Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264044791-6-EN
H. Oigawa, Y. Gohar
The WEBEXPIR (Windowless target Electron Beam EXPerimental IRradiation) programme was set up as part of the MYRRHA/XT-ADS R&D efforts on the spallation target design, in order to answer different questions concerning the interaction of a proton beam with a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) free surface. An experiment was conceived at the IBA TT-1000 Rhodotron, a 7-MeV electron accelerator which produces beam currents of up to 100 mA. Due to the small penetration depth of the 7-MeV electron beam and the high beam currents available, the TT-1000 allows to imitate the high power deposition at the MYRRHA/XT-ADS LBE free surface. The main goals of the experiment were to assess possible free surface distortion or shockwave effects under nominal conditions and during sudden beam on/off transient situations, as well as possible enhanced evaporation. The geometry and the LBE flow characteristics in the WEBEXPIR set-up were made as representative as possible of the actual situation in the MYRRHA/XT-ADS spallation target. Irradiation experiments were carried out at beam currents of up to 10 mA, corresponding to 40 times the nominal beam current necessary to reproduce the MYRRHA/XT-ADS conditions. As a preliminary general conclusion, it can be stated that the WEBEXPIR free surface flow was not disturbed by the interaction with the electron beam and that vacuum conditions stayed well within the design specifications.
{"title":"SESSION III - Spallation Target Development and Coolant Technology","authors":"H. Oigawa, Y. Gohar","doi":"10.1787/9789264044791-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044791-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The WEBEXPIR (Windowless target Electron Beam EXPerimental IRradiation) programme was set up as part of the MYRRHA/XT-ADS R&D efforts on the spallation target design, in order to answer different questions concerning the interaction of a proton beam with a liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) free surface. An experiment was conceived at the IBA TT-1000 Rhodotron, a 7-MeV electron accelerator which produces beam currents of up to 100 mA. Due to the small penetration depth of the 7-MeV electron beam and the high beam currents available, the TT-1000 allows to imitate the high power deposition at the MYRRHA/XT-ADS LBE free surface. The main goals of the experiment were to assess possible free surface distortion or shockwave effects under nominal conditions and during sudden beam on/off transient situations, as well as possible enhanced evaporation. The geometry and the LBE flow characteristics in the WEBEXPIR set-up were made as representative as possible of the actual situation in the MYRRHA/XT-ADS spallation target. Irradiation experiments were carried out at beam currents of up to 10 mA, corresponding to 40 times the nominal beam current necessary to reproduce the MYRRHA/XT-ADS conditions. As a preliminary general conclusion, it can be stated that the WEBEXPIR free surface flow was not disturbed by the interaction with the electron beam and that vacuum conditions stayed well within the design specifications.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"27 5","pages":"203-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72446434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264044791-4-EN
H. Klein, P. Pierini
An accelerator-driven system (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste typically requires a 600 MeV-1 GeV accelerator delivering a proton flux of a few mAs for demonstrators, and of a few tens of mAs for large industrial systems. This paper briefly describes the reference solution adopted for such a machine, based on a reliability-oriented linear superconducting accelerator, and focuses on the status of the R&D presently ongoing on some prototypical accelerator components. This work is performed within the 6th Framework Programme EC project "EUROTRANS".
{"title":"SESSION I - Accelerator Programmes and Applications","authors":"H. Klein, P. Pierini","doi":"10.1787/9789264044791-4-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264044791-4-EN","url":null,"abstract":"An accelerator-driven system (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste typically requires a 600 MeV-1 GeV accelerator delivering a proton flux of a few mAs for demonstrators, and of a few tens of mAs for large industrial systems. This paper briefly describes the reference solution adopted for such a machine, based on a reliability-oriented linear superconducting accelerator, and focuses on the status of the R&D presently ongoing on some prototypical accelerator components. This work is performed within the 6th Framework Programme EC project \"EUROTRANS\".","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"5 1","pages":"57-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87944944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264048072-6-EN
L. Heikinheimo, D. G. Brinceño
{"title":"Fusion, High-power Accelerator Targets and Other Fission Reactor Systems","authors":"L. Heikinheimo, D. G. Brinceño","doi":"10.1787/9789264048072-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264048072-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"15 1","pages":"159-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90916063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy is supporting system studies to gain a better understanding of nuclear power's potential role in a hydrogen economy and what hydrogen production technologies show the most promise. This assessment includes identifying commercial hydrogen applications and their requirements, comparing the characteristics of nuclear hydrogen systems to those market requirements, evaluating nuclear hydrogen configuration options within a given market, and identifying the key drivers and thresholds for market viability of nuclear hydrogen options. One of the objectives of the current analysis phase is to determine how nuclear hydrogen technologies could evolve under a number of different futures. The outputs of our work will eventually be used in a larger hydrogen infrastructure and market analysis conducted for DOE-EE using a system-level market simulation tool now underway. This report expands on our previous work by moving beyond simple levelized cost calculations and looking at profitability, risk, and uncertainty from an investor's perspective. We analyze a number of technologies and quantify the value of certain technology and operating characteristics. Our model to assess the profitability of the above technologies is based on Real Options Theory and calculates the discounted profits from investing in each of the productionmore » facilities. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to represent the uncertainty in hydrogen and electricity prices. The model computes both the expected value and the distribution of discounted profits from a production plant. We also quantify the value of the option to switch between hydrogen and electricity production in order to maximize investor profits. Uncertainty in electricity and hydrogen prices can be represented with two different stochastic processes: Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) and Mean Reversion (MR). Our analysis finds that the flexibility to switch between hydrogen and electricity leads to significantly different results in regards to the relative profitability of the different technologies and configurations. This is the case both with a deterministic and a stochastic analysis, as shown in the tables below. The flexibility in output products clearly adds substantial value to the HPE-ALWR and HTE-HTGR plants. In fact, under the GBM assumption for prices, the HTE-HTGR plant becomes more profitable than the SI-HTGR configuration, although SI-HTGR has a much lower levelized cost. For the HTE-HTGR plant it is also profitable to invest in additional electric turbine capacity (Case b) in order to fully utilize the heat from the nuclear reactor for electricity production when this is more profitable than producing hydrogen. The technologies are all at the research and development stage, so there are significant uncertainties regarding the technology cost and performance assumptions used in this analysis. As the technologies advance, the designers need to refine the cost and perfor
{"title":"The market viability of nuclear hydrogen technologies.","authors":"A. Botterud, G. Conzelmann, M. Petri, B. Yildiz","doi":"10.2172/925341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/925341","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy is supporting system studies to gain a better understanding of nuclear power's potential role in a hydrogen economy and what hydrogen production technologies show the most promise. This assessment includes identifying commercial hydrogen applications and their requirements, comparing the characteristics of nuclear hydrogen systems to those market requirements, evaluating nuclear hydrogen configuration options within a given market, and identifying the key drivers and thresholds for market viability of nuclear hydrogen options. One of the objectives of the current analysis phase is to determine how nuclear hydrogen technologies could evolve under a number of different futures. The outputs of our work will eventually be used in a larger hydrogen infrastructure and market analysis conducted for DOE-EE using a system-level market simulation tool now underway. This report expands on our previous work by moving beyond simple levelized cost calculations and looking at profitability, risk, and uncertainty from an investor's perspective. We analyze a number of technologies and quantify the value of certain technology and operating characteristics. Our model to assess the profitability of the above technologies is based on Real Options Theory and calculates the discounted profits from investing in each of the productionmore » facilities. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to represent the uncertainty in hydrogen and electricity prices. The model computes both the expected value and the distribution of discounted profits from a production plant. We also quantify the value of the option to switch between hydrogen and electricity production in order to maximize investor profits. Uncertainty in electricity and hydrogen prices can be represented with two different stochastic processes: Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) and Mean Reversion (MR). Our analysis finds that the flexibility to switch between hydrogen and electricity leads to significantly different results in regards to the relative profitability of the different technologies and configurations. This is the case both with a deterministic and a stochastic analysis, as shown in the tables below. The flexibility in output products clearly adds substantial value to the HPE-ALWR and HTE-HTGR plants. In fact, under the GBM assumption for prices, the HTE-HTGR plant becomes more profitable than the SI-HTGR configuration, although SI-HTGR has a much lower levelized cost. For the HTE-HTGR plant it is also profitable to invest in additional electric turbine capacity (Case b) in order to fully utilize the heat from the nuclear reactor for electricity production when this is more profitable than producing hydrogen. The technologies are all at the research and development stage, so there are significant uncertainties regarding the technology cost and performance assumptions used in this analysis. As the technologies advance, the designers need to refine the cost and perfor","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"103 1","pages":"343-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77818662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264026308-37-EN
H. Kawamura, M. Mori, Song-Zhu Chu, M. Uotani
Sulfur-based hybrid cycle (SHC) process has been attracted much attention as a mass production process of hydrogen, which consists of an electrolysis step, 2H2O+SO2 ¨ H2 + H2SO4 (353 K), and a thermal decomposition step, H2SO4 ¨ H2O + SO2 + 1/2O2 (1123 K).
{"title":"Electrical Conductive Perovskite Anodes in Sulfur-Based Hybrid Cycle","authors":"H. Kawamura, M. Mori, Song-Zhu Chu, M. Uotani","doi":"10.1787/9789264026308-37-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264026308-37-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur-based hybrid cycle (SHC) process has been attracted much attention as a mass production process of hydrogen, which consists of an electrolysis step, 2H2O+SO2 ¨ H2 + H2SO4 (353 K), and a thermal decomposition step, H2SO4 ¨ H2O + SO2 + 1/2O2 (1123 K).","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"45 5","pages":"365-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72545659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264026308-6-EN
S. Shiozawa, M. Ogawa, R. Hino
It is universally recognised that hydrogen is one of the best energy media and its demand will increase greatly in the near future. However, since little hydrogen exists naturally, it is necessary to develop suitable technology to produce hydrogen without CO2 emission from the view point of global environment al protection.
{"title":"Future Plan on Environmentally Friendly Hydrogen Production by Nuclear Energy","authors":"S. Shiozawa, M. Ogawa, R. Hino","doi":"10.1787/9789264026308-6-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264026308-6-EN","url":null,"abstract":"It is universally recognised that hydrogen is one of the best energy media and its demand will increase greatly in the near future. However, since little hydrogen exists naturally, it is necessary to develop suitable technology to produce hydrogen without CO2 emission from the view point of global environment al protection.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"1 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76534510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264026308-17-EN
T. Iyoku, N. Sakaba
{"title":"HTTR Test Programme Towards Coupling with the IS Process","authors":"T. Iyoku, N. Sakaba","doi":"10.1787/9789264026308-17-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264026308-17-EN","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"22 1","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76055575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264026308-22-EN
M. Lewis, M. Petri, J. Masin
Four thermochemical cycles were identified as potentially promising alternative cycles. Two were metal sulfate cycles and two were metal chloride cycles. All are hybrid cycles, i.e., they have an electrochemical step. These cycles were evaluated with a recently developed scoping flowsheet methodology to determine their maximum theoretical efficiency and their ability to function as a cycle.
{"title":"A Scoping Flowsheet Methodology for Evaluating Alternative Thermochemical Cycles","authors":"M. Lewis, M. Petri, J. Masin","doi":"10.1787/9789264026308-22-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264026308-22-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Four thermochemical cycles were identified as potentially promising alternative cycles. Two were metal sulfate cycles and two were metal chloride cycles. All are hybrid cycles, i.e., they have an electrochemical step. These cycles were evaluated with a recently developed scoping flowsheet methodology to determine their maximum theoretical efficiency and their ability to function as a cycle.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"71 8 1","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83681843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264026308-14-EN
Xing L. Yan, K. Kunitomi, R. Hino, S. Shiozawa
Japan Atomic Energy Agency has undertaken an extensive design study of gas turbine high temperature reactor, named the GTHTR300. A design philosophy of system simplicity, economical competitiveness, and originality has enabled the evolution of a family of GTHTR300 plant design variants with production ranging from electricity to hydrogen or both.
{"title":"GTHTR300 Design Variants for Production of Electricity, Hydrogen or Both","authors":"Xing L. Yan, K. Kunitomi, R. Hino, S. Shiozawa","doi":"10.1787/9789264026308-14-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264026308-14-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Japan Atomic Energy Agency has undertaken an extensive design study of gas turbine high temperature reactor, named the GTHTR300. A design philosophy of system simplicity, economical competitiveness, and originality has enabled the evolution of a family of GTHTR300 plant design variants with production ranging from electricity to hydrogen or both.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"10 1","pages":"121-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88589519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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