Abstract. Metananda AA, Afrianto WF, Hasanah LN, Aini YS, Noorfajria AS. 2023. Ethnobotanical study on plant leaves for food wrapping in traditional markets of Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3803-3813. Currently, almost all items in our daily life are made from plastic, such as food packaging, household appliances, drink bottles, and plastic bags. The use of plastic packaging can harm the environment and human health. Plant leaves for food wrapping can be an alternative to reduce these impacts. Indonesia has many cultures, philosophies, and social activities related to using plant leaves for food wrapping. This study aimed to document public knowledge about plant leaves for food wrapping in the traditional markets of Wonosobo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study used the purposive sampling technique to select 41 informants for the interviews. A total of 10 plant leaves species belonging to 7 families were used for food wrapping by traders in the traditional markets of Wonosobo District. The ten species were Musa spp., Tectona grandis, Cocos nucifera, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus camansi, Ficus septica, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Cordyline fruticosa, and Alocasia macrorrhizos. These trees dominate plant growth forms in this study. The leaves of these different plants were used as food plates and wraps for multiple dishes. Efforts are needed to reduce plastic use in the traditional markets by making regulations to minimize or substitute with plant leaves.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical study on plant leaves for food wrapping in traditional markets of Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Arya Arismaya Metananda, Whisnu Febry Afrianto, L. Hasanah, Yasri Syarifatul Aini, Afnida Shoffati Noorfajria","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240718","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Metananda AA, Afrianto WF, Hasanah LN, Aini YS, Noorfajria AS. 2023. Ethnobotanical study on plant leaves for food wrapping in traditional markets of Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3803-3813. Currently, almost all items in our daily life are made from plastic, such as food packaging, household appliances, drink bottles, and plastic bags. The use of plastic packaging can harm the environment and human health. Plant leaves for food wrapping can be an alternative to reduce these impacts. Indonesia has many cultures, philosophies, and social activities related to using plant leaves for food wrapping. This study aimed to document public knowledge about plant leaves for food wrapping in the traditional markets of Wonosobo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study used the purposive sampling technique to select 41 informants for the interviews. A total of 10 plant leaves species belonging to 7 families were used for food wrapping by traders in the traditional markets of Wonosobo District. The ten species were Musa spp., Tectona grandis, Cocos nucifera, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus camansi, Ficus septica, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Cordyline fruticosa, and Alocasia macrorrhizos. These trees dominate plant growth forms in this study. The leaves of these different plants were used as food plates and wraps for multiple dishes. Efforts are needed to reduce plastic use in the traditional markets by making regulations to minimize or substitute with plant leaves.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Zulfadli, N. I. Wasistha, H. Oktarina, K. Khairan, R. Sriwati
Abstract. Zulfadli, Wasistha NI, Oktarina H, Khairan, Sriwati R. 2023. First report of Enterobacter sp. causing bacterial wilt on patchouli in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3814-3820. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth), is an essential commodity in Indonesia, with Aceh Jaya being one of its main producing regions. Several incidences of wilt disease symptoms have been reported in patchouli plantations in Ranto Sabon, Sampoianet Sub-district, Aceh Jaya District. This study aimed to isolate and identified the bacterial pathogen responsible for wilt disease in patchouli in Aceh Jaya. Various tests, including morphology characterization and molecular characteristics using 16s PCR primer, hypersensitive test, and pathogenicity test were conducted to identify the cause of disease. The isolation result revealed that Enterobacter sp. was responsible for invading the patchouli plant. Further testing was carried out on various culture media including Nutrient Broth, Tryptic Soy, Kings B, Sulfide Indole Motility, Sucrose Potato Agar, and Yeast Potato Agar. The highest colony density was found in Tryptic Soy media (2.002) after 120 hours of inoculation. The results of hypersensitivity and pathogenicity tests showed that Enterobacter sp. caused symptoms similar to those of natural infection. Among all the media, Sucrose Potato Agar media had the fastest incubation period, with 7 and 48 days after inoculation. Therefore, this is the first study to report the presence of Enterobacter sp. associated with bacterial wilt in patchouli in Aceh.
{"title":"First report of Enterobacter sp. causing bacterial wilt on patchouli in Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"Z. Zulfadli, N. I. Wasistha, H. Oktarina, K. Khairan, R. Sriwati","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240719","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Zulfadli, Wasistha NI, Oktarina H, Khairan, Sriwati R. 2023. First report of Enterobacter sp. causing bacterial wilt on patchouli in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3814-3820. Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth), is an essential commodity in Indonesia, with Aceh Jaya being one of its main producing regions. Several incidences of wilt disease symptoms have been reported in patchouli plantations in Ranto Sabon, Sampoianet Sub-district, Aceh Jaya District. This study aimed to isolate and identified the bacterial pathogen responsible for wilt disease in patchouli in Aceh Jaya. Various tests, including morphology characterization and molecular characteristics using 16s PCR primer, hypersensitive test, and pathogenicity test were conducted to identify the cause of disease. The isolation result revealed that Enterobacter sp. was responsible for invading the patchouli plant. Further testing was carried out on various culture media including Nutrient Broth, Tryptic Soy, Kings B, Sulfide Indole Motility, Sucrose Potato Agar, and Yeast Potato Agar. The highest colony density was found in Tryptic Soy media (2.002) after 120 hours of inoculation. The results of hypersensitivity and pathogenicity tests showed that Enterobacter sp. caused symptoms similar to those of natural infection. Among all the media, Sucrose Potato Agar media had the fastest incubation period, with 7 and 48 days after inoculation. Therefore, this is the first study to report the presence of Enterobacter sp. associated with bacterial wilt in patchouli in Aceh.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Runtuboi, Dina Arung Padang, Mariana H. Peday, Agustina Y S Arobaya, A. Ungirwalu, Amilda Auri, P. A. Dimara, C. Susanti, Novita Panambe, N. M. H. Benu
Abstract. Runtuboi YY, Padang DA, Peday MH, Arobaya AYS, Ungirwalu A, Auri A, Dimara PA, Susanti CME, Panambe N, Benu NMH. 2023. The indigenous art of orchid noken making by the Mee Tribe in the highland of Central Mountains, Indonesian Papua. Biodiversitas 24: 3881-3890. The eastern Indonesian Papua boasts remarkable biodiversity and valuable natural resources. Despite this, there has been a lack of scientific investigation into the sustainable utilization of these resources by the diverse ethnic groups residing in Papua. This paper discusses the traditional practice of the men of the Mee Tribe, who specialize in crafting a traditional bag called orchid noken. The study aims to document and preserve the local knowledge and expertise of the Mee Tribe regarding the use of plants in their craftwork. The field study was conducted in August 2014 in the village of Bomomani, located in the Dogiyai District of Papua Province. Qualitative methods, such as interviews and participatory observation, were employed to collect data from 18 key informants selected for their knowledge of the Mee Tribe's traditional practices of orchid noken making. The study uncovered that the Mee Tribe relies on nine species of wild plants, including orchids, ferns, and rattans, as the primary raw materials for crafting noken. Specific parts of these plants are carefully selected and incorporated into the crafting process, employing different processing techniques to achieve the desired colors and textures in the final product. The findings highlight the immense significance of the orchid noken in the daily lives of the Mee Tribe. This study demonstrates that noken is a product closely associated with the local knowledge and culture of the Mee Tribe. Additionally, by documenting and understanding the Mee Tribe's traditional practices, the research contributes to the conservation of plant diversity and the preservation of Papuan cultural heritage. This study ensures the continued transmission of traditional knowledge and practices to future generations, safeguarding the invaluable cultural heritage of Papuans.
摘要Runtuboi YY, Padang DA, Peday MH, Arobaya AYS, Ungirwalu A, Auri A, Dimara PA, Susanti CME, Panambe N, Benu NMH.2023.印尼巴布亚中央山脉高原米氏部落制作兰花诺肯的本土艺术。Biodiversitas 24: 3881-3890.印度尼西亚巴布亚东部拥有丰富的生物多样性和宝贵的自然资源。尽管如此，居住在巴布亚的不同民族对这些资源的可持续利用一直缺乏科学调查。本文讨论了米氏部落男子的传统习俗，他们专门制作一种名为 "兰花诺肯 "的传统包。研究旨在记录和保存米氏部落在工艺品中使用植物的当地知识和专长。实地研究于 2014 年 8 月在巴布亚省多吉耶地区的博莫马尼村进行。研究采用访谈和参与式观察等定性方法，从 18 位关键信息提供者那里收集数据，这些关键信息提供者被选中是因为他们了解米氏部落制作兰花诺肯的传统习俗。研究发现，米氏部落依赖九种野生植物（包括兰花、蕨类植物和鼠尾草）作为制作诺肯的主要原材料。这些植物的特定部分都经过精心挑选，并在制作过程中采用不同的加工技术，以达到最终产品所需的颜色和质地。研究结果凸显了兰花诺肯在米氏部落日常生活中的重要意义。这项研究表明，诺肯是一种与米氏部落的地方知识和文化密切相关的产品。此外，通过记录和了解米氏部落的传统习俗，这项研究有助于保护植物多样性和巴布亚文化遗产。这项研究确保了传统知识和习俗能够继续传承给子孙后代，保护巴布亚人宝贵的文化遗产。
{"title":"The indigenous art of orchid noken making by the Mee Tribe in the highland of Central Mountains, Indonesian Papua","authors":"Y. Runtuboi, Dina Arung Padang, Mariana H. Peday, Agustina Y S Arobaya, A. Ungirwalu, Amilda Auri, P. A. Dimara, C. Susanti, Novita Panambe, N. M. H. Benu","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Runtuboi YY, Padang DA, Peday MH, Arobaya AYS, Ungirwalu A, Auri A, Dimara PA, Susanti CME, Panambe N, Benu NMH. 2023. The indigenous art of orchid noken making by the Mee Tribe in the highland of Central Mountains, Indonesian Papua. Biodiversitas 24: 3881-3890. The eastern Indonesian Papua boasts remarkable biodiversity and valuable natural resources. Despite this, there has been a lack of scientific investigation into the sustainable utilization of these resources by the diverse ethnic groups residing in Papua. This paper discusses the traditional practice of the men of the Mee Tribe, who specialize in crafting a traditional bag called orchid noken. The study aims to document and preserve the local knowledge and expertise of the Mee Tribe regarding the use of plants in their craftwork. The field study was conducted in August 2014 in the village of Bomomani, located in the Dogiyai District of Papua Province. Qualitative methods, such as interviews and participatory observation, were employed to collect data from 18 key informants selected for their knowledge of the Mee Tribe's traditional practices of orchid noken making. The study uncovered that the Mee Tribe relies on nine species of wild plants, including orchids, ferns, and rattans, as the primary raw materials for crafting noken. Specific parts of these plants are carefully selected and incorporated into the crafting process, employing different processing techniques to achieve the desired colors and textures in the final product. The findings highlight the immense significance of the orchid noken in the daily lives of the Mee Tribe. This study demonstrates that noken is a product closely associated with the local knowledge and culture of the Mee Tribe. Additionally, by documenting and understanding the Mee Tribe's traditional practices, the research contributes to the conservation of plant diversity and the preservation of Papuan cultural heritage. This study ensures the continued transmission of traditional knowledge and practices to future generations, safeguarding the invaluable cultural heritage of Papuans.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Witiyasti Imaningsih, N. Ekowati, Salamiah Salamiah, N. Ratnaningtyas, Loekas Soesanto
Abstract. Imaningsih W, Ekowati N, Salamiah, Ratnaningtyas NI, Soesanto L. 2023. Isolation of endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili peppers of local South Kalimantan (Indonesia) varieties and in vitro tolerance to acidic environment. Biodiversitas 24: 3844-3852. Hiyung chili (Capsicum frutescens L) is a local chili from Hyung Village, Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia which has the advantage of being cultivated with an agricultural system in swampland, with high production and is known to have high capsaicin also. This advantage is thought to be related to its symbiosis with endophytic microbes, especially fungi. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify non-pathogenic endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili plants and determine their ability to tolerate acidic conditions in vitro. Results showed that a total of 41 endophytic isolates were isolated from different parts of chili plant. Of the 41 isolates four non-pathogenic endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf tissue. Based on morphological and molecular identification these four fungi were Pseudozyma hubeiensis DM3.1, Phoma sp. DT2.2P1, Letendraea sp. DM1.2 and Phoma sp. DT2.2P4. Four endophytic fungi showed different abilities in an in vitro preliminary study of acidic environmental stress tolerance. Only P. hubeiensis DM3.1 isolate had the daily diameter of colony not significantly different based on the Anova test (? :0.05, F: 1.092, P:0.372) both at pH 5, 4 and 3 and without pH treatment.
{"title":"Isolation of endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili peppers of local South Kalimantan (Indonesia) varieties and in vitro tolerance to acidic environment","authors":"Witiyasti Imaningsih, N. Ekowati, Salamiah Salamiah, N. Ratnaningtyas, Loekas Soesanto","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240723","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Imaningsih W, Ekowati N, Salamiah, Ratnaningtyas NI, Soesanto L. 2023. Isolation of endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili peppers of local South Kalimantan (Indonesia) varieties and in vitro tolerance to acidic environment. Biodiversitas 24: 3844-3852. Hiyung chili (Capsicum frutescens L) is a local chili from Hyung Village, Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia which has the advantage of being cultivated with an agricultural system in swampland, with high production and is known to have high capsaicin also. This advantage is thought to be related to its symbiosis with endophytic microbes, especially fungi. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify non-pathogenic endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili plants and determine their ability to tolerate acidic conditions in vitro. Results showed that a total of 41 endophytic isolates were isolated from different parts of chili plant. Of the 41 isolates four non-pathogenic endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf tissue. Based on morphological and molecular identification these four fungi were Pseudozyma hubeiensis DM3.1, Phoma sp. DT2.2P1, Letendraea sp. DM1.2 and Phoma sp. DT2.2P4. Four endophytic fungi showed different abilities in an in vitro preliminary study of acidic environmental stress tolerance. Only P. hubeiensis DM3.1 isolate had the daily diameter of colony not significantly different based on the Anova test (? :0.05, F: 1.092, P:0.372) both at pH 5, 4 and 3 and without pH treatment.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Azizah R, Rachmawati D. 2023. Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani). Biodiversitas 24: 3785-3795. Sheath blight disease that is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn generally leads to the reduction of rice yields. The application of silicate fertilizers can increase the resistance to pathogens. This research aimed to determine the effect of silicate fertilizer application on the physiological resistance responses of rice plants to R. solani, the primary pathogen responsible for rice sheath blight. This study used three rice cultivars with different resistance levels to sheath blight, including Pandan Wangi (resistant), Cisadane (susceptible), and IR64 (moderately resistant), which were treated with three doses of silicate fertilizer 0 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 400 kg ha-1 with sheath blight inoculation and without inoculation. The results showed that Pandan Wangi provided with 200 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer produced the highest reduction in the percentage of relative lesion height (RLH), and the application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer had a greater positive effect of reducing the lesion in Cisadane and IR64. In susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, Cisadane and IR64, higher doses of silicate fertilizer have a better effect on strengthening plant tissue during inoculation treatments. The application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer without inoculation significantly affected relative water content. In the moderately resistant cultivar IR64, the silicate fertilizer played a role in the physiological response by strengthening the plant tissue, as indicated by the increasing lignin content, sclerenchyma and cuticle thickness.
摘要.Azizah R, Rachmawati D. 2023.施用硅酸盐肥料的水稻（Oryza sativa）对鞘枯病（Rhizoctonia solani）的生理抗性反应。Biodiversitas 24: 3785-3795。由根瘤菌（Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）引起的鞘枯病通常会导致水稻减产。施用硅酸盐肥料可增强对病原体的抵抗力。本研究旨在确定施用硅酸盐肥料对水稻植株对水稻鞘枯病主要病原体 R. solani 的生理抗性反应的影响。本研究使用了对鞘枯病具有不同抗性的三个水稻品种，包括 Pandan Wangi（抗性）、Cisadane（易感）和 IR64（中度抗性），分别施用 0 kg ha-1、200 kg ha-1 和 400 kg ha-1 三种剂量的硅酸盐肥料，并接种鞘枯病病菌和不接种。结果表明，施用 200 千克/公顷硅酸盐肥料的 Pandan Wangi 的病害相对高度（RLH）降低率最高，而施用 400 千克/公顷硅酸盐肥料对减少 Cisadane 和 IR64 的病害有更大的积极作用。在易感和中度抗性品种 Cisadane 和 IR64 中，较高剂量的硅酸盐肥料在接种处理中对增强植物组织有更好的效果。在不接种的情况下，施用 400 千克/公顷的硅酸盐肥料会显著影响相对含水量。在抗性中等的栽培品种 IR64 中，硅酸盐肥料在生理反应中起到了增强植物组织的作用，表现为木质素含量、叶鞘和角质层厚度的增加。
{"title":"Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani)","authors":"Ratna Azizah, Diah Rachmawati","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240716","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Azizah R, Rachmawati D. 2023. Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani). Biodiversitas 24: 3785-3795. Sheath blight disease that is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn generally leads to the reduction of rice yields. The application of silicate fertilizers can increase the resistance to pathogens. This research aimed to determine the effect of silicate fertilizer application on the physiological resistance responses of rice plants to R. solani, the primary pathogen responsible for rice sheath blight. This study used three rice cultivars with different resistance levels to sheath blight, including Pandan Wangi (resistant), Cisadane (susceptible), and IR64 (moderately resistant), which were treated with three doses of silicate fertilizer 0 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 400 kg ha-1 with sheath blight inoculation and without inoculation. The results showed that Pandan Wangi provided with 200 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer produced the highest reduction in the percentage of relative lesion height (RLH), and the application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer had a greater positive effect of reducing the lesion in Cisadane and IR64. In susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, Cisadane and IR64, higher doses of silicate fertilizer have a better effect on strengthening plant tissue during inoculation treatments. The application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer without inoculation significantly affected relative water content. In the moderately resistant cultivar IR64, the silicate fertilizer played a role in the physiological response by strengthening the plant tissue, as indicated by the increasing lignin content, sclerenchyma and cuticle thickness.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139356532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gracia Lasma Rohana Sianturi, E. W. Trisnawati, Mamoru Koketsu, V. Suryanti
Abstract. Sianturi GLR, Trisnawati EW, Koketsu M, Suryanti V. 2023. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Britton's wild petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) flower. Biodiversitas 24: 3665-3672. Britton's wild petunia orkencana ungu (Ruellia brittoniana), which has purple flowers, is widely used as a decorative plant. Isolation and structure determination of the antioxidant compound of R. brittoniana flower were carried out. Extraction was carried out by maceration, and compound isolation was conducted by column chromatography. Structure elucidation was accomplished by FTIR, NMR, and MS Spectrometry. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) was isolated from the B1 fraction using chloroform: methanol (10: 1) eluent. Fraction A1, obtained from elution by chloroform: methanol (10: 0), consisted of 24 compounds. Two compounds were identified as 1-hexadecanol and 1-phenyl ethanone, which have antioxidant properties of fraction A1. Fraction B2 was eluted by chloroform: methanol (10:1), consisting of 20 compounds. A compound was identified as 2-methoxy phenol, contributingto the antioxidant properties of fraction B2. The total phenolic content of R. brittoniana flower extract was 1.033 mg GAE/g, and its total anthocyanin content was 16.97%. Fractions A1 and B2 possessed strong antioxidant activities due to their phenolic compounds. Apigenin has three -OH groups in the 4’, 5, and 7 positions; only the -OH group at the 4’ position contributes to its antioxidant activity. Therefore, apigenin has moderate antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. The modification structure of apigenin needs further study to enhance its antioxidant activity. This research shows that R. brittoniana flower can be a source of apigenin, also known to have anticancer properties.
{"title":"Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Britton's wild petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) flower","authors":"Gracia Lasma Rohana Sianturi, E. W. Trisnawati, Mamoru Koketsu, V. Suryanti","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sianturi GLR, Trisnawati EW, Koketsu M, Suryanti V. 2023. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Britton's wild petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) flower. Biodiversitas 24: 3665-3672. Britton's wild petunia orkencana ungu (Ruellia brittoniana), which has purple flowers, is widely used as a decorative plant. Isolation and structure determination of the antioxidant compound of R. brittoniana flower were carried out. Extraction was carried out by maceration, and compound isolation was conducted by column chromatography. Structure elucidation was accomplished by FTIR, NMR, and MS Spectrometry. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) was isolated from the B1 fraction using chloroform: methanol (10: 1) eluent. Fraction A1, obtained from elution by chloroform: methanol (10: 0), consisted of 24 compounds. Two compounds were identified as 1-hexadecanol and 1-phenyl ethanone, which have antioxidant properties of fraction A1. Fraction B2 was eluted by chloroform: methanol (10:1), consisting of 20 compounds. A compound was identified as 2-methoxy phenol, contributingto the antioxidant properties of fraction B2. The total phenolic content of R. brittoniana flower extract was 1.033 mg GAE/g, and its total anthocyanin content was 16.97%. Fractions A1 and B2 possessed strong antioxidant activities due to their phenolic compounds. Apigenin has three -OH groups in the 4’, 5, and 7 positions; only the -OH group at the 4’ position contributes to its antioxidant activity. Therefore, apigenin has moderate antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. The modification structure of apigenin needs further study to enhance its antioxidant activity. This research shows that R. brittoniana flower can be a source of apigenin, also known to have anticancer properties.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mukhammad Fauzi, Achmad Subagio, D. P. Restanto, Jay Jayus
Abstract. Fauzi M, Subagio A, Restanto DP, Jayus J. 2023. Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee. Biodiversitas 24: 3715-3722. Native civet coffee is a popular coffee bean, produced by the processes which undergo spontaneous fermentation in the civet digestive system. Since the native civet coffee has a higher selling value and its production depends on the uncontrolled civet life activities, the effort to produce a similar quality of this coffee product has been made by designing a dried starter culture isolated from civet caecum, and utilizing coffee cherry peels as the potential inducer and rice flour as the matrix for coating and immobilizing the isolates. The proportion of rice and coffee cherry peel flour mixtures was formulated to fabricate the dried starter culture by determining the viability and fermentability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) survive in the starter culture. Furthermore, the starter culture was analyzed for the number of microflora and identification of LAB, water content, glucose fermentability, total titrated acid production rate, and pH value. The most viable starter cultures were obtained from the formula of 80% rice flour and 20% coffee cherry peel flour exhibiting the number of microflora of 5.6 log MPN/g and fermentation capacity of 245.73 mg glucose/gh. The total titrated acid production rate was 91.07 mg lactic acid/gh, and a pH value of 5.33. The LABs survived in the starter culture were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. The quality of hot brewed roasted Robusta coffee prepared by fermentation using this dried starter culture was higher than that of unfermented one, as observed from their organoleptic quality. These findings indicate that the LAB isolated from civet caecum is potential to be developed as a dried starter culture in coffee cherry fermentation processes.
摘要：Fauzi M, Subagio A, Restanto DP, Jayus J. 2023.Fauzi M, Subagio A, Restanto DP, Jayus J. 2023.从用作生产罗布斯塔狸猫咖啡的发酵剂的干咖啡起始培养物中分离出的乳酸菌的鉴定。生物多样性 24: 3715-3722。果子狸咖啡是一种广受欢迎的咖啡豆，由果子狸消化系统中的自发发酵过程制成。由于原生果子狸咖啡具有较高的销售价值，而其生产又依赖于果子狸不受控制的生命活动，因此，我们设计了一种从果子狸盲肠中分离出来的干燥启动培养物，并利用咖啡樱桃果皮作为潜在的诱导剂，以大米面粉作为基质，对分离物进行包覆和固定，从而生产出具有类似品质的咖啡产品。通过测定启动培养物中存活的乳酸菌（LAB）的活力和发酵性，配制出大米和咖啡樱桃果皮粉混合物的比例，从而制成干启动培养物。此外，还对起始培养物进行了微生物菌群数量和 LAB 鉴定、含水量、葡萄糖发酵性、总滴定产酸率和 pH 值分析。从 80% 的米粉和 20% 的咖啡樱桃果皮粉配方中获得的启动培养物最有活力，其微生物菌群数量为 5.6 log MPN/g，发酵能力为 245.73 mg 葡萄糖/gh。总滴定产酸率为 91.07 mg 乳酸/gh，pH 值为 5.33。经鉴定，起始培养基中存活的 LABs 为副乳酸杆菌（Lacticaseibacillus paracasei）。从感官质量上看，使用这种干启动培养物发酵制备的热冲泡烘焙罗布斯塔咖啡的质量高于未发酵咖啡。这些研究结果表明，从果子狸盲肠中分离出的 LAB 有潜力发展成为咖啡樱桃发酵过程中的干启动培养物。
{"title":"Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee","authors":"Mukhammad Fauzi, Achmad Subagio, D. P. Restanto, Jay Jayus","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240708","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fauzi M, Subagio A, Restanto DP, Jayus J. 2023. Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from developed dried coffee starter culture used as a fermentation agent to produce Robusta civet coffee. Biodiversitas 24: 3715-3722. Native civet coffee is a popular coffee bean, produced by the processes which undergo spontaneous fermentation in the civet digestive system. Since the native civet coffee has a higher selling value and its production depends on the uncontrolled civet life activities, the effort to produce a similar quality of this coffee product has been made by designing a dried starter culture isolated from civet caecum, and utilizing coffee cherry peels as the potential inducer and rice flour as the matrix for coating and immobilizing the isolates. The proportion of rice and coffee cherry peel flour mixtures was formulated to fabricate the dried starter culture by determining the viability and fermentability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) survive in the starter culture. Furthermore, the starter culture was analyzed for the number of microflora and identification of LAB, water content, glucose fermentability, total titrated acid production rate, and pH value. The most viable starter cultures were obtained from the formula of 80% rice flour and 20% coffee cherry peel flour exhibiting the number of microflora of 5.6 log MPN/g and fermentation capacity of 245.73 mg glucose/gh. The total titrated acid production rate was 91.07 mg lactic acid/gh, and a pH value of 5.33. The LABs survived in the starter culture were identified as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. The quality of hot brewed roasted Robusta coffee prepared by fermentation using this dried starter culture was higher than that of unfermented one, as observed from their organoleptic quality. These findings indicate that the LAB isolated from civet caecum is potential to be developed as a dried starter culture in coffee cherry fermentation processes.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139358170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Mutter TY, Zylstra GJ, Huang X. 2023. Biotransformation of dioxins by assembling RW1 upper pathway gene cassettes in Escherichia coli. Biodiversitas 24: 3648-3656. Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1 (formerly known as Sphingomonas) is one of the few bacterial strains known to grow and metabolize dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin as a carbon source. The rare ability of strain RW1 to transform both substrates suggests the involvement of unidentified genes. Its genome sequence showed that RW1 has an extreme redundancy of ring cleavage dioxygenases and hydrolases. RW1 genes were assembled on an expression vector to provide additional experimental evidence that both substrates are metabolized in RW1 by two different sets of hydrolases. Three different combinations of the ring cleavage dioxygenase gene (dbfB2) with three hydrolases (dxnB1, dxnB2, and dxnB3) were cloned on an expression vector (pET30a) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the enzymes' roles were tested against DD and DF transformation. The results of the heterologous expression in E. coli showed that DbfB2 can transform both intermediates 2,2?,3-trihydroxybiphenyl (THD) and 2,2?,3-trihydroxybiphenyl ether (THDE) from DF and DD, respectively. The two hydrolases DxnB1 and DxnB2 are involved only in transforming the DF intermediate 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (2OH-HOPDA) into salicylate. The newly identified hydrolase DxnB3 is involved only in transforming 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (2OH-O-HOPDA) into catechol in the DD pathway. The study clarifies and answers the question regarding the rare ability of other organisms that can degrade dibenzofuran but can’t degrade dibenzo-p-dioxin. The results showed that the hydrolases involved in DD degradation differ from those involved in DF degradation, as previously known that the same hydrolases are involved in the two pathways. All genes are assembled on one cassette for the first time, which has never been done previously.
{"title":"Biotransformation of dioxins by assembling RW1 upper pathway gene cassettes in Escherichia coli","authors":"Thamer Y. Mutter, G. Zylstra, Xing Huang","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240701","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mutter TY, Zylstra GJ, Huang X. 2023. Biotransformation of dioxins by assembling RW1 upper pathway gene cassettes in Escherichia coli. Biodiversitas 24: 3648-3656. Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1 (formerly known as Sphingomonas) is one of the few bacterial strains known to grow and metabolize dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin as a carbon source. The rare ability of strain RW1 to transform both substrates suggests the involvement of unidentified genes. Its genome sequence showed that RW1 has an extreme redundancy of ring cleavage dioxygenases and hydrolases. RW1 genes were assembled on an expression vector to provide additional experimental evidence that both substrates are metabolized in RW1 by two different sets of hydrolases. Three different combinations of the ring cleavage dioxygenase gene (dbfB2) with three hydrolases (dxnB1, dxnB2, and dxnB3) were cloned on an expression vector (pET30a) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the enzymes' roles were tested against DD and DF transformation. The results of the heterologous expression in E. coli showed that DbfB2 can transform both intermediates 2,2?,3-trihydroxybiphenyl (THD) and 2,2?,3-trihydroxybiphenyl ether (THDE) from DF and DD, respectively. The two hydrolases DxnB1 and DxnB2 are involved only in transforming the DF intermediate 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (2OH-HOPDA) into salicylate. The newly identified hydrolase DxnB3 is involved only in transforming 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (2OH-O-HOPDA) into catechol in the DD pathway. The study clarifies and answers the question regarding the rare ability of other organisms that can degrade dibenzofuran but can’t degrade dibenzo-p-dioxin. The results showed that the hydrolases involved in DD degradation differ from those involved in DF degradation, as previously known that the same hydrolases are involved in the two pathways. All genes are assembled on one cassette for the first time, which has never been done previously.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fadhli, Muh Farid, M. Azrai, Amin Nur, R. Efendi, S. Priyanto, Andi Dirham Nasruddin, Fira Novianti
Abstract. Fadhli N, Farid M, Azrai M, Nur A, Effendi R, Priyanto SB, Nasruddin AD, Novianti F. 2023. Morphological parameters, heritability, yield component correlation, and multivariate analysis to determine secondary characters in selecting hybrid maize. Biodiversitas 24: 3750-3757. Direct selection for grain yield traits in maize (Zea mays L.) is often inefficient under specific conditions, necessitating the accurate determination of secondary traits to facilitate implementation and enhance selection precision. This study aimed to examine the morphological parameters, heritability, yield component correlations, and multivariate analysis of hybrid maize for determining potential secondary traits through indirect selection. The experimental design employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) comprising 17 genotypes, including 15 hybrid maize lines and 2 hybrid maize varieties (RK 457 and RK 57). The results revealed that weight of harvested cob character and yield traits demonstrated significant correlations with production. Correlation values were further analyzed using biplot analysis and path analysis to identify potential secondary traits. The principal component biplot analysis results indicated four characters as effective secondary traits for selection, namely weight of harvested cob, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, and moisture content. MSM53/BCY as a parent of JHD 05 displayed superior performance compared to the two commercial hybrid varieties. Based on path analysis results, the weight of harvested cob character exhibited the highest direct effect on production with a value of 0.93, indicating that weight of harvested cob is the best secondary trait for selection.
摘要Fadhli N, Farid M, Azrai M, Nur A, Effendi R, Priyanto SB, Nasruddin AD, Novianti F. 2023.在选择杂交玉米时确定次要特征的形态参数、遗传率、产量成分相关性和多元分析。Biodiversitas 24: 3750-3757.在特定条件下，玉米（Zea mays L.）谷物产量性状的直接选择往往效率低下，因此有必要准确确定次要性状，以促进实施并提高选择精度。本研究旨在考察杂交玉米的形态参数、遗传力、产量成分相关性和多变量分析，以便通过间接选择确定潜在的次要性状。实验设计采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），由 17 个基因型组成，包括 15 个杂交玉米品系和 2 个杂交玉米品种（RK 457 和 RK 57）。结果表明，收获的玉米棒重量特征和产量特征与产量有显著的相关性。相关值通过双图分析和路径分析进一步分析，以确定潜在的次要性状。主成分双图谱分析结果表明，有四个性状可作为有效的次要性状供选择，即收获果穗重量、产量、1000 粒种子重量和含水量。与两个商业杂交品种相比，作为 JHD 05 亲本的 MSM53/BCY 表现更优。根据路径分析结果，收获杆重对产量的直接影响最大，其值为 0.93，表明收获杆重是最佳的选育次要性状。
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R. H. Wibowo, S. Sipriyadi, W. Darwis, Delfiani Anggias Putri, S. Yudha, M. Mashudi, Noor Andryan Ilsan, P. P. Renta
Abstract. Wibowo RH, Sipriyadi, Darwis W, Putri DA, Yudha S, Mashudi, Ilsan NA, Renta PP, Masrukhin. 2023. Isolation, characterization and identification of sponge-associated bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds. Biodiversitas 24: 3616-3623. Sponges are marine biota that is currently in great demand as research object. Sponges also belong to a group of marine life that has symbiotic with bacteria. Bacteria that have formed a symbiotic relationship with a sponge may produce secondary metabolites that protect their host from pathogens. This study aimed to isolate, select, characterize and identify bacteria associated with the sponge Aplysina sp. that exhibit antimicrobial activity. The methods used in this study were bacterial isolation, screening, molecular identification, and observing their ability to produce antimicrobial compounds. A total of 16 isolates were isolated on the Sea Water Complete agar medium, and four isolates were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Four isolates with the most significant inhibitory clear zones were selected for further testing. The isolate APD10 showed the biggest inhibition zone. The molecular identification results showed that the APD3 and APD15 had genetic similarities with Bacillus subtilis, isolate APD9 had genetic similarities with Bacillus paralicheniformis, and isolate APD10 had genetic similarities with Bacillus velezensis. Two isolates (APD3 and APD15) gene sequences for the KS domain in PKS were related to polyketide synthase, while APD10 in KS was related to oxidoreductase. Two isolates (APD3 and APD15) gene sequences encoding domain A on NRPS had a relationship with a bioactive compound in the form of surfactin, APD9 was related to a bioactive compound in the form of bacitracin, and APD10 NRPS was related to adenylation.
摘要Wibowo RH, Sipriyadi, Darwis W, Putri DA, Yudha S, Mashudi, Ilsan NA, Renta PP, Masrukhin。2023。产生抗菌化合物的海绵相关细菌的分离、表征和鉴定。生物多样性24:3616-3623。海绵是目前研究对象需求量很大的海洋生物。海绵也属于一种与细菌共生的海洋生物。与海绵形成共生关系的细菌可能产生次生代谢物，保护宿主免受病原体侵害。本研究旨在分离、筛选、表征和鉴定具有抗菌活性的海绵Aplysina sp.相关细菌。本研究采用的方法是细菌分离、筛选、分子鉴定和观察其产生抗菌化合物的能力。在Sea Water Complete琼脂培养基上共分离到16株菌株，其中4株菌株能够抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌等病原菌的生长。筛选出4株具有最显著抑制区的菌株进行进一步试验。分离物APD10的抑制区最大。分子鉴定结果表明，APD3和APD15与枯草芽孢杆菌具有遗传相似性，分离物APD9与副青衣芽孢杆菌具有遗传相似性，分离物APD10与velezensis具有遗传相似性。PKS KS结构域的两个基因序列(APD3和APD15)与聚酮合成酶有关，而KS中的APD10与氧化还原酶有关。两个分离株(APD3和APD15)编码NRPS结构域A的基因序列与表面素形式的生物活性化合物有关，APD9与杆菌肽形式的生物活性化合物有关，APD10与腺苷化有关。
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