Abstract. Mahulette F. 2023. Microbiological and chemical characteristics of porkfish inasua, traditional fish fermented from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1-8. Porkfish inasua consisted of two types, i.e., with and without coconut sap. The research aimed to analyze the microbiological and chemical characteristics of two types of porkfish inasua. The microbiological characteristics are used to determine the role of microbes and product safety whereas the chemical characteristics, including proximate composition, amino acids, and fatty acids contents can determine the nutritional value for consumption. The sample of porkfish inasua was taken from traditional producers in Layeni, Teon, Nila, and Serua (TNS) Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. The microbiological analysis was done using the plate count method. From the measurement, the total number of halotolerant and coliform bacterial in porkfish inasua without sap were 6.2 log cfu/g and 6.1 log cfu/g, respectively. In comparison, the total of Bacillus and related genera in porkfish inasua with sap was 5.9 log cfu/g at the end of fermentation. The fat content of both types of inasua was around 17%. The total amino acids and fatty acids contents of porkfish inasua without sap at the end of fermentation were 15.31 and 57.08%, while porkfish inasua with sap were 15.85 and 63.81%, respectively. The dominant bacteria found in porkfish inasua without sap was Staphylococcus saprophyticus, while porkfish inasua with sap was Bacillus cereus. These two bacteria play a role in fermentation so porkfish inasua was safe for consumption. Generally, chemical characteristics of porkfish inasua with sap were better than those of porkfish inasua without sap, but statistically, it was not significantly different. This research can improve the quality of porkfish inasua as local fermented fish products in Maluku.
{"title":"Microbiological and chemical characteristics of porkfish inasua, traditional fish fermented from Maluku, Indonesia","authors":"Ferymon Mahulette","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mahulette F. 2023. Microbiological and chemical characteristics of porkfish inasua, traditional fish fermented from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1-8. Porkfish inasua consisted of two types, i.e., with and without coconut sap. The research aimed to analyze the microbiological and chemical characteristics of two types of porkfish inasua. The microbiological characteristics are used to determine the role of microbes and product safety whereas the chemical characteristics, including proximate composition, amino acids, and fatty acids contents can determine the nutritional value for consumption. The sample of porkfish inasua was taken from traditional producers in Layeni, Teon, Nila, and Serua (TNS) Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. The microbiological analysis was done using the plate count method. From the measurement, the total number of halotolerant and coliform bacterial in porkfish inasua without sap were 6.2 log cfu/g and 6.1 log cfu/g, respectively. In comparison, the total of Bacillus and related genera in porkfish inasua with sap was 5.9 log cfu/g at the end of fermentation. The fat content of both types of inasua was around 17%. The total amino acids and fatty acids contents of porkfish inasua without sap at the end of fermentation were 15.31 and 57.08%, while porkfish inasua with sap were 15.85 and 63.81%, respectively. The dominant bacteria found in porkfish inasua without sap was Staphylococcus saprophyticus, while porkfish inasua with sap was Bacillus cereus. These two bacteria play a role in fermentation so porkfish inasua was safe for consumption. Generally, chemical characteristics of porkfish inasua with sap were better than those of porkfish inasua without sap, but statistically, it was not significantly different. This research can improve the quality of porkfish inasua as local fermented fish products in Maluku.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"81 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Furqan M, Suranto, Sugiyarto. 2023. Population study of Cucurbita moschata based on morphological characters and isozyme banding patterns in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 30-38. Pumpkin is a tropical plant that benefits from its lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral contents. The morphological characters of pumpkins can be influenced by their genetics and environment. This research aimed to examine the relationship among 9 accessions of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne from 9 locations in Bima district, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province, Indonesia. The morphological characters of stems, leaves, and flowers were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and an ANOVA was used to look at the difference of leaf and flower characters. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with peroxidase and esterase was used to detect isozyme banding patterns. Morphological characters and isozyme data were analyzed using a UPGMA method with NTSYS version 2.0 software to construct a dendrogram. The results show evidence of the varied morphological appearance of C. moschata from the different locations. A total of 12 esterase bands and 10 peroxidase bands were detected from Wera2. An undetected band with Rf value of 0.567 was recorded, while a unique band with Rf value of 0.133 (peroxidase) was not detected. Undetected bands with Rf values of 0.645 and 0.726 of esterase were also recorded. A dendrogram showed three clusters of 9 accessions studied, in which Wera2 and Wera3 each stood alone, and a third large group was formed from the 7 remaining accessions. These results confirm the uniqueness of the Wera2 and Wera3 accessions. These results would be good information in determining a management strategy for improving the quality of pumpkins in the future.
{"title":"Population study of Cucurbita moschata based on morphological characters and isozyme banding patterns in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Furqan, S. Suranto, S. Sugiyarto","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Furqan M, Suranto, Sugiyarto. 2023. Population study of Cucurbita moschata based on morphological characters and isozyme banding patterns in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 30-38. Pumpkin is a tropical plant that benefits from its lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and mineral contents. The morphological characters of pumpkins can be influenced by their genetics and environment. This research aimed to examine the relationship among 9 accessions of Cucurbita moschata Duchesne from 9 locations in Bima district, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) province, Indonesia. The morphological characters of stems, leaves, and flowers were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and an ANOVA was used to look at the difference of leaf and flower characters. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) with peroxidase and esterase was used to detect isozyme banding patterns. Morphological characters and isozyme data were analyzed using a UPGMA method with NTSYS version 2.0 software to construct a dendrogram. The results show evidence of the varied morphological appearance of C. moschata from the different locations. A total of 12 esterase bands and 10 peroxidase bands were detected from Wera2. An undetected band with Rf value of 0.567 was recorded, while a unique band with Rf value of 0.133 (peroxidase) was not detected. Undetected bands with Rf values of 0.645 and 0.726 of esterase were also recorded. A dendrogram showed three clusters of 9 accessions studied, in which Wera2 and Wera3 each stood alone, and a third large group was formed from the 7 remaining accessions. These results confirm the uniqueness of the Wera2 and Wera3 accessions. These results would be good information in determining a management strategy for improving the quality of pumpkins in the future.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"89 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. W. Djuma, Sherly Dewu, N. Kambuno, A. Banunu, O. Silaen
Abstract. Djuma AW, Dewu S, Kambuno NT, Banunu A, Silaen OSM. 2024. Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 150-155. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern, impacting over two billion people worldwide. Among them, more than 240 million individuals develop chronic HBV infection, placing them at a high risk of developing severe liver conditions such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In 2013, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) emerged as one of the Indonesian provinces with a high incidence of hepatitis cases. Long-term therapy has proven effective in halting disease progression but may also lead to the emergence of resistant mutations. This study aims to analyze mutation patterns in the Polymerase (P) gene as indicators of viral resistance to nucleotide analogs (NUCs) in HBV patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang, a previously unreported case. The research was conducted at the Hematology-Oncology Medical Laboratory Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, RS. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Department of Internal Medicine, Jakarta. A total of 28 individual samples with positive Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were subjected to PCR sequencing, resulting in 23 positive samples. Mutation profiles were analyzed by comparing them with the reference sequence M54923. Sequencing of the Polymerase (P) gene region was successfully carried out for 14 samples. Among these, 12 (85.71%) exhibited nucleotide substitutions, while the remaining two (9.14%) did not show any mutations. The most prevalent substitution patterns in the P gene included rtQ228H, rtS127R, rtM135L, rtV243I, rtL257A, rtS127A, rtK323N, rtL326R, rtV214I, rtT312S, rtV281E, rtF290Y, rtM299I, rtQ306H, and rtK308N. No mutations associated with antiviral resistance were detected. The use of NUCs in chronic hepatitis B treatment is considered safe for patients at Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang Hospital.
{"title":"Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia","authors":"A. W. Djuma, Sherly Dewu, N. Kambuno, A. Banunu, O. Silaen","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Djuma AW, Dewu S, Kambuno NT, Banunu A, Silaen OSM. 2024. Polymerase gene mutation pattern in patients of chronic Hepatitis B treatment in Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 150-155. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern, impacting over two billion people worldwide. Among them, more than 240 million individuals develop chronic HBV infection, placing them at a high risk of developing severe liver conditions such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In 2013, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) emerged as one of the Indonesian provinces with a high incidence of hepatitis cases. Long-term therapy has proven effective in halting disease progression but may also lead to the emergence of resistant mutations. This study aims to analyze mutation patterns in the Polymerase (P) gene as indicators of viral resistance to nucleotide analogs (NUCs) in HBV patients at RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang, a previously unreported case. The research was conducted at the Hematology-Oncology Medical Laboratory Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, RS. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Department of Internal Medicine, Jakarta. A total of 28 individual samples with positive Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were subjected to PCR sequencing, resulting in 23 positive samples. Mutation profiles were analyzed by comparing them with the reference sequence M54923. Sequencing of the Polymerase (P) gene region was successfully carried out for 14 samples. Among these, 12 (85.71%) exhibited nucleotide substitutions, while the remaining two (9.14%) did not show any mutations. The most prevalent substitution patterns in the P gene included rtQ228H, rtS127R, rtM135L, rtV243I, rtL257A, rtS127A, rtK323N, rtL326R, rtV214I, rtT312S, rtV281E, rtF290Y, rtM299I, rtQ306H, and rtK308N. No mutations associated with antiviral resistance were detected. The use of NUCs in chronic hepatitis B treatment is considered safe for patients at Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang Hospital.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"88 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Herawati, M. Simarmata, Masdar Masdar, B. S. Purwoko, Miswati Miswati
Abstract. Herawati R, Simarmata M, Masdar, Purwoko BS, Miswati. 2023. Systematic assessment of salt tolerance based on morpho-physiological traits and genes related in inbred rice lines at the seedling stage. Biodiversitas 24: 6256-6267. Salinity stress is an abiotic constraint that limits rice productivity. Salinity-tolerant traits are very complex and involve many genes. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude how rice plants respond to salinity stress. This study aimed to investigate the genetic potential of 19 rice genotypes for salt tolerance as well as the quantitative impacts of varying salinity stress levels on a subset of the genotypes. Salinity tolerance is identified in two stages: assessing salinity stress in nutrient solutions using 0, 5,000 (EC 7.8 dS.m-1), and 10,000 ppm (EC 15.62 dS.m-1). Gene expression analysis detected genes controlling salinity stress tolerance using two pairs of specific primers: DST (Drought Salt Tolerance) and OsAPX (ascorbate peroxidase). The results showed that all lines could survive high salinity stress up to EC 7.8 dS.m-1. Biplot is reflected in K-means grouping the 21 rice genotypes into three major groups, namely salt-sensitive (1 genotype, 4.75%), moderately salt-tolerant (2 genotypes, 9.5%), and salt-tolerant-very tolerant (18 genotypes, 85.7%). The DST and OsAPX1 genes showed both genes were expressed under salinity stress, although some lines showed smears or even did not appear at all, namely in G3 and G7. This result is consistent with the PCA analysis, where genotypes G3 and G7 are categorized as moderately tolerant. This study reveals that screening at the seedling stage combined with marker-assisted selection can identify tolerant genotypes. Furthermore, conducting field trials on soil salinity with EC > 4 dS.m-1 is recommended to obtain salinity-tolerant lines as potential new varieties.
{"title":"Systematic assessment of salt tolerance based on morpho-physiological traits and genes related in inbred rice lines at the seedling stage","authors":"R. Herawati, M. Simarmata, Masdar Masdar, B. S. Purwoko, Miswati Miswati","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Herawati R, Simarmata M, Masdar, Purwoko BS, Miswati. 2023. Systematic assessment of salt tolerance based on morpho-physiological traits and genes related in inbred rice lines at the seedling stage. Biodiversitas 24: 6256-6267. Salinity stress is an abiotic constraint that limits rice productivity. Salinity-tolerant traits are very complex and involve many genes. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude how rice plants respond to salinity stress. This study aimed to investigate the genetic potential of 19 rice genotypes for salt tolerance as well as the quantitative impacts of varying salinity stress levels on a subset of the genotypes. Salinity tolerance is identified in two stages: assessing salinity stress in nutrient solutions using 0, 5,000 (EC 7.8 dS.m-1), and 10,000 ppm (EC 15.62 dS.m-1). Gene expression analysis detected genes controlling salinity stress tolerance using two pairs of specific primers: DST (Drought Salt Tolerance) and OsAPX (ascorbate peroxidase). The results showed that all lines could survive high salinity stress up to EC 7.8 dS.m-1. Biplot is reflected in K-means grouping the 21 rice genotypes into three major groups, namely salt-sensitive (1 genotype, 4.75%), moderately salt-tolerant (2 genotypes, 9.5%), and salt-tolerant-very tolerant (18 genotypes, 85.7%). The DST and OsAPX1 genes showed both genes were expressed under salinity stress, although some lines showed smears or even did not appear at all, namely in G3 and G7. This result is consistent with the PCA analysis, where genotypes G3 and G7 are categorized as moderately tolerant. This study reveals that screening at the seedling stage combined with marker-assisted selection can identify tolerant genotypes. Furthermore, conducting field trials on soil salinity with EC > 4 dS.m-1 is recommended to obtain salinity-tolerant lines as potential new varieties.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus Iyus Supiandi, Hendrikus Julung, Yudita Susanti, D. Syafruddin, Adriana Gandasari, S. Mahanal, S. Zubaidah
Abstract. Supiandi MI, Julung H, Susanti Y, Syafruddin D, Gandasari A, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S. 2024. Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 71-78. This indigenous knowledge remains largely undocumented, primarily in oral form and only possessed by specific individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to record the Zingiberaceae species systematically applied for traditional medicine by the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia through a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected from informants and recommendation sources through different stages including a literature study, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation, for subsequent analysis using descriptive methods. The results showed that Labian Ira'ang Village inhabitants utilize eight Zingiberaceae species, namely lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), lalamas (A. nieuwenhuizii), kunus baute (Curcuma zedoaria), kunus kuning (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), sakur (Kaempferia galanga), japa (Zingiber montanum), and laia (Z. officinale). Meanwhile, the tribe in Temau reported nine species, including lqngkuas (A. galanga), kunus baute (C. zedoaria), kunus (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), katimbang (Etlingera coccinea), randar (Hornstedtia havilandii), sakur (K. galanga), japa (Z. montanum), and laiya (Z. officinale). The results show the same types of plants used by people in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, although the processing methods and uses differ. The difference is due to different experiences in gaining knowledge about using plants as traditional medicine.
{"title":"Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia","authors":"Markus Iyus Supiandi, Hendrikus Julung, Yudita Susanti, D. Syafruddin, Adriana Gandasari, S. Mahanal, S. Zubaidah","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Supiandi MI, Julung H, Susanti Y, Syafruddin D, Gandasari A, Mahanal S, Zubaidah S. 2024. Applications of the Zingiberaceae in traditional medicine among the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 71-78. This indigenous knowledge remains largely undocumented, primarily in oral form and only possessed by specific individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to record the Zingiberaceae species systematically applied for traditional medicine by the Dayak Tamambaloh Tribe, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia through a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected from informants and recommendation sources through different stages including a literature study, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and documentation, for subsequent analysis using descriptive methods. The results showed that Labian Ira'ang Village inhabitants utilize eight Zingiberaceae species, namely lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), lalamas (A. nieuwenhuizii), kunus baute (Curcuma zedoaria), kunus kuning (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), sakur (Kaempferia galanga), japa (Zingiber montanum), and laia (Z. officinale). Meanwhile, the tribe in Temau reported nine species, including lqngkuas (A. galanga), kunus baute (C. zedoaria), kunus (C. longa), tantamu kuning (C. xanthorhiza), katimbang (Etlingera coccinea), randar (Hornstedtia havilandii), sakur (K. galanga), japa (Z. montanum), and laiya (Z. officinale). The results show the same types of plants used by people in Labian Ira'ang and Temau Villages, although the processing methods and uses differ. The difference is due to different experiences in gaining knowledge about using plants as traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"229 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinta Agustina, K. G. Wiryawan, S. Suharti, Anja Meryandini
Abstract. Agustina S, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S, Meryandini A. 2024. The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants. Biodiversitas 25: 107-115. Rumen microbes have an important role in the rumen. Anaerobic fungi are microbes needed in the forage digestion process in the rumen. The addition of microbes, particularly anaerobic fungi is essential to increase the digestibility of forage within rumen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in sheep rumen. The in vitro tests were carried out using the Tilley and Terry method, using elephant grass and rice straw as tested forage. Piromyces sp. (F1, and F3), Caecomyces sp. (F2, and F5), and Neocallimastix frontalis (F4) isolates from buffalo rumen were used as tested anaerobic fungi. The result showed that the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen significantly affected fiber digestibility (Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose) except lignin digestibility. The addition of N. frontalis had higher fiber digestibility which is 49.02% NDF digestibility, 42.11% ADF digestibility, 44.28% hemicellulose digestibility, and 38.60% cellulose digestibility. Furthermore, N. frontalis also significantly increased In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), In vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD), ammonium (NH3) production, total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production, and microbial population compared to Piromyces sp., and Caecomyces sp. In conclusion, anaerobic fungus type N. frontalis showed promising potential to be used as a ruminant probiotic due to its superior effect on fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population compared to Caecomyces sp. and Piromyces sp.
{"title":"The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants","authors":"Sinta Agustina, K. G. Wiryawan, S. Suharti, Anja Meryandini","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Agustina S, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S, Meryandini A. 2024. The addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in ruminants. Biodiversitas 25: 107-115. Rumen microbes have an important role in the rumen. Anaerobic fungi are microbes needed in the forage digestion process in the rumen. The addition of microbes, particularly anaerobic fungi is essential to increase the digestibility of forage within rumen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen to increase fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population in sheep rumen. The in vitro tests were carried out using the Tilley and Terry method, using elephant grass and rice straw as tested forage. Piromyces sp. (F1, and F3), Caecomyces sp. (F2, and F5), and Neocallimastix frontalis (F4) isolates from buffalo rumen were used as tested anaerobic fungi. The result showed that the addition of anaerobic fungi isolates from buffalo rumen significantly affected fiber digestibility (Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose) except lignin digestibility. The addition of N. frontalis had higher fiber digestibility which is 49.02% NDF digestibility, 42.11% ADF digestibility, 44.28% hemicellulose digestibility, and 38.60% cellulose digestibility. Furthermore, N. frontalis also significantly increased In vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), In vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD), ammonium (NH3) production, total Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production, and microbial population compared to Piromyces sp., and Caecomyces sp. In conclusion, anaerobic fungus type N. frontalis showed promising potential to be used as a ruminant probiotic due to its superior effect on fiber digestibility, fermentation, and microbial population compared to Caecomyces sp. and Piromyces sp.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"134 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NI Made Ernawati, Ayu Putu, Wiweka Krisna Dewi, I. P. Sugiana, Wayan Eka Dharmawan, Miftachudin Syaiful MA'RUF, G. A. Galgani
Abstract. Ernawati NM, Dewi APWK, Sugiana IP, Dharmawan IWE, Ma’ruf MS, Galgani GA. 2024. Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 156-166. Mangrove ecosystems are important in supporting diverse marine life, offering refuge, reproductive grounds, and sustenance to various species. However, mangroves possess distinct zoning patterns determined by dominant species due to environmental variations that significantly impact the biodiversity of biota, particularly gastropods. A study on the Indonesian island of Nusa Lembongan revealed distinct communities of coexisting gastropod species in each mangrove vegetation zone. We discovered 29 distinct species of mangrove gastropods, with the Sonneratia mangrove zone having the most and the Lumnitzera zone having the least. Certain species, including Amphidromus perversus, Cerithium adustum, and Echinolittorina sundaica, were detected in only one of the mangrove zones. In each mangrove zone, the composition of gastropod species changed depending on the substrate type, e.g., soil, mangrove trunks, or mangrove leaves. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values range from low to high diversity, and the community structure index values in mangrove zones vary. The evenness index varied by region, with Avicennia, Bruguiera, and Sonneratia having the highest index value. The findings indicate that mangrove vegetation zones are essential for maintaining diverse gastropod populations, with distinct composition and abundance patterns influenced by the distance of each mangrove zone from the ocean. This data may influence conservation efforts to preserve mangrove habitats and the diverse array of organisms that depend on them.
{"title":"Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia","authors":"NI Made Ernawati, Ayu Putu, Wiweka Krisna Dewi, I. P. Sugiana, Wayan Eka Dharmawan, Miftachudin Syaiful MA'RUF, G. A. Galgani","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d250116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ernawati NM, Dewi APWK, Sugiana IP, Dharmawan IWE, Ma’ruf MS, Galgani GA. 2024. Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 156-166. Mangrove ecosystems are important in supporting diverse marine life, offering refuge, reproductive grounds, and sustenance to various species. However, mangroves possess distinct zoning patterns determined by dominant species due to environmental variations that significantly impact the biodiversity of biota, particularly gastropods. A study on the Indonesian island of Nusa Lembongan revealed distinct communities of coexisting gastropod species in each mangrove vegetation zone. We discovered 29 distinct species of mangrove gastropods, with the Sonneratia mangrove zone having the most and the Lumnitzera zone having the least. Certain species, including Amphidromus perversus, Cerithium adustum, and Echinolittorina sundaica, were detected in only one of the mangrove zones. In each mangrove zone, the composition of gastropod species changed depending on the substrate type, e.g., soil, mangrove trunks, or mangrove leaves. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values range from low to high diversity, and the community structure index values in mangrove zones vary. The evenness index varied by region, with Avicennia, Bruguiera, and Sonneratia having the highest index value. The findings indicate that mangrove vegetation zones are essential for maintaining diverse gastropod populations, with distinct composition and abundance patterns influenced by the distance of each mangrove zone from the ocean. This data may influence conservation efforts to preserve mangrove habitats and the diverse array of organisms that depend on them.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"140 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140462191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prateep Panyadee, W. Pongamornkul, Tran VAN ON, Nghiem Duc Trong, Pham Thi Linh Giang, Lê Thiên Kim, Angkhana Inta, P. Sirisa-ard, S. Chansakaow
Abstract. Panyadee P, Pongamornkul W, Van On T, Trong ND, Giang PTL, Kim LT, Inta A, Sirisa-Ard P, Chansakaow S. 2024. The Mien people's ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plant use in Thailand and Vietnam. Biodiversitas 25: 79-96. This study investigates the ethnomedicinal practices of the Mien people in Thailand and Vietnam, focusing on the diversity of medicinal plant usage and its implications for healthcare and traditional knowledge conservation. Through semi-structured interviews with key informants during transect walks in local forests and home gardens, data on 199 medicinal plant species were gathered, including vernacular names, plant parts used, preparation, and usage methods. Analysis revealed a significant use of these species, with 41 utilized for various health purposes in both countries, treating ailments related to reproductive systems (45 species), body strengthening (29 species), and the digestive system (21 species). In ethnobotanical practices, there were distinct preferences for plant parts. In Thailand, stems (29%), leaves (26%), whole plants (18%), and roots (14%) were predominantly used, while in Vietnam, leaves (29%), stems (24%), whole plants (19%), and roots (11%) were more common. A Spearman's rank correlation showed a strong positive correlation (0.77, p <0.001) between these preferences in both countries. The study documented 81 ailments across 23 health categories. Thailand reported 45 ailments in 20 categories, and Vietnam 67 in 19 categories. Reproductive health, musculoskeletal health, and body wellness strengthening were pivotal, with strong correlations in healthcare practices between the countries (correlation 0.75, p <0.001). Reproductive Health mainly involved postpartum treatment, Musculoskeletal Health focused on pain relief and rheumatism treatments, and Body Wellness Strengthening used plants as tonics and for relaxation. This research underscores the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and the potential of traditional medicine in rural healthcare. It also highlights the scope and focus of the Mien communities' healthcare practices, providing valuable insights for future research and drug development.
Abstract.Panyadee P, Pongamornkul W, Van On T, Trong ND, Giang PTL, Kim LT, Inta A, Sirisa-Ard P, Chansakaow S. 2024.泰国和越南苗族药用植物民族植物学调查。生物多样性》25：79-96。本研究调查了泰国和越南苗族的民族医药实践，重点是药用植物使用的多样性及其对医疗保健和传统知识保护的影响。通过在当地森林和家庭菜园进行横断面调查，对主要信息提供者进行半结构式访谈，收集了有关 199 种药用植物的数据，包括方言名称、使用的植物部分、制剂和使用方法。分析表明，这些物种的使用量很大，其中 41 种在这两个国家被用于各种保健目的，治疗与生殖系统（45 种）、强身健体（29 种）和消化系统（21 种）有关的疾病。在人种植物学实践中，对植物部分的偏好各不相同。在泰国，主要使用茎（29%）、叶（26%）、全株（18%）和根（14%），而在越南，叶（29%）、茎（24%）、全株（19%）和根（11%）更为常见。斯皮尔曼等级相关性表明，两国的这些偏好之间存在很强的正相关性（0.77，p <0.001）。研究记录了 23 个健康类别中的 81 种疾病。泰国报告了 20 个类别中的 45 种疾病，越南报告了 19 个类别中的 67 种疾病。生殖健康、肌肉骨骼健康和强身健体是关键所在，两国在医疗保健实践方面有很强的相关性（相关性为 0.75，p <0.001）。生殖健康主要涉及产后治疗，肌肉骨骼健康侧重于止痛和风湿病治疗，而强身健体则使用植物作为补品和放松剂。这项研究强调了保护传统知识的重要性以及传统医学在农村医疗保健中的潜力。它还强调了苗族社区保健实践的范围和重点，为未来的研究和药物开发提供了宝贵的见解。
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Henri Henri, Arthur M Farhaby, O. Supratman, Wahyu Adi, Sigit Febrianto
Abstract. Henri, Farhaby AM, Supratman O, Adi W, Febrianto S. 2023. Assessment of species diversity, biomass and carbon stock of mangrove forests on Belitung Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6761-6769. Mangroves are highly productive ecosystems that provide important ecosystem services for people and nature, including climate change mitigation. This study analyzed species diversity, biomass value, and estimated carbon stocks in mangrove forest ecosystems on Belitung Island, Indonesia. The data collection method is carried out by creating a linear plot consisting of several circular subplots. Data analysis was carried out to determine the frequency, density, important value index, biomass (above-ground and below-ground biomass), and carbon content. The results of research on mangrove ecosystems on Belitung Island obtained ten species of mangroves dominated by Rhizophora apiculata Blume found in all research sites. The density of mangroves in the four locations (>1,500 trees/ha) is very dense. In contrast, the location in Juru Seberang (1,349 trees/ha) is categorized as moderate because it is the location of previous reforestation. Rhizophora apiculata has an important value index at the tree (161.24%) and sapling (149.24%) levels. Mangroves on Belitung Island have a total biomass value (225.08 t ha-1), estimated carbon content (112.54 t C ha-1), and carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption of 413.02 t CO2 ha-1. Sustainable coastal ecosystem management can significantly reduce carbon emissions from the land use sector and maintain ecosystem services in these coastal habitats, considering Belitung Island as one of the archipelago areas.
摘要.Henri, Farhaby AM, Supratman O, Adi W, Febrianto S. 2023.印度尼西亚勿里洞岛红树林的物种多样性、生物量和碳储量评估。Biodiversitas 24: 6761-6769。红树林是高产生态系统，为人类和自然提供重要的生态系统服务，包括减缓气候变化。本研究分析了印度尼西亚勿里洞岛红树林生态系统的物种多样性、生物量价值和碳储量估算。数据收集方法是创建一个由多个圆形子地块组成的线性地块。数据分析的目的是确定频率、密度、重要价值指数、生物量（地上和地下生物量）以及碳含量。对 Belitung 岛红树林生态系统的研究结果表明，所有研究地点都发现了以 Rhizophora apiculata Blume 为主的十种红树林。四个地点的红树林密度（大于 1 500 棵/公顷）都非常密集。相比之下，Juru Seberang 的红树林密度（1,349 棵/公顷）被归类为中等密度，因为这里以前曾进行过植树造林。Rhizophora apiculata 在树木（161.24%）和树苗（149.24%）两个级别上都具有重要的价值指数。勿里洞岛红树林的生物量总值（225.08 吨/公顷-1）、估计碳含量（112.54 吨/公顷-1）和二氧化碳（CO2）吸收量（413.02 吨/公顷-1）。考虑到勿里洞岛是群岛地区之一，可持续沿海生态系统管理可大幅减少土地利用部门的碳排放，并维持这些沿海栖息地的生态系统服务。
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S. G. Widyaswari, M. Metusalach, K. Kasmiati, N. Amir
Abstract. Widyaswari SG, Metusalach, Kasmiati, Amir N. 2024. Bioactive compounds and DPPH antioxidant activity of underutilized macroalgae (Sargassum spp.) from coastal water of Makassar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 176-182. This study focuses on determining the chemical component and potential of two species of macroalgae (seaweed) Sargassum spp., i.e., Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum ilicifolium from the coastal waters of Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Several macroalgae are highly cultivated and exported; however, these species of Sargassum remain underutilized due to limited studies on their potential. Brown algae (Phaeophyceae), especially Sargassum spp., contain secondary metabolites known for their health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects, inhibiting oxidative stress, lowering blood pressure, and improving the immune system. The investigation analyzes the nutritional components and bioactive substances in Sargassum spp. harvested from the Makassar City coastal waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Nutritional content was analyzed using proximate analysis. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method by Harborne method. Antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH method. Total phenolic/flavonoid content based on spectrophotometric method. The investigation reveals the primary chemical composition of Sargassum polycystum showing the presence of valuable secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, and reactive saponins. Sargassum ilicifolium contains flavonoids, phenol hydroquinone, tannins, and steroids. The IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of S. polycystum and S. ilicifolium were 51.34 ppm and 51.25 ppm, respectively. The compounds in these seaweeds might be beneficial in promoting health. These findings suggest the possibility of underutilized seaweeds as a natural source of antioxidants in food and non-food industries.
Abstract.Widyaswari SG, Metusalach, Kasmiati, Amir N. 2024.印度尼西亚望加锡沿海水域未充分利用的大型藻类（马尾藻属）的生物活性化合物和 DPPH 抗氧化活性。Biodiversitas 25: 176-182.本研究的重点是确定印度尼西亚南苏拉威西省望加锡市沿海水域的两种大型藻类（海藻）马尾藻（即多囊马尾藻和马尾藻）的化学成分和潜力。有几种大型藻类被大量种植和出口，但由于对其潜力的研究有限，这些马尾藻物种仍未得到充分利用。褐藻（Phaeophyceae），尤其是马尾藻，含有促进健康的次级代谢物，包括抗氧化作用、抑制氧化应激、降低血压和改善免疫系统。这项调查分析了从印度尼西亚南苏拉威西省望加锡市沿海水域采集的马尾藻中的营养成分和生物活性物质。营养成分采用近似分析法进行分析。根据 Harborne 方法进行了植物化学筛选。抗氧化活性采用 DPPH 法。总酚/类黄酮含量采用分光光度法。调查揭示了马尾藻的主要化学成分，显示出其含有生物碱、黄酮类、酚对苯二酚和活性皂苷等有价值的次生代谢物。Sargassum ilicifolium 含有类黄酮、酚氢醌、单宁和类固醇。S. polycystum 和 S. ilicifolium 的抗氧化活性 IC50 值分别为 51.34 ppm 和 51.25 ppm。这些海藻中的化合物可能有益于促进健康。这些发现表明，未得到充分利用的海藻有可能成为食品和非食品工业中抗氧化剂的天然来源。
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