Pub Date : 2007-02-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840601016445
G. Worley, R. Stevenson, L. Rosenbloom, P. Sullivan
Purpose. Undernutrition is a prevalent and serious problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have severe cognitive and motor impairment. Decision‐making concerning the initiation of enteral (gastrostomy) feeding is complex, for many reasons. The Castang and Novartis Foundations convened a meeting to present research pertinent to the management of undernutrition in children with CP. The meeting was held in London on 5 and 6 February 2004. Methods. Twenty‐five participants representing the disciplines usually involved in decision‐making about the need for enteral feeding came from 11 countries on 4 continents. Conference participants had a mean of 16.5 years of experience treating undernutrition in children with CP. To ascertain the opinion of participants about management issues, a case‐based format was used. Cases were briefly presented and questions about them addressed important issues in decision‐making about instituting enteral feeding. Opinions were based on clinical experience and knowledge o...
{"title":"Castang and Novartis Foundation Conference on Undernutrition in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Survey of participants about decision-making for enteral (gastrostomy) feeding","authors":"G. Worley, R. Stevenson, L. Rosenbloom, P. Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/13590840601016445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840601016445","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Undernutrition is a prevalent and serious problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have severe cognitive and motor impairment. Decision‐making concerning the initiation of enteral (gastrostomy) feeding is complex, for many reasons. The Castang and Novartis Foundations convened a meeting to present research pertinent to the management of undernutrition in children with CP. The meeting was held in London on 5 and 6 February 2004. Methods. Twenty‐five participants representing the disciplines usually involved in decision‐making about the need for enteral feeding came from 11 countries on 4 continents. Conference participants had a mean of 16.5 years of experience treating undernutrition in children with CP. To ascertain the opinion of participants about management issues, a case‐based format was used. Cases were briefly presented and questions about them addressed important issues in decision‐making about instituting enteral feeding. Opinions were based on clinical experience and knowledge o...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840601016445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59778868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840701211219
A. Saad, A. Mostafa, K. Ibrahim
Purpose. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease related to smoking. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. The aims of the present study were to determine the pathogenic effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in COPD smokers, and the role of dietary antioxidant supplementation in the ventilatory function tests (VFT) of the COPD smokers.Design. This study comprised two phases. The first phase explored oxidative stress and antioxidant status and its relationship with the ventilatory functions of COPD diagnosed smokers. The second phase was a self‐controlled clinical trial to study the changes in the oxidative–antioxidant status and the VFT of the COPD smoking patients after dietary supplementation with freshly prepared juice for 30 days.Methods. Personal, occupational and medical questionnaires, a clinical examination, VFT, serum antioxidants (vitamin A, C and E and β‐carotene), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxid...
{"title":"Role of natural juice in improving the ventilatory functions of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"A. Saad, A. Mostafa, K. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/13590840701211219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701211219","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease related to smoking. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. The aims of the present study were to determine the pathogenic effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in COPD smokers, and the role of dietary antioxidant supplementation in the ventilatory function tests (VFT) of the COPD smokers.Design. This study comprised two phases. The first phase explored oxidative stress and antioxidant status and its relationship with the ventilatory functions of COPD diagnosed smokers. The second phase was a self‐controlled clinical trial to study the changes in the oxidative–antioxidant status and the VFT of the COPD smoking patients after dietary supplementation with freshly prepared juice for 30 days.Methods. Personal, occupational and medical questionnaires, a clinical examination, VFT, serum antioxidants (vitamin A, C and E and β‐carotene), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxid...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701211219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59779426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840701775403
S. Asagba, G. Eriyamremu
Purpose. The effect of oral cadmium toxicity on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and some haematological parameters was studied in Wistar albino rats fed a Nigerian-like diet (NLD) for 16 weeks. Design. Two groups of rats were fed with either a normal diet or a NLD. Half of the animals in each group received deionized water and the other half received 100 mg cadmium kg 21 in drinking water. The plasma and liver activities of AST and ALT were assayed. Methods. ALT, AST and haematological parameters were determined by standard procedures. Results. There was a significant (p,0.05) increase in plasma AST and ALT and a corresponding decrease in the same enzymes in the liver of rats fed with a NLD and those exposed to cadmium. The NLD significantly reduced haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell counts compared with the control diet and cadmium elaborated these effects. Conclusion. This study shows that the NLD may predispose rats to liver and haematological dysfunction in cadmium toxicity.
{"title":"Oral cadmium exposure alters haematological and liver function parameters of rats fed a Nigerian‐like diet","authors":"S. Asagba, G. Eriyamremu","doi":"10.1080/13590840701775403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701775403","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The effect of oral cadmium toxicity on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and some haematological parameters was studied in Wistar albino rats fed a Nigerian-like diet (NLD) for 16 weeks. Design. Two groups of rats were fed with either a normal diet or a NLD. Half of the animals in each group received deionized water and the other half received 100 mg cadmium kg 21 in drinking water. The plasma and liver activities of AST and ALT were assayed. Methods. ALT, AST and haematological parameters were determined by standard procedures. Results. There was a significant (p,0.05) increase in plasma AST and ALT and a corresponding decrease in the same enzymes in the liver of rats fed with a NLD and those exposed to cadmium. The NLD significantly reduced haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell counts compared with the control diet and cadmium elaborated these effects. Conclusion. This study shows that the NLD may predispose rats to liver and haematological dysfunction in cadmium toxicity.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"267-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701775403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59779946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840701709790
Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah, Uko Ek, F. Buseri, T. A. Jeremiah
Purpose. There is widespread subclinical (asymptomatic) malaria in our locality. The effects exerted by malaria on the body iron status remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malarial iron‐deficiency anaemia and the effect of asymptomatic malaria on iron status indicators.Design. A cross‐sectional prospective study.Methods. Seven parameters, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell (WBC) count, malaria parasite, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, and percentage transferrin saturation, were evaluated among 240 children of both genders, aged 1–8 years. Estimation of the variables was carried out using standard haematological, colorimetric and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay procedures.Results. Of the 240 children surveyed, 66 (27.5%) were parasitized with Plasmodium falciparum. The overall prevalence of iron‐deficiency anaemia (defined as haemoglobin <11 g dl−1, serum ferritin <12 ng ml−1 and transferrin saturation <16%) i...
目的。在我们地区普遍存在亚临床(无症状)疟疾。疟疾对机体铁状态的影响尚不完全清楚。本研究的目的是调查疟疾缺铁性贫血的患病率以及无症状疟疾对铁状态指标的影响。横断面前瞻性研究。对240名1-8岁男女儿童的血红蛋白浓度、白细胞(WBC)计数、疟疾寄生虫、血清铁、总铁结合能力(TIBC)、血清铁蛋白和转铁蛋白饱和度百分比进行了评估。使用标准血液学、比色法和酶联免疫吸附测定程序对变量进行估计。240例儿童中66例(27.5%)感染恶性疟原虫。缺铁性贫血(定义为血红蛋白<11 g dl - 1，血清铁蛋白<12 ng ml - 1，转铁蛋白饱和度<16%)的总体患病率是…
{"title":"Malarial iron-deficiency anaemia among asymptomatic Nigerian children","authors":"Zaccheaus Awortu. Jeremiah, Uko Ek, F. Buseri, T. A. Jeremiah","doi":"10.1080/13590840701709790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701709790","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. There is widespread subclinical (asymptomatic) malaria in our locality. The effects exerted by malaria on the body iron status remain incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malarial iron‐deficiency anaemia and the effect of asymptomatic malaria on iron status indicators.Design. A cross‐sectional prospective study.Methods. Seven parameters, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell (WBC) count, malaria parasite, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin, and percentage transferrin saturation, were evaluated among 240 children of both genders, aged 1–8 years. Estimation of the variables was carried out using standard haematological, colorimetric and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay procedures.Results. Of the 240 children surveyed, 66 (27.5%) were parasitized with Plasmodium falciparum. The overall prevalence of iron‐deficiency anaemia (defined as haemoglobin <11 g dl−1, serum ferritin <12 ng ml−1 and transferrin saturation <16%) i...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"232-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701709790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59779640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840601016338
I. Mysterud, D. Poleszynski
A mother is described who observed her babies becoming restless during nursing whenever she had eaten foods containing sugar. The problem ceased almost instantly when she adopted a sugar‐free diet. The extensive literature on sugar, physical and mental illness and behavioural problems was reviewed. This phenomenon has not been described previously.
{"title":"A nursing mother's sugar intake causing restless babies: A case history","authors":"I. Mysterud, D. Poleszynski","doi":"10.1080/13590840601016338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840601016338","url":null,"abstract":"A mother is described who observed her babies becoming restless during nursing whenever she had eaten foods containing sugar. The problem ceased almost instantly when she adopted a sugar‐free diet. The extensive literature on sugar, physical and mental illness and behavioural problems was reviewed. This phenomenon has not been described previously.","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840601016338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59778512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840601016478
F. Jonsyn-Ellis
Purpose. The analysis of urine samples of school children had indicated not only a high frequency of detection of aflatoxins during both seasons (rainy and dry), but also high concentration levels of these toxins. This created the impetus to test the sera of the same cohort of school children for the presence of these toxins, which would serve as a further indication of exposure to these carcinogens.Design. Analysis of the presence and quantity of aflatoxins and ochratoxins in serum samples of children from a single school.Results. The serum samples contained 57% aflatoxins and 19% ochratoxin A. Boys had a higher exposure rate than girls, as well as a higher concentration level of toxins, in some instances. However, these differences were not significant. The exposure rates and levels according to the age of these children were also not significant.Conclusions. Even though the exposure rates to aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were low compared with urine data from these children, the presence of these mycotox...
{"title":"Aflatoxins and ochratoxins in serum samples of school children","authors":"F. Jonsyn-Ellis","doi":"10.1080/13590840601016478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840601016478","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The analysis of urine samples of school children had indicated not only a high frequency of detection of aflatoxins during both seasons (rainy and dry), but also high concentration levels of these toxins. This created the impetus to test the sera of the same cohort of school children for the presence of these toxins, which would serve as a further indication of exposure to these carcinogens.Design. Analysis of the presence and quantity of aflatoxins and ochratoxins in serum samples of children from a single school.Results. The serum samples contained 57% aflatoxins and 19% ochratoxin A. Boys had a higher exposure rate than girls, as well as a higher concentration level of toxins, in some instances. However, these differences were not significant. The exposure rates and levels according to the age of these children were also not significant.Conclusions. Even though the exposure rates to aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were low compared with urine data from these children, the presence of these mycotox...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840601016478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59778960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840701343707
R. Waring, L. Klovrza, R. Harris
Purpose: There can be wide variation in individual responses to dietary components and also in detoxification of drugs and environmental compounds. This article seeks to explore some of the factors underlying these findings.Design: Glutathione‐S‐transferases (GST isoforms) link reactive chemical species with glutathione; they are polymorphic in human populations and are cytosolic and found in most tissues of the body. Their activity is modulated by dietary components, as is the activity of the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) isoforms which catalyse sulfation of drugs and endogenous compounds such as steroids. Fruit and vegetable cytosols were incubated with cytosols from rat and human tissues and the activities of GST and SULT enzymes were measured.Materials and methods: Fresh fruits and vegetables were homogenised in distilled water to give 10% solutions. These were then added to supernatants from human and rat tissues, prepared by homogenising the tissue in ice‐cold phosphate buffer and centrifuging. ...
目的:个体对饮食成分的反应可能有很大差异，对药物和环境化合物的解毒也可能有很大差异。本文试图探讨这些发现背后的一些因素。设计:谷胱甘肽- S -转移酶(GST异构体)将反应性化学物质与谷胱甘肽连接;它们在人类群体中是多态的，是细胞质的，存在于身体的大多数组织中。它们的活性受到膳食成分的调节，就像胞质硫转移酶(SULT)同型体的活性一样，后者催化药物和内源性化合物(如类固醇)的硫酸化。将果蔬细胞质与大鼠和人体组织细胞质共同培养，测定GST和SULT酶的活性。材料和方法:新鲜水果和蔬菜在蒸馏水中均质，给予10%的溶液。然后将它们加入到人类和大鼠组织的上清液中，通过在冰冷的磷酸盐缓冲液中匀浆并离心. ...制备
{"title":"Diet and individuality in detoxification","authors":"R. Waring, L. Klovrza, R. Harris","doi":"10.1080/13590840701343707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701343707","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: There can be wide variation in individual responses to dietary components and also in detoxification of drugs and environmental compounds. This article seeks to explore some of the factors underlying these findings.Design: Glutathione‐S‐transferases (GST isoforms) link reactive chemical species with glutathione; they are polymorphic in human populations and are cytosolic and found in most tissues of the body. Their activity is modulated by dietary components, as is the activity of the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) isoforms which catalyse sulfation of drugs and endogenous compounds such as steroids. Fruit and vegetable cytosols were incubated with cytosols from rat and human tissues and the activities of GST and SULT enzymes were measured.Materials and methods: Fresh fruits and vegetables were homogenised in distilled water to give 10% solutions. These were then added to supernatants from human and rat tissues, prepared by homogenising the tissue in ice‐cold phosphate buffer and centrifuging. ...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701343707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59779389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840701842260
G. B. Skinner
{"title":"Critique of proposed UK Guidelines for the use of thyroid function tests","authors":"G. B. Skinner","doi":"10.1080/13590840701842260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701842260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"275-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701842260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13590840701782706
A. Dean, W. Rea, L. Curtis
A 52‐year‐old male presented with aplastic anemia. Prior to presentation he had had two rounds of immunosuppressive therapy, which failed to induce remission. A diagnostic work‐up at the Environmental Health Center – Dallas revealed severe dysfunction of the immune and autonomic nervous systems, as well as toxic chemicals in his blood and nutrient deficiencies. Subsequent treatment included avoidance of air, food and water pollutants, rotation elimination diet, and subcutaneous injection therapy. Heat depuration therapy with massage and exercise were also used, as was oral nutrient supplementation. By week 2 of treatment, the patient was experiencing improved levels of energy and was able to exercise. By week 5, the patient's hemoglobin began to stabilize. After 2 months he returned home and continued to follow the environmental therapy protocol. By month 8 of treatment, the patient was weaned from blood transfusions. The patient has not required transfusion for 40 months and is in partial remission at th...
{"title":"Environmental therapy‐induced remission of aplastic anemia","authors":"A. Dean, W. Rea, L. Curtis","doi":"10.1080/13590840701782706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13590840701782706","url":null,"abstract":"A 52‐year‐old male presented with aplastic anemia. Prior to presentation he had had two rounds of immunosuppressive therapy, which failed to induce remission. A diagnostic work‐up at the Environmental Health Center – Dallas revealed severe dysfunction of the immune and autonomic nervous systems, as well as toxic chemicals in his blood and nutrient deficiencies. Subsequent treatment included avoidance of air, food and water pollutants, rotation elimination diet, and subcutaneous injection therapy. Heat depuration therapy with massage and exercise were also used, as was oral nutrient supplementation. By week 2 of treatment, the patient was experiencing improved levels of energy and was able to exercise. By week 5, the patient's hemoglobin began to stabilize. After 2 months he returned home and continued to follow the environmental therapy protocol. By month 8 of treatment, the patient was weaned from blood transfusions. The patient has not required transfusion for 40 months and is in partial remission at th...","PeriodicalId":88013,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"227-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13590840701782706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59780226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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