W. Ekyastuti, D. Astiani, H. A. Ekamawanti, Jamiat Jamiat
Abstract. Ekyastuti W, Astiani D, Ekamawanti HA, Jamiat. 2023. Macrofungal diversity in small-holder oil palm plantations on tropical peatlands. Biodiversitas 24: 3454-3461. Mushrooms play an important role in ecosystems and human life. They can be found in various places including in oil palm plantations. The aim of this study was to survey and identify the population of macroscopic mushrooms or macrofungi in small-holder oil palm plantations on tropical peatlands in Kampung Baru Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia using the field survey method. In the research area, a dam has been constructed to regulate the water level at 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm from the surface. Sampling was carried out in these four conditions. The study revealed the presence of 34 species of macrofungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. A groundwater level ranging from 40-60 cm from the surface was identified as favorable for macrofungal growth. Meanwhile, a groundwater level of 30 cm from the surface was found to be unsuitable for macrofungal growth in the peatlands. The level of macrofungal species diversity in small-holder oil palm plantations on the peatlands was determined to be moderate.
{"title":"Macrofungal diversity in small-holder oil palm plantations on tropical peatlands","authors":"W. Ekyastuti, D. Astiani, H. A. Ekamawanti, Jamiat Jamiat","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240642","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ekyastuti W, Astiani D, Ekamawanti HA, Jamiat. 2023. Macrofungal diversity in small-holder oil palm plantations on tropical peatlands. Biodiversitas 24: 3454-3461. Mushrooms play an important role in ecosystems and human life. They can be found in various places including in oil palm plantations. The aim of this study was to survey and identify the population of macroscopic mushrooms or macrofungi in small-holder oil palm plantations on tropical peatlands in Kampung Baru Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia using the field survey method. In the research area, a dam has been constructed to regulate the water level at 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm from the surface. Sampling was carried out in these four conditions. The study revealed the presence of 34 species of macrofungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. A groundwater level ranging from 40-60 cm from the surface was identified as favorable for macrofungal growth. Meanwhile, a groundwater level of 30 cm from the surface was found to be unsuitable for macrofungal growth in the peatlands. The level of macrofungal species diversity in small-holder oil palm plantations on the peatlands was determined to be moderate.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89586387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Alhasnawi AN. 2023. Genetic stability analysis associated with salt stress and salicylic acid in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) plants. Biodiversitas 24: 3601-3608. Salt damage to plants has been attributed to a combination of many factors like the accumulation of toxic metal ions or osmotic stress. This study attempted to understand the mitigating effects of the salicylic acid (SA) treatment on the salt-stressed seed germination ability of the fenugreek plants (Trigonella foenum-graecum); SA pre-treatment along with the salt tolerance capacity have also been tested. The effects of salinity and applied SA on biochemical traits and genetic stability of plantshave been estimated in this study. Respective molecular and biochemical changes occurring in plants as well as genetic analysis have been performed. The results indicated that exogenous application of SA(0.4 mmol) improved the biochemical traits in the seedlings. The evaluation of the genetic stability of the plants was also conducted. Whereas DNA marker-based genetic stability estimates are considered a reliable, accurate, and advanced technique.The Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) analysis has been performed with the help of 7 ISSRs primers. The 6 ISSRs primers generated 54 fragments in total, with an average of 4.5 bands for every primer. The ISSR did not reveal any polymorphic bands. Finally, it has been concluded that exogenous SA can be effectively used as a potential growth regulator for improving the biochemical traits and salinity stress tolerance of the fenugreek plants and stimulating its medicinal properties. Furthermore, ISSR markers were seen to be a good tool as potential diagnostic markers for testing the genetic stability of plants.
{"title":"Genetic stability analysis associated with salt stress and salicylic acid in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) plants","authors":"A. N. Alhasnawi","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240660","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Abstract. Alhasnawi AN. 2023. Genetic stability analysis associated with salt stress and salicylic acid in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) plants. Biodiversitas 24: 3601-3608. Salt damage to plants has been attributed to a combination of many factors like the accumulation of toxic metal ions or osmotic stress. This study attempted to understand the mitigating effects of the salicylic acid (SA) treatment on the salt-stressed seed germination ability of the fenugreek plants (Trigonella foenum-graecum); SA pre-treatment along with the salt tolerance capacity have also been tested. The effects of salinity and applied SA on biochemical traits and genetic stability of plantshave been estimated in this study. Respective molecular and biochemical changes occurring in plants as well as genetic analysis have been performed. The results indicated that exogenous application of SA(0.4 mmol) improved the biochemical traits in the seedlings. The evaluation of the genetic stability of the plants was also conducted. Whereas DNA marker-based genetic stability estimates are considered a reliable, accurate, and advanced technique.The Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) analysis has been performed with the help of 7 ISSRs primers. The 6 ISSRs primers generated 54 fragments in total, with an average of 4.5 bands for every primer. The ISSR did not reveal any polymorphic bands. Finally, it has been concluded that exogenous SA can be effectively used as a potential growth regulator for improving the biochemical traits and salinity stress tolerance of the fenugreek plants and stimulating its medicinal properties. Furthermore, ISSR markers were seen to be a good tool as potential diagnostic markers for testing the genetic stability of plants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75667360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Nuriadi, Sjam S, Gassa A, Dewi VS. 2023. Incidence and damage of the ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3592-3600. The attack of ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.) in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, was first reported in 2020 at the Wotu sub-district. However, there was no information on its intensity and the number of affected sub-districts. A survey and data collection were conducted from January to July 2021 by selecting a 1 hectare area from 7 out of the 11 affected sub-districts identified in the preliminary study. The parameters observed were attack intensity, the number of galleries in stems and branches, and the number of trapped ambrosia beetle. The results showed that the attack of the ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants in the 7 sub-districts ranged from moderate to severe intensity, causing damage to mature plants and seedlings. It was observed that the number of galleries was higher on stems than on branches. The intensity of attacks on cocoa plants aged 23-27 years is higher than the cocoa aged 8-15 years. Additionally, the obtained species of ambrosia beetle are Xylosandrus sp.1 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xylosandrus sp.2 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xyleborus sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Hypothenemus sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The results are expected to provide important information about the invasion of the ambrosia beetle and the prevention steps of its spread on cocoa plantations in South Sulawesi.
{"title":"Incidence and damage of the ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"Nuriadi Nuriadi, S. Sjam, A. Gassa, V. S. Dewi","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nuriadi, Sjam S, Gassa A, Dewi VS. 2023. Incidence and damage of the ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3592-3600. The attack of ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.) in East Luwu District, South Sulawesi Province, was first reported in 2020 at the Wotu sub-district. However, there was no information on its intensity and the number of affected sub-districts. A survey and data collection were conducted from January to July 2021 by selecting a 1 hectare area from 7 out of the 11 affected sub-districts identified in the preliminary study. The parameters observed were attack intensity, the number of galleries in stems and branches, and the number of trapped ambrosia beetle. The results showed that the attack of the ambrosia beetle on cocoa plants in the 7 sub-districts ranged from moderate to severe intensity, causing damage to mature plants and seedlings. It was observed that the number of galleries was higher on stems than on branches. The intensity of attacks on cocoa plants aged 23-27 years is higher than the cocoa aged 8-15 years. Additionally, the obtained species of ambrosia beetle are Xylosandrus sp.1 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xylosandrus sp.2 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Xyleborus sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Hypothenemus sp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The results are expected to provide important information about the invasion of the ambrosia beetle and the prevention steps of its spread on cocoa plantations in South Sulawesi.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78988575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyah Aryantini, Puji Astuti, Nunung Yuniarti, S. Wahyuono
Abstract. Aryantini D, Astuti P, Yuniarti N, Wahyuono S. 2023. Bioassay-guided isolation of the antioxidant constituent from Kaempferia rotunda L. Biodiversitas 24: 3641-3648. Kaempferia rotunda L. contains various phytochemical compounds with various biological activities and has been widely utilized in traditional medicine. This research focused on exploring bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract of Kaempferia rotunda using radical scavenging (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) bioassay-guided isolation. Initially, the powdered material of K. rotunda was macerated with 70% ethanol and filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to make concentrated ethanol extract. The concentrated ethanol extract was then triturated gradually with increasing polarity of solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol) to give n-hexane (HSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), ethanol (ESF), and residue (ISF) fractions. Each fraction was tested by DPPH bioassay with quercetin as the positive control to determine the active fraction. The active fraction (ESF) was further fractionated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) using a mobile gradient phase starting from ethyl acetate 100%, acetone 100%, and methanol 100% tomake3 sub-fractions (F1, F2, F3),respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging bioassay showed that F1 was the most active, containing bioactive compound detected by TLC visualized by DPPH. Based on spectroscopic and literature data comparison, this compound was isolated, purified, and identified ascrotepoxide. Crotepoxide displayed IC50of 38.91±0.59 (ABTS), 47.45±0.60 (DPPH),and 26.74±1.23 (FRAP) µg/mL.
{"title":"Bioassay-guided isolation of the antioxidant constituent from Kaempferia rotunda L.","authors":"Dyah Aryantini, Puji Astuti, Nunung Yuniarti, S. Wahyuono","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240665","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aryantini D, Astuti P, Yuniarti N, Wahyuono S. 2023. Bioassay-guided isolation of the antioxidant constituent from Kaempferia rotunda L. Biodiversitas 24: 3641-3648. Kaempferia rotunda L. contains various phytochemical compounds with various biological activities and has been widely utilized in traditional medicine. This research focused on exploring bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract of Kaempferia rotunda using radical scavenging (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) bioassay-guided isolation. Initially, the powdered material of K. rotunda was macerated with 70% ethanol and filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to make concentrated ethanol extract. The concentrated ethanol extract was then triturated gradually with increasing polarity of solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol) to give n-hexane (HSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), ethanol (ESF), and residue (ISF) fractions. Each fraction was tested by DPPH bioassay with quercetin as the positive control to determine the active fraction. The active fraction (ESF) was further fractionated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) using a mobile gradient phase starting from ethyl acetate 100%, acetone 100%, and methanol 100% tomake3 sub-fractions (F1, F2, F3),respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging bioassay showed that F1 was the most active, containing bioactive compound detected by TLC visualized by DPPH. Based on spectroscopic and literature data comparison, this compound was isolated, purified, and identified ascrotepoxide. Crotepoxide displayed IC50of 38.91±0.59 (ABTS), 47.45±0.60 (DPPH),and 26.74±1.23 (FRAP) µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89371950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurlaili Habibi Danata, N. Aini, Cicik Udayana, A. Setiawan, W. Yamika, Ryo Prambudi
Abstract. Danata NH, Aini N, Udayana C, Setiawan A, Yamika WSD, Prambudi R. 2023. Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions. Biodiversitas 24: 3574-3582. Cymbopogon nardus L. is a perennial aromatic plant distinguished for producing one of the world's most vital essential oils, citronella. This plant requires abounding sunlight to maximize the growth and quality of essential oils. The development of citronella can be implemented with an agroforestry system as an intercrop. However, the deterring factor restricting the propagation of citronella as an intercrop in agroforestry systems is the unavailability of adequate sunlight, consequently deteriorating the growth and quality of essential oils. This study investigated three varieties of C. nardus, i.e., Seraiwangi 1, Sitrona 1 Agribun, and Sitrona 2 Agribun, at distinctive shade proportions, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% shade. The examined parameters included the growth, physiological responses, yield, and quality of essential oils, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. Results demonstrate that the various types and shade percentages affect most examined parameters. The Seraiwangi 1 variety grown under 0% and 25% shade had nearly the same value, while the Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties continued to experience declines ranging from 0%, 25%, 50%, to 75%. Nevertheless, shade extensively influences physiological responses such as photosynthetic rate and stomata width, and contrastingly there was a cipher effect on the stomata length. In the yield parameters, the oil concentration declined with the increase in shading percentage. The Seraiwangi 1 delivered superior quality of citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol compared to Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties.
{"title":"Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions","authors":"Nurlaili Habibi Danata, N. Aini, Cicik Udayana, A. Setiawan, W. Yamika, Ryo Prambudi","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240657","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Danata NH, Aini N, Udayana C, Setiawan A, Yamika WSD, Prambudi R. 2023. Diversity characterization of three varieties of Cymbopogon nardus under different shade conditions. Biodiversitas 24: 3574-3582. Cymbopogon nardus L. is a perennial aromatic plant distinguished for producing one of the world's most vital essential oils, citronella. This plant requires abounding sunlight to maximize the growth and quality of essential oils. The development of citronella can be implemented with an agroforestry system as an intercrop. However, the deterring factor restricting the propagation of citronella as an intercrop in agroforestry systems is the unavailability of adequate sunlight, consequently deteriorating the growth and quality of essential oils. This study investigated three varieties of C. nardus, i.e., Seraiwangi 1, Sitrona 1 Agribun, and Sitrona 2 Agribun, at distinctive shade proportions, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% shade. The examined parameters included the growth, physiological responses, yield, and quality of essential oils, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. Results demonstrate that the various types and shade percentages affect most examined parameters. The Seraiwangi 1 variety grown under 0% and 25% shade had nearly the same value, while the Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties continued to experience declines ranging from 0%, 25%, 50%, to 75%. Nevertheless, shade extensively influences physiological responses such as photosynthetic rate and stomata width, and contrastingly there was a cipher effect on the stomata length. In the yield parameters, the oil concentration declined with the increase in shading percentage. The Seraiwangi 1 delivered superior quality of citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol compared to Sitrona 1 Agribun and Sitrona 2 Agribun varieties.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87639519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayyidah Afridatul Ishthifaiyyah, M. Syukur, T. Trikoesoemaningtyas, A. Maharijaya, S. Marwiyah
Abstract. Ishthifaiyyah SA, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Maharijaya A, Marwiyah S. 2023. Yield-related traits and proximate content of winged bean for seed production purpose. Biodiversitas 24: 3609-3615. The winged bean is an underutilized plant that can produce valuable seeds with great nutrient content. Meanwhile, the lack of improved genotypes limits its large-scale cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the flowering and maturity time of winged bean lines and elaborate on various traits correlated with the seed yield. We also performed the seeds' proximate analysis to unravel each line's nutrient content. This study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, between April and October 2020. Hybridization between two distinct parents had successfully developed early flowering winged bean genotypes in its progeny. The H4P and L3 had the highest seed yield (1.40 t ha-1) with brown and purple seed colors, respectively. The dried pod weight (0.56), young pod weight (0.36), and the number of dried pods (0.39) had a positive direct effect yet were still smaller than their correlation coefficient. Thus, the selection process to obtain high-yielding winged bean genotypes can be conducted simultaneously through those traits. The evaluated winged bean genotypes had various fat and protein content ranging from 11.10% to 16.48% and 28.81% to 33.45%, respectively. This information can be used as future selection criteria for the winged bean breeding program.
摘要刘国强，刘国强，刘国强，刘国强，刘国强。2023。有翅豆制种用产量相关性状及近似值。生物多样性24:3609-3615。翼豆是一种未被充分利用的植物，它可以生产出营养含量高的有价值的种子。同时，改良基因型的缺乏限制了其大规模种植。本研究旨在评价双翅豆系的开花和成熟时间，并阐述与种子产量相关的各种性状。我们还进行了种子的近似分析，以揭示每条线的营养含量。这项研究于2020年4月至10月在印度尼西亚茂物进行。两个不同亲本之间的杂交成功地在其后代中发育了早花的有翼豆基因型。H4P和L3籽粒产量最高(1.40 t hm -1)，籽粒颜色分别为棕色和紫色。干荚果重(0.56)、幼荚果重(0.36)和干荚果数(0.39)对玉米产量有直接正影响，但均小于相关系数。因此，获得高产翼豆基因型的选择过程可以通过这些性状同时进行。不同基因型的豆角脂肪和蛋白质含量分别在11.10% ~ 16.48%和28.81% ~ 33.45%之间。这些信息可作为未来豇豆育种计划的选择标准。
{"title":"Yield-related traits and proximate content of winged bean for seed production purpose","authors":"Sayyidah Afridatul Ishthifaiyyah, M. Syukur, T. Trikoesoemaningtyas, A. Maharijaya, S. Marwiyah","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240661","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Abstract. Ishthifaiyyah SA, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Maharijaya A, Marwiyah S. 2023. Yield-related traits and proximate content of winged bean for seed production purpose. Biodiversitas 24: 3609-3615. The winged bean is an underutilized plant that can produce valuable seeds with great nutrient content. Meanwhile, the lack of improved genotypes limits its large-scale cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the flowering and maturity time of winged bean lines and elaborate on various traits correlated with the seed yield. We also performed the seeds' proximate analysis to unravel each line's nutrient content. This study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, between April and October 2020. Hybridization between two distinct parents had successfully developed early flowering winged bean genotypes in its progeny. The H4P and L3 had the highest seed yield (1.40 t ha-1) with brown and purple seed colors, respectively. The dried pod weight (0.56), young pod weight (0.36), and the number of dried pods (0.39) had a positive direct effect yet were still smaller than their correlation coefficient. Thus, the selection process to obtain high-yielding winged bean genotypes can be conducted simultaneously through those traits. The evaluated winged bean genotypes had various fat and protein content ranging from 11.10% to 16.48% and 28.81% to 33.45%, respectively. This information can be used as future selection criteria for the winged bean breeding program. \u0000","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88450989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Jaber AS. 2023. Evaluating the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi isolated from children suffering from severe diarrhea using molecular genetic techniques. Biodiversitas 24: 3543-3549. Salmonella enterica subsp. serotype Typhi is the bacteria that causes typhoid fever. Although its prevalence has significantly decreased in affluent nations, it continues to be a leading cause of illness and mortality in emerging nations. Because of changes in ecology, eating habits, and agricultural and food production techniques, Salmonella infections have increased in frequency in industrialized countries. This study aimed to use qualitative RT-PCR (based on the ttr gene) and conventional PCR to measure the frequency of Salmonella typhi in Iraqi children with chronic diarrhea (based on PagN and TolC genes). This study included 100 stool samples collected from children suffering from continuous diarrhea. Those samples were inoculated on CHROM-agar and incubated 37°C for 18-24 hours, then Salmonella was identified using a Vitek 2 compact system. DNA has been extracted, and qRT-PCR has been done to detect Salmonella sp. by the amplification of the ttr gene. Then PCR also done to amplify TolC and PagN genes. The amplified products then sequenced to reveal mutations within the amplified regions. The results of PagN gene showed 41 samples were positive, and 40 samples were positive for TolC. Results of qRT-PCR according to the ttr gene amplification showed 38 samples positive. The blood group O+ showed a higher number of positive samples (13), and males showed higher positive samples than females (23 and 15, respectively). Sequencing revealed various number of mutations within the amplified regions of both PagN and TolC in the samples which isolated from children with the longest period of illness.
{"title":"Evaluating the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi isolated from children suffering from severe diarrhea using molecular genetic techniques","authors":"Amany Shakeir Jaber","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240653","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Jaber AS. 2023. Evaluating the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi isolated from children suffering from severe diarrhea using molecular genetic techniques. Biodiversitas 24: 3543-3549. Salmonella enterica subsp. serotype Typhi is the bacteria that causes typhoid fever. Although its prevalence has significantly decreased in affluent nations, it continues to be a leading cause of illness and mortality in emerging nations. Because of changes in ecology, eating habits, and agricultural and food production techniques, Salmonella infections have increased in frequency in industrialized countries. This study aimed to use qualitative RT-PCR (based on the ttr gene) and conventional PCR to measure the frequency of Salmonella typhi in Iraqi children with chronic diarrhea (based on PagN and TolC genes). This study included 100 stool samples collected from children suffering from continuous diarrhea. Those samples were inoculated on CHROM-agar and incubated 37°C for 18-24 hours, then Salmonella was identified using a Vitek 2 compact system. DNA has been extracted, and qRT-PCR has been done to detect Salmonella sp. by the amplification of the ttr gene. Then PCR also done to amplify TolC and PagN genes. The amplified products then sequenced to reveal mutations within the amplified regions. The results of PagN gene showed 41 samples were positive, and 40 samples were positive for TolC. Results of qRT-PCR according to the ttr gene amplification showed 38 samples positive. The blood group O+ showed a higher number of positive samples (13), and males showed higher positive samples than females (23 and 15, respectively). Sequencing revealed various number of mutations within the amplified regions of both PagN and TolC in the samples which isolated from children with the longest period of illness.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76929265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Bautista NS, Valentino MJG. 2023. Symbiotic propagation of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. with selected saprophytic Basidiomycota. Biodiversitas 24: 3519-3527. Compatible mycorrhizal association of orchids with fungi is required for the germination and seedling development. In the present study, the mycorrhizal association of Dendrobium bigibbum with three species of saprophytic Basidiomycota, in particular, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus tigrinus, and Pleurotus florida were evaluated. Co-culture technique was carried out during rhizoid and seedling development of D. bigibbum. Results revealed that the growth of D. bigibbum in rhizoid and seedling stages was enhanced when symbiotically grown with V. volvacea and L. tigrinus. D. bigibbum grown with V. volvacea had the highest mean length of the 1st leaf during the rhizoid stage. In seedling stage, V. volvacea and L. tigrinus significantly increased the growth of D. bigibbum in terms of length of 2nd leaf and fresh weight of the seedlings. For the length of root, increase in mean length was observed only in D. bigibbum co-cultured with L. tigrinus. In addition, the presence of peloton colonization was observed both in rhizoid and seedling stages. Thus, both V. volvacea and L. tigrinus formed compatible mycorrhizal association with D. bigibbum.
{"title":"Symbiotic propagation of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. with selected saprophytic Basidiomycota","authors":"N. S. Bautista, M. J. G. Valentino","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bautista NS, Valentino MJG. 2023. Symbiotic propagation of Dendrobium bigibbum Lindl. with selected saprophytic Basidiomycota. Biodiversitas 24: 3519-3527. Compatible mycorrhizal association of orchids with fungi is required for the germination and seedling development. In the present study, the mycorrhizal association of Dendrobium bigibbum with three species of saprophytic Basidiomycota, in particular, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus tigrinus, and Pleurotus florida were evaluated. Co-culture technique was carried out during rhizoid and seedling development of D. bigibbum. Results revealed that the growth of D. bigibbum in rhizoid and seedling stages was enhanced when symbiotically grown with V. volvacea and L. tigrinus. D. bigibbum grown with V. volvacea had the highest mean length of the 1st leaf during the rhizoid stage. In seedling stage, V. volvacea and L. tigrinus significantly increased the growth of D. bigibbum in terms of length of 2nd leaf and fresh weight of the seedlings. For the length of root, increase in mean length was observed only in D. bigibbum co-cultured with L. tigrinus. In addition, the presence of peloton colonization was observed both in rhizoid and seedling stages. Thus, both V. volvacea and L. tigrinus formed compatible mycorrhizal association with D. bigibbum.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79212275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Botha J, Haussmann NS. 2023. Comparing bird sightings between grassland and marsh habitats at a rehabilitated wetland in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 24: 3536-3542. Wetlands, including rehabilitated wetlands, form important feeding and nesting sites for a large range of bird species. The restoration of degraded wetlands is therefore important from a bird biodiversity perspective and bird surveys are needed in such systems. However, bird counts typically differ both spatially (e.g., between different habitats within the wetland) and temporally (e.g., between different seasons or times of the day). This study compared bird sightings at a rehabilitated wetland in the Gauteng Province of South Africa between marsh and grassland sections of the wetland and between morning and afternoon sessions. A total of 47 bird species were sighted at the wetland, including a number of species that have been listed as declining. Whereas more species were sighted in the marsh habitats of the wetland than the grassland habitats, differences in the number of sightings between habitats depended on the time of day. Thus, although there were no differences in the number of sightings between morning and afternoon sessions at the marshes, the number of sightings was higher in the afternoons than in the mornings at the grasslands. We therefore, first caution against comparing bird counts, in general, between studies conducted at different times of the day. More importantly, however, our results highlight the importance of not only conserving natural, pristine wetlands but also rehabilitated wetlands to create habitats for declining bird populations in transformed environments such as urban settings.
{"title":"Comparing bird sightings between grassland and marsh habitats at a rehabilitated wetland in Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"J. Botha, N. S. Haussmann","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240652","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Botha J, Haussmann NS. 2023. Comparing bird sightings between grassland and marsh habitats at a rehabilitated wetland in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 24: 3536-3542. Wetlands, including rehabilitated wetlands, form important feeding and nesting sites for a large range of bird species. The restoration of degraded wetlands is therefore important from a bird biodiversity perspective and bird surveys are needed in such systems. However, bird counts typically differ both spatially (e.g., between different habitats within the wetland) and temporally (e.g., between different seasons or times of the day). This study compared bird sightings at a rehabilitated wetland in the Gauteng Province of South Africa between marsh and grassland sections of the wetland and between morning and afternoon sessions. A total of 47 bird species were sighted at the wetland, including a number of species that have been listed as declining. Whereas more species were sighted in the marsh habitats of the wetland than the grassland habitats, differences in the number of sightings between habitats depended on the time of day. Thus, although there were no differences in the number of sightings between morning and afternoon sessions at the marshes, the number of sightings was higher in the afternoons than in the mornings at the grasslands. We therefore, first caution against comparing bird counts, in general, between studies conducted at different times of the day. More importantly, however, our results highlight the importance of not only conserving natural, pristine wetlands but also rehabilitated wetlands to create habitats for declining bird populations in transformed environments such as urban settings.","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86501893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Simarmata, Reko Apriantonedi, N. Setyowati, H. Pujiwati
Abstract. Simarmata M, Apriantonedi R, Setyowati N, Pujiwati H. 2023. Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3633-3638.Weed abundances dominated by goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.) are a major constraint in the citrus fields of Rejang Lebong District, Province of Bengkulu, Indonesia. The objectives of this research were to investigate weed control methods applied by citrus farmers, analyze the dominant weed, and study the possibility of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass. A survey was conducted by interviewing three citrus farmers regarding weed control measures, followed by weed assessment in 10 sampling plots of each location. Then, field trials were conducted to evaluate glyphosate efficacy on weeds in the three locations of citrus fields. The survey found that glyphosate has been applied for weed control up to 4 L ha-1( 1.92 kg a.i. ha-1 of isopropyl amine salt) 2 to 3 times a year, and the farmers found that some weeds were resistant to glyphosate. Weed assessment showed that goosegrass is a dominant species with a summed dominance ratio (SDR) of 67.1, 70.8, and 79.0% at each location, respectively. The field trials observed that the levels of survival weeds in the experimental plots treated with glyphosate at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 L ha-1were 94-95%, 83-85.3%, 70-73.3%, 20-29%, and 10-12.3%, respectively. Goosegrass was identified as the survivor's weeds. The glyphosate doses (LD50) required to eradicate 50% of the weed populations ranged between 2 and 4 L ha-1 at the three sites. This study proved that goosegrass in the citrus groves of Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu, is resistant to glyphosate.
摘要刘建军，李建军，李建军，等。2023。印度尼西亚Bengkulu Rejang Lebong地区柑橘田出现抗草甘膦鹅草的可能性。生物多样性24:3633-3638。以鹅草(Eleusine indica L.)为主的杂草丰度是印度尼西亚Bengkulu省Rejang Lebong地区柑橘田的主要制约因素。本研究的目的是调查柑橘种植户的杂草防治方法，分析优势杂草，并研究鹅草对草甘膦的抗性可能性。对3名柑橘种植户进行了杂草防治措施调查，并对每个地点的10个样地进行了杂草评估。然后，通过田间试验，评价了草甘膦在柑桔田三个地点的除草效果。调查发现，草甘膦每年施用2至3次，施用量高达4 L ha-1(1.92 kg a.i. ha-1异丙基胺盐)，农民发现一些杂草对草甘膦具有抗性。杂草评价结果表明，鹅草为优势种，总优势比(SDR)分别为67.1、70.8和79.0%。田间试验结果表明，草甘膦0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0和8.0 L ha-1处理的试验区杂草成活率分别为94-95%、83-85.3%、70-73.3%、20-29%和10-12.3%。鹅草被确定为幸存者的杂草。在三个地点，根除50%杂草所需的草甘膦剂量(LD50)在2至4 L ha-1之间。本研究证明，本库鲁雷江勒邦区柑橘园的鹅草对草甘膦具有抗性。
{"title":"Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia","authors":"M. Simarmata, Reko Apriantonedi, N. Setyowati, H. Pujiwati","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240663","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Abstract. Simarmata M, Apriantonedi R, Setyowati N, Pujiwati H. 2023. Possibility of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in citrus fields in Rejang Lebong Districts, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3633-3638.Weed abundances dominated by goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.) are a major constraint in the citrus fields of Rejang Lebong District, Province of Bengkulu, Indonesia. The objectives of this research were to investigate weed control methods applied by citrus farmers, analyze the dominant weed, and study the possibility of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass. A survey was conducted by interviewing three citrus farmers regarding weed control measures, followed by weed assessment in 10 sampling plots of each location. Then, field trials were conducted to evaluate glyphosate efficacy on weeds in the three locations of citrus fields. The survey found that glyphosate has been applied for weed control up to 4 L ha-1( 1.92 kg a.i. ha-1 of isopropyl amine salt) 2 to 3 times a year, and the farmers found that some weeds were resistant to glyphosate. Weed assessment showed that goosegrass is a dominant species with a summed dominance ratio (SDR) of 67.1, 70.8, and 79.0% at each location, respectively. The field trials observed that the levels of survival weeds in the experimental plots treated with glyphosate at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 L ha-1were 94-95%, 83-85.3%, 70-73.3%, 20-29%, and 10-12.3%, respectively. Goosegrass was identified as the survivor's weeds. The glyphosate doses (LD50) required to eradicate 50% of the weed populations ranged between 2 and 4 L ha-1 at the three sites. This study proved that goosegrass in the citrus groves of Rejang Lebong District, Bengkulu, is resistant to glyphosate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8801,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85872692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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