Pub Date : 2016-12-01Epub Date: 2016-09-06DOI: 10.1007/s40204-016-0054-6
Lina Kafrouni, Oumarou Savadogo
Recent advances in nanomaterials science contributed to develop new micro- and nano-devices as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of oncology. The synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) has been intensively studied, and the use of these particles in magnetic hyperthermia therapy has demonstrated successes in treatment of cancer. However, some physical limitations have been found to impact the heating efficiency required to kill cancer cells. Moreover, the bio-safety of NPs remains largely unexplored. The primary goals of this review are to summarize the recent progress in the development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for hyperthermia, and discuss the limitations and advances in the synthesis of these particles. Based on this knowledge, new perspectives on development of new biocompatible and biofunctional nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia are discussed.
{"title":"Recent progress on magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia.","authors":"Lina Kafrouni, Oumarou Savadogo","doi":"10.1007/s40204-016-0054-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40204-016-0054-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in nanomaterials science contributed to develop new micro- and nano-devices as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of oncology. The synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) has been intensively studied, and the use of these particles in magnetic hyperthermia therapy has demonstrated successes in treatment of cancer. However, some physical limitations have been found to impact the heating efficiency required to kill cancer cells. Moreover, the bio-safety of NPs remains largely unexplored. The primary goals of this review are to summarize the recent progress in the development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for hyperthermia, and discuss the limitations and advances in the synthesis of these particles. Based on this knowledge, new perspectives on development of new biocompatible and biofunctional nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"147-160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5304434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81801209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802486991
D. Güngör, I. Bicer, R. R. Pereira, A. S. Rasulov, Azamat U. Rachimov, S. Mavlyanov, G. Ponjee, B. Brabin
Background. Clinical rickets is a childhood bone disorder that is infrequently seen in the Western World. It is still frequently seen in Uzbekistan, Eastern Europe. This is the first study undertaken to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with deficiency of vitamin D in infants in this region of Eastern Europe.Methods. Information was obtained by parental questionnaires for 474 infants aged 5–61 weeks attending rural out‐patient clinics in Samarkand. Blood was assayed for 25‐OHD and ferritin concentration.Results. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25‐OHD <30 nmol l−1) was 78.7% and was significantly associated with continued breastfeeding (p<0.05), lack of vitamin supplementation (p<0.05), residence in a rural area (p<0.05) and reduced time spent outdoors (p<0.05). Maternal characteristics did not differ between mothers of infants with and without biochemical rickets. Possible causes are a combination of factors including vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy, prolonged breastfeeding without supp...
{"title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Samarkand, Uzbekistan","authors":"D. Güngör, I. Bicer, R. R. Pereira, A. S. Rasulov, Azamat U. Rachimov, S. Mavlyanov, G. Ponjee, B. Brabin","doi":"10.1080/13590840802486991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802486991","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Clinical rickets is a childhood bone disorder that is infrequently seen in the Western World. It is still frequently seen in Uzbekistan, Eastern Europe. This is the first study undertaken to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with deficiency of vitamin D in infants in this region of Eastern Europe.Methods. Information was obtained by parental questionnaires for 474 infants aged 5–61 weeks attending rural out‐patient clinics in Samarkand. Blood was assayed for 25‐OHD and ferritin concentration.Results. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25‐OHD <30 nmol l−1) was 78.7% and was significantly associated with continued breastfeeding (p<0.05), lack of vitamin supplementation (p<0.05), residence in a rural area (p<0.05) and reduced time spent outdoors (p<0.05). Maternal characteristics did not differ between mothers of infants with and without biochemical rickets. Possible causes are a combination of factors including vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy, prolonged breastfeeding without supp...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802486991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802305423
Steve Hickey, H. J. Roberts, N. Miller
Purpose . To test whether plasma vitamin C levels, following oral doses in supplemented volunteers, are tightly controlled and subject to a maximum in the region of 220 mML 21 , as suggested by previous researchers for depleted subjects. To determine plasma levels following single, variable-sized doses of standard and liposomal formulations of vitamin C and compare the effects of the different formulations. To determine whether plasma levels above ,280 mML 21 , which have selectively killed cancer, bacteria or viruses (in laboratory experiments), can be achieved using oral doses of vitamin C. Design . This was a single blind study, measuring plasma levels in two subjects, in samples taken halfhourly or hourly for 6 hours, following ingestion of vitamin C. Data were compared with published results and with data from 10 years of laboratory plasma determinations. Materials and methods . Standard 1 gram tablets of vitamin C; liposomal vitamin C. Plasma levels were analysed using the method of Butts and Mulvihill. Results . Preliminary investigations of the effects of liposomal and standard formulation ascorbate showed that blood plasma levels in excess of the previously assumed maximum of 220 mML 21 are possible. Large oral doses of liposomal ascorbate resulted in plasma levels above 400 mML 21 . Conclusions . Since a single oral dose can produce plasma levels in excess of 400 mML 21 , pharmacokinetic theory suggests that repeated doses could sustain levels well above the formerly assumed maximum. These results have implications for the use of ascorbate, as a nutrient and as a drug. For example, a short in vitro treatment of human Burkitt’s lymphoma cells with ascorbate, at 400 mML 21 , has been shown to result in ,50% cancer cell death. Using frequent oral doses, an equivalent plasma level could be sustained indefinitely. Thus, oral vitamin C has potential for use as a non-toxic, sustainable, therapeutic agent. Further research into the experimental and therapeutic aspects of high, frequent, oral doses of ascorbic acid either alone or (for cancer therapy) in combination with synergistic substances, such as alpha-lipoic acid, copper or vitamin K3, is needed urgently.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of oral vitamin C","authors":"Steve Hickey, H. J. Roberts, N. Miller","doi":"10.1080/13590840802305423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802305423","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose . To test whether plasma vitamin C levels, following oral doses in supplemented volunteers, are tightly controlled and subject to a maximum in the region of 220 mML 21 , as suggested by previous researchers for depleted subjects. To determine plasma levels following single, variable-sized doses of standard and liposomal formulations of vitamin C and compare the effects of the different formulations. To determine whether plasma levels above ,280 mML 21 , which have selectively killed cancer, bacteria or viruses (in laboratory experiments), can be achieved using oral doses of vitamin C. Design . This was a single blind study, measuring plasma levels in two subjects, in samples taken halfhourly or hourly for 6 hours, following ingestion of vitamin C. Data were compared with published results and with data from 10 years of laboratory plasma determinations. Materials and methods . Standard 1 gram tablets of vitamin C; liposomal vitamin C. Plasma levels were analysed using the method of Butts and Mulvihill. Results . Preliminary investigations of the effects of liposomal and standard formulation ascorbate showed that blood plasma levels in excess of the previously assumed maximum of 220 mML 21 are possible. Large oral doses of liposomal ascorbate resulted in plasma levels above 400 mML 21 . Conclusions . Since a single oral dose can produce plasma levels in excess of 400 mML 21 , pharmacokinetic theory suggests that repeated doses could sustain levels well above the formerly assumed maximum. These results have implications for the use of ascorbate, as a nutrient and as a drug. For example, a short in vitro treatment of human Burkitt’s lymphoma cells with ascorbate, at 400 mML 21 , has been shown to result in ,50% cancer cell death. Using frequent oral doses, an equivalent plasma level could be sustained indefinitely. Thus, oral vitamin C has potential for use as a non-toxic, sustainable, therapeutic agent. Further research into the experimental and therapeutic aspects of high, frequent, oral doses of ascorbic acid either alone or (for cancer therapy) in combination with synergistic substances, such as alpha-lipoic acid, copper or vitamin K3, is needed urgently.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802305423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802305407
S. Hickey, D. Downing, R. Verkerk, A. Osbourne, Len Noriega, A. Hickey
Background. This study describes a decision‐theoretic approach to nutrient assessment based on Bayesian methods, which can be used to give accurate estimates of optimum intakes. Analysis of risk is an incomplete technique for dealing with nutrients and other substances that, by definition, have an associated benefit.Results. This paper shows that the risk analysis methods being developed by the Codex Commission on Nutrition and European Food Safety Authority, among others, are inappropriate for assessing safe nutrient intake levels. Decision theoretic methods incorporate benefits associated with these essential nutrients, as well as potential risk. Conclusion. These methods allow for missing or incomplete data, which conventional risk analysis does not.
{"title":"Nutrient risk assessment in a decision theoretic context","authors":"S. Hickey, D. Downing, R. Verkerk, A. Osbourne, Len Noriega, A. Hickey","doi":"10.1080/13590840802305407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802305407","url":null,"abstract":"Background. This study describes a decision‐theoretic approach to nutrient assessment based on Bayesian methods, which can be used to give accurate estimates of optimum intakes. Analysis of risk is an incomplete technique for dealing with nutrients and other substances that, by definition, have an associated benefit.Results. This paper shows that the risk analysis methods being developed by the Codex Commission on Nutrition and European Food Safety Authority, among others, are inappropriate for assessing safe nutrient intake levels. Decision theoretic methods incorporate benefits associated with these essential nutrients, as well as potential risk. Conclusion. These methods allow for missing or incomplete data, which conventional risk analysis does not.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"184-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802305407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840801923952
J. Nichols, Edward Paul P. Curtis, M. Rayman
Background. In view of plans for dietary fortification with folic acid, there is a need to reassess the advice being given in primary care. Patients and professionals may assume that fortification will make preconceptional folic acid supplementation unnecessary, but this is unlikely to be correct.Aim. To calculate the intake of total folic acid and folate at conception and to estimate the impact of fortification on the incidence of neural tube defect (NTD) conceptions.Design. An in‐depth investigation of dietary folate intake of 18 women and a survey of preconception supplementation in a group of 130 women, including an assessment of the probable impact of mandatory fortification.Method. Dietary folate intake of six infertile women and 12 age‐matched fertile controls was assessed using a 7‐day weighed diet diary. Mean values for this group were used as an estimate of local dietary folate intake. Questionnaires about periconceptional intake of supplements that included folic acid in their formulation were ...
{"title":"Survey of total folate intake at conception and assessment of impact of fortification","authors":"J. Nichols, Edward Paul P. Curtis, M. Rayman","doi":"10.1080/13590840801923952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840801923952","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In view of plans for dietary fortification with folic acid, there is a need to reassess the advice being given in primary care. Patients and professionals may assume that fortification will make preconceptional folic acid supplementation unnecessary, but this is unlikely to be correct.Aim. To calculate the intake of total folic acid and folate at conception and to estimate the impact of fortification on the incidence of neural tube defect (NTD) conceptions.Design. An in‐depth investigation of dietary folate intake of 18 women and a survey of preconception supplementation in a group of 130 women, including an assessment of the probable impact of mandatory fortification.Method. Dietary folate intake of six infertile women and 12 age‐matched fertile controls was assessed using a 7‐day weighed diet diary. Mean values for this group were used as an estimate of local dietary folate intake. Questionnaires about periconceptional intake of supplements that included folic acid in their formulation were ...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"44-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840801923952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802443133
E. Goudsmit, S. Howes
Background. A systematic review of provocation studies concluded that while persons with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) react to chemical challenges, these responses occur more often when they can discern differences between active and sham substances. The authors of the review interpreted these findings as evidence that the symptoms may not be specific to the chemical but related to expectations and prior beliefs. Given the complexity of the subject matter, the studies were re‐examined using additional criteria.Results: Our analysis revealed a number of methodological weaknesses which do not appear to have been given due consideration by the authors when interpreting the findings.Conclusions. In light of these shortcomings, we believe that their conclusions may have over‐stated the role of psychological factors in the aetiology of MCS.
{"title":"Is multiple chemical sensitivity a learned response? A critical evaluation of provocation studies","authors":"E. Goudsmit, S. Howes","doi":"10.1080/13590840802443133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802443133","url":null,"abstract":"Background. A systematic review of provocation studies concluded that while persons with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) react to chemical challenges, these responses occur more often when they can discern differences between active and sham substances. The authors of the review interpreted these findings as evidence that the symptoms may not be specific to the chemical but related to expectations and prior beliefs. Given the complexity of the subject matter, the studies were re‐examined using additional criteria.Results: Our analysis revealed a number of methodological weaknesses which do not appear to have been given due consideration by the authors when interpreting the findings.Conclusions. In light of these shortcomings, we believe that their conclusions may have over‐stated the role of psychological factors in the aetiology of MCS.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802443133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802305373
P. Epstein, P. Harding, L. Konopka, L. Curtis
Purpose. Numerous studies have found that exposures to neurotoxins such as solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, carbon monoxide and mycotoxins can cause many neuropsychiatric deficits. Neuropsychological test batteries are often useful in diagnosing and treating neurotoxin exposed patients; however, these batteries have a number of shortcomings. Increasingly, brain scans with SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) are being used to diagnose neurotoxin‐exposed patients. The purpose of this study is to measure specific regional brain functional findings with SPECT on seven patients with various encephalopathic diseases and occupational and/or environmental chemical exposure.Design. Case series.Methods and materials. Detailed exposure/occupational histories were made of seven patients exposed to neurotoxins. Some patients had possible confounding factors such as a past history of alcohol abuse or mild trauma brain injury. SPECT scans were taken with a triple headed SPECT camera on patients injecte...
{"title":"Functional neuroimaging for clinical evaluation of mild‐to‐moderate toxic encephalopathic brain disease: A study of seven patients","authors":"P. Epstein, P. Harding, L. Konopka, L. Curtis","doi":"10.1080/13590840802305373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802305373","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Numerous studies have found that exposures to neurotoxins such as solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, carbon monoxide and mycotoxins can cause many neuropsychiatric deficits. Neuropsychological test batteries are often useful in diagnosing and treating neurotoxin exposed patients; however, these batteries have a number of shortcomings. Increasingly, brain scans with SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) are being used to diagnose neurotoxin‐exposed patients. The purpose of this study is to measure specific regional brain functional findings with SPECT on seven patients with various encephalopathic diseases and occupational and/or environmental chemical exposure.Design. Case series.Methods and materials. Detailed exposure/occupational histories were made of seven patients exposed to neurotoxins. Some patients had possible confounding factors such as a past history of alcohol abuse or mild trauma brain injury. SPECT scans were taken with a triple headed SPECT camera on patients injecte...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802305373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802240067
S. M. Ross
Background. Cabin air on commercial aircraft is sometimes contaminated with hydraulic fluids, synthetic jet engine oils and combusted or pyrolized materials. The incidence of contaminated air events is hard to quantify as commercial aircraft do not have air quality monitoring systems on board. In the UK, around 350 aircrew have advised their union that they may be suffering physical and psychological ill health following exposure to contaminated air. Design. This paper presents a case series of 27 pilots referred for psychological assessment. The general aim of the assessment was to determine whether pilots show evidence of cognitive impairment and whether this relates to exposure history. Materials and method. All pilots underwent neuropsychological and adult mental health assessment, undertaken by 12 examiners, instructed to search for alternative explanations other than exposure to toxic fumes for any symptoms reported. Results. Pilots reported alarming cognitive failures at work such as being unable to retain or confusing numerical information from Air Traffic Control. Nine pilots were excluded from further analysis because they had a medical or psychiatric condition which might otherwise explain these difficulties. In the remaining 18 pilots, language, perceptual skills and general intellectual ability were preserved, but performance on tests of psychomotor speed, attention and executive functioning was below expected levels. Conclusions. The cognitive deficits identified in this cohort of pilots cannot be attributed to factors such as mood disorder or malingering. However, the evidence available in this study does not enable firm conclusions to be drawn regarding a causal link with contaminated air; the cohort of pilots was self-selected and only crude indices of exposure were available. Further research is warranted given the scientific uncertainty regarding the health effects of inhalation of heated or pyrolized engine oil.
{"title":"Cognitive function following exposure to contaminated air on commercial aircraft: A case series of 27 pilots seen for clinical purposes","authors":"S. M. Ross","doi":"10.1080/13590840802240067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802240067","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cabin air on commercial aircraft is sometimes contaminated with hydraulic fluids, synthetic jet engine oils and combusted or pyrolized materials. The incidence of contaminated air events is hard to quantify as commercial aircraft do not have air quality monitoring systems on board. In the UK, around 350 aircrew have advised their union that they may be suffering physical and psychological ill health following exposure to contaminated air. Design. This paper presents a case series of 27 pilots referred for psychological assessment. The general aim of the assessment was to determine whether pilots show evidence of cognitive impairment and whether this relates to exposure history. Materials and method. All pilots underwent neuropsychological and adult mental health assessment, undertaken by 12 examiners, instructed to search for alternative explanations other than exposure to toxic fumes for any symptoms reported. Results. Pilots reported alarming cognitive failures at work such as being unable to retain or confusing numerical information from Air Traffic Control. Nine pilots were excluded from further analysis because they had a medical or psychiatric condition which might otherwise explain these difficulties. In the remaining 18 pilots, language, perceptual skills and general intellectual ability were preserved, but performance on tests of psychomotor speed, attention and executive functioning was below expected levels. Conclusions. The cognitive deficits identified in this cohort of pilots cannot be attributed to factors such as mood disorder or malingering. However, the evidence available in this study does not enable firm conclusions to be drawn regarding a causal link with contaminated air; the cohort of pilots was self-selected and only crude indices of exposure were available. Further research is warranted given the scientific uncertainty regarding the health effects of inhalation of heated or pyrolized engine oil.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802240067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840802518785
V. R. Sinija, H. Mishra
The plant Camellia sinensis yields a variety of white, green and black tea. Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, next only to water for enjoyment and health. In general, green tea has been found to be superior to black tea in terms of health benefits. The major components of interest are the polyphenols which are responsible for the antioxidant and other health benefits of green tea. The major polyphenols in green tea are flavonoids. The four major flavonoids in green tea are the catechins, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epigallocatechin gallate is viewed as the most significant active component. The processes used in the manufacture of black tea are known to decrease levels of the monometric catechins to a much greater extent than the less severe conditions applied to other teas. Much research is available depicting the health benefits of green tea for a wide variety of implications, including different ty...
{"title":"Green tea: Health benefits","authors":"V. R. Sinija, H. Mishra","doi":"10.1080/13590840802518785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840802518785","url":null,"abstract":"The plant Camellia sinensis yields a variety of white, green and black tea. Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, next only to water for enjoyment and health. In general, green tea has been found to be superior to black tea in terms of health benefits. The major components of interest are the polyphenols which are responsible for the antioxidant and other health benefits of green tea. The major polyphenols in green tea are flavonoids. The four major flavonoids in green tea are the catechins, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epigallocatechin gallate is viewed as the most significant active component. The processes used in the manufacture of black tea are known to decrease levels of the monometric catechins to a much greater extent than the less severe conditions applied to other teas. Much research is available depicting the health benefits of green tea for a wide variety of implications, including different ty...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"232-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840802518785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59781023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840801972074
Jin-Qiang Chen, J. Russo
Background. Prolonged exposure to oestrogens (17β‐estradiol)(E2), xenoestrogens, hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives has been recognized as a key aetiological factor of human breast cancer. The biological and carcinogenic effects of E2 and xenoestrogens are mediated via oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). Both receptors are localized in the nucleus of E2‐targeted cells including human breast cells where they are involved in the regulation of nuclear gene expression. There is increasing evidence indicating that a small fraction of total cellular ERs, particularly ERα, are localized in the membrane of E2‐targeted cells where they mediate E2‐dependent and/or E2‐independent rapid and non‐nuclear genomic signal pathways.Results. The present work will present evidence that: (1) there is mitochondrial localization of ERs in human breast cancer cells; (2) there is a functional role of the mitochondrial ERs in the regulation of mitochondrial genes encoding respiratory chain proteins.Conclusi...
{"title":"Mitochondrial oestrogen receptors and their potential implications in oestrogen carcinogenesis in human breast cancer","authors":"Jin-Qiang Chen, J. Russo","doi":"10.1080/13590840801972074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840801972074","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Prolonged exposure to oestrogens (17β‐estradiol)(E2), xenoestrogens, hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives has been recognized as a key aetiological factor of human breast cancer. The biological and carcinogenic effects of E2 and xenoestrogens are mediated via oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). Both receptors are localized in the nucleus of E2‐targeted cells including human breast cells where they are involved in the regulation of nuclear gene expression. There is increasing evidence indicating that a small fraction of total cellular ERs, particularly ERα, are localized in the membrane of E2‐targeted cells where they mediate E2‐dependent and/or E2‐independent rapid and non‐nuclear genomic signal pathways.Results. The present work will present evidence that: (1) there is mitochondrial localization of ERs in human breast cancer cells; (2) there is a functional role of the mitochondrial ERs in the regulation of mitochondrial genes encoding respiratory chain proteins.Conclusi...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"76-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840801972074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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