicans to that in Americans, and investigated the roles of bodybuilding and acculturation in the presentation of MD symptoms. The sample consisted of 46 Mexicans and 67 Americans who lift weights (N = 113). Participants completed measures regarding symptoms of MD, engagement in bodybuilding, acculturation, exercise dependency, eating pathology, and steroid use. Contrary to predictions, results indicated similar occurrences of MD symptoms in both samples. MD symptoms were correlated with bodybuilding, exercise dependence and eating pathology in both Mexican and American men, as well as American women. Engagement in bodybuilding in men was similar in both samples; however, in the American sample, bodybuilding behaviors were more related to MD. Acculturation to American culture was not related to symptoms of MD. Steroid use was greater in both samples than in previous studies. Findings are discussed in terms of cross-cultural and clinical implications.
{"title":"Muscle Dysmorphia Symptomatology: A Cross-Cultural Study in Mexico and the United States","authors":"J. C. Giardino, M. Procidano","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1101.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1101.83","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-cultural study examined the nature and correlates of muscle dysmorphia (MD) in Mexicans who lift weights, compared symptomatology in Mexicans to that in Americans, and investigated the roles of bodybuilding and acculturation in the presentation of MD symptoms. The sample consisted of 46 Mexicans and 67 Americans who lift weights (N = 113). Participants completed measures regarding symptoms of MD, engagement in bodybuilding, acculturation, exercise dependency, eating pathology, and steroid use. Contrary to predictions, results indicated similar occurrences of MD symptoms in both samples. MD symptoms were correlated with bodybuilding, exercise dependence and eating pathology in both Mexican and American men, as well as American women. Engagement in bodybuilding in men was similar in both samples; however, in the American sample, bodybuilding behaviors were more related to MD. Acculturation to American culture was not related to symptoms of MD. Steroid use was greater in both samples than in previous studies. Findings are discussed in terms of cross-cultural and clinical implications.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"83-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phillip W. Schnarrs, J. Rosenberger, V. Schick, D. Novak, D. Herbenick, M. Reece
Latino men represent a quickly growing segment of the U.S. population. As such, it is important to document the health of these individuals. Data were collected from one of the largest gay networking Web sites in the U.S. Using multivariate logistic regression relationships between participant characteristics and sexual health outcomes and behaviors were examined. The sample included 1,880 Latino men self-identifying as gay (83.7%) and bisexual (16.3%). Findings suggest the majority of men had not tested positive for any STD (86.8 – 92.0%) or HIV (79.9%), however overall STD testing was low (33.9%) compared to HIV testing (55.6%) during the previous year. Additionally, education level, employment, sexual orientation, and relationship status significantly influenced a variety of sexual behaviors and sexual health outcomes.
{"title":"Gay and Bisexual Latino Men’s Sexual Health and Behaviors: A National Online Sample","authors":"Phillip W. Schnarrs, J. Rosenberger, V. Schick, D. Novak, D. Herbenick, M. Reece","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1101.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1101.22","url":null,"abstract":"Latino men represent a quickly growing segment of the U.S. population. As such, it is important to document the health of these individuals. Data were collected from one of the largest gay networking Web sites in the U.S. Using multivariate logistic regression relationships between participant characteristics and sexual health outcomes and behaviors were examined. The sample included 1,880 Latino men self-identifying as gay (83.7%) and bisexual (16.3%). Findings suggest the majority of men had not tested positive for any STD (86.8 – 92.0%) or HIV (79.9%), however overall STD testing was low (33.9%) compared to HIV testing (55.6%) during the previous year. Additionally, education level, employment, sexual orientation, and relationship status significantly influenced a variety of sexual behaviors and sexual health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"11 1","pages":"22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to examine and explain healthpromoting behaviors among middle-aged and older men. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) was used as the framework for this study. Surveys were used to measure perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, demographic factors, self-rated health (independent variables), and health-promoting behaviors (dependent variables). A multiple linear regression model revealed 66% of the variation in total health-promoting behaviors (HPB) accounted for by the independent variables. Models for exercise HPB and nutrition HPB showed 65% and 53% of the variance explained by the independent variables. Partial correlations determined that self-efficacy was the single most important predictor in all three models. Interventions to enhance men’s self-efficacy for health-promoting behaviors should be developed and studies for impact on behavior and health carried out.
{"title":"Health-Promoting Behaviors in Men Age 45 and Above","authors":"R. Arras, R. Ogletree, K. Welshimer","doi":"10.3149/JMH.0501.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.0501.65","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to examine and explain healthpromoting behaviors among middle-aged and older men. The Health Promotion Model (HPM) was used as the framework for this study. Surveys were used to measure perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, demographic factors, self-rated health (independent variables), and health-promoting behaviors (dependent variables). A multiple linear regression model revealed 66% of the variation in total health-promoting behaviors (HPB) accounted for by the independent variables. Models for exercise HPB and nutrition HPB showed 65% and 53% of the variance explained by the independent variables. Partial correlations determined that self-efficacy was the single most important predictor in all three models. Interventions to enhance men’s self-efficacy for health-promoting behaviors should be developed and studies for impact on behavior and health carried out.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"5 1","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69852057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigated the relationship between traditional masculine ideology, body image discrepancy, self-esteem, and the pursuit of muscularity in a sample of school going boys. Constructs were measured using the Traditional Masculine Ideology Scale, Lynch and Zellner’s Body Figure Drawings (1999), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Drive for Muscularity Scale. Questionnaires were administered to 508 boys, from Grades 10, 11, and 12, at a public single-sex high school in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Analysis revealed significant positive correlations between traditional masculine ideology, the pursuit for muscularity, and body image discrepancy. Indian school boys experienced body image discrepancy more severely than their Black and White counterparts in the sample. Further, there was a significant use of muscle supplements and steroids by school going boys.
{"title":"“Making Muscle Junkies”: Investigating Traditional Masculine Ideology, Body Image Discrepancy, and the Pursuit of Muscularity in Adolescent Males","authors":"Jarred H. Martin, Kaymarlin Govender","doi":"10.3149/JMH.1003.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/JMH.1003.220","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigated the relationship between traditional masculine ideology, body image discrepancy, self-esteem, and the pursuit of muscularity in a sample of school going boys. Constructs were measured using the Traditional Masculine Ideology Scale, Lynch and Zellner’s Body Figure Drawings (1999), Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Drive for Muscularity Scale. Questionnaires were administered to 508 boys, from Grades 10, 11, and 12, at a public single-sex high school in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Analysis revealed significant positive correlations between traditional masculine ideology, the pursuit for muscularity, and body image discrepancy. Indian school boys experienced body image discrepancy more severely than their Black and White counterparts in the sample. Further, there was a significant use of muscle supplements and steroids by school going boys.","PeriodicalId":88000,"journal":{"name":"International journal of men's health","volume":"10 1","pages":"220-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69858107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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