Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-34-EN
D. Keuter
Entergy is the second largest nuclear owner/operator in the United States with five nuclear units in the south operating under a cost of service structure and an additional six units in the Northeast and Midwest operating as merchant generating facilities. As a major nuclear operator in the merchant sector, Entergy wears the risk of nuclear operations – revenues are directly dependent upon operational performance. Our investment in merchant nuclear operations reflects our belief that use of nuclear energy in the competitive merchant environment can be an economically viable business venture.
{"title":"Nuclear H2 production – a utility perspective","authors":"D. Keuter","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-34-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-34-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Entergy is the second largest nuclear owner/operator in the United States with five nuclear units in the south operating under a cost of service structure and an additional six units in the Northeast and Midwest operating as merchant generating facilities. As a major nuclear operator in the merchant sector, Entergy wears the risk of nuclear operations – revenues are directly dependent upon operational performance. Our investment in merchant nuclear operations reflects our belief that use of nuclear energy in the competitive merchant environment can be an economically viable business venture.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"233 1","pages":"289-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77070683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-19-EN
B. Russ, R. Moore, M. Hélie
In an International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (INERI) project supported by the US DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Sandia National Labs (SNL) has teamed with the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in France, and industrial partner General Atomics (GA) to construct and operate a closed-loop device for demonstration of hydrogen production by the S-I process. The Integrated Lab Scale (ILS) experiment is being conducted at General Atomics’ San Diego facility. This presentation will summarise project goals, work done to date, current status and scheduled future work on the INERI S-I integrated-loop experiment.
{"title":"Status of the INERI sulphur-iodine integrated-loop experiment","authors":"B. Russ, R. Moore, M. Hélie","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-19-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-19-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In an International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (INERI) project supported by the US DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Sandia National Labs (SNL) has teamed with the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in France, and industrial partner General Atomics (GA) to construct and operate a closed-loop device for demonstration of hydrogen production by the S-I process. The Integrated Lab Scale (ILS) experiment is being conducted at General Atomics’ San Diego facility. This presentation will summarise project goals, work done to date, current status and scheduled future work on the INERI S-I integrated-loop experiment.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"78 1","pages":"179-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72691821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-7-EN
Jonghwa Chang, W. Lee
The rapid climate changes and the heavy reliance on imported fuel in Korea have motivated interest in the hydrogen economy. The Korean government has set up a long-term vision for transition to the hydrogen economy. To meet the expected demand of hydrogen as a fuel, hydrogen production using nuclear energy was also discussed. Recently the Korean Atomic Energy Committee has approved nuclear hydrogen production development and demonstration which will lead to commercialisation in late 2030s. An extensive research and development programme for the production of hydrogen using nuclear power has been underway since 2004 in Korea. During the first three years, a technological area was identified for the economic and efficient production of hydrogen using a VHTR.
韩国迅速的气候变化和对进口燃料的严重依赖激发了人们对氢经济的兴趣。韩国政府制定了向氢经济过渡的长期愿景。为了满足对氢作为燃料的预期需求，还讨论了利用核能制氢。最近，韩国原子能委员会(Korean Atomic Energy Committee)批准了核氢生产的开发和示范，将在本世纪30年代末实现商业化。自2004年以来，韩国一直在进行利用核能生产氢气的广泛研究和开发计划。在头三年，确定了一个技术领域，以经济和有效地利用超低温热源生产氢气。
{"title":"Status of the Korean nuclear hydrogen production project","authors":"Jonghwa Chang, W. Lee","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-7-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-7-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid climate changes and the heavy reliance on imported fuel in Korea have motivated interest in the hydrogen economy. The Korean government has set up a long-term vision for transition to the hydrogen economy. To meet the expected demand of hydrogen as a fuel, hydrogen production using nuclear energy was also discussed. Recently the Korean Atomic Energy Committee has approved nuclear hydrogen production development and demonstration which will lead to commercialisation in late 2030s. An extensive research and development programme for the production of hydrogen using nuclear power has been underway since 2004 in Korea. During the first three years, a technological area was identified for the economic and efficient production of hydrogen using a VHTR.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89339041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-16-EN
J. Carter, Jennifer R. Mawdsley, A. J. Kropf
Steam electrolysis experiments conducted at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have demonstrated an efficient process to generate hydrogen using waste heat and electricity from a nuclear power plant. However, the hydrogen output was observed to decrease significantly over time. Solid oxide stack components from the INL studies were analysed at Argonne National Laboratory to elucidate the degradation mechanisms of electrolysis. After probable regions of degradation were identified by surface techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to further characterise the causes of degradation by examining cross-sections of stack components.
{"title":"Causes of degradation in a solid oxide electrolysis stack","authors":"J. Carter, Jennifer R. Mawdsley, A. J. Kropf","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-16-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-16-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Steam electrolysis experiments conducted at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have demonstrated an efficient process to generate hydrogen using waste heat and electricity from a nuclear power plant. However, the hydrogen output was observed to decrease significantly over time. Solid oxide stack components from the INL studies were analysed at Argonne National Laboratory to elucidate the degradation mechanisms of electrolysis. After probable regions of degradation were identified by surface techniques, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to further characterise the causes of degradation by examining cross-sections of stack components.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"92 1","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-21-EN
D. Doizi, B. Larousse, V. Dauvois, J. Roujou, Y. Zanella, P. Fauvet, P. Carles
In the framework of the massive production of hydrogen using the sulphur-iodine thermochemical cycle, the design of the reactive distillation column, chosen by CEA for the HIx section, requires the knowledge of the partial pressures of the gaseous species (HI, I2, H2O) in thermodynamic equilibrium with the liquid phase of the HI-I2-H2O ternary mixture in a wide range of concentrations up to 270°C and 50 bar. The experimental devices which enable the measurement of the total pressure and concentrations of the vapour phase (and thus the knowledge of the partial pressures of the different gaseous species) for the HI-I2-H2O mixture in the 20-250°C range and up to 35 bar are described.
{"title":"Experimental study of the vapour-liquid equilibria of HI-I2-H2O ternary mixtures","authors":"D. Doizi, B. Larousse, V. Dauvois, J. Roujou, Y. Zanella, P. Fauvet, P. Carles","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-21-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-21-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the massive production of hydrogen using the sulphur-iodine thermochemical cycle, the design of the reactive distillation column, chosen by CEA for the HIx section, requires the knowledge of the partial pressures of the gaseous species (HI, I2, H2O) in thermodynamic equilibrium with the liquid phase of the HI-I2-H2O ternary mixture in a wide range of concentrations up to 270°C and 50 bar. The experimental devices which enable the measurement of the total pressure and concentrations of the vapour phase (and thus the knowledge of the partial pressures of the different gaseous species) for the HI-I2-H2O mixture in the 20-250°C range and up to 35 bar are described.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"83 1","pages":"191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84019006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-50-EN
C. Forsberg, J. Collins, L. Dole, J. J. Ferrada, M. J. Haire, R. Hunt, J. Ladd-Lively, B. Lewis, R. Wymer
A modelling and experimental effort has identified a new uranium thermochemical cycle (UTC) for the production of hydrogen from water. The peak temperature within the cycle is below 700°C – a temperature achievable with existing high temperature nuclear reactors and some solar systems using commercially available materials. This paper describes the new process and some of the experimental work. It is an early report of chemical feasibility. Much work will be required to determine engineering and economic viability.
{"title":"A Uranium Thermochemical Cycle for Hydrogen Production","authors":"C. Forsberg, J. Collins, L. Dole, J. J. Ferrada, M. J. Haire, R. Hunt, J. Ladd-Lively, B. Lewis, R. Wymer","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-50-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-50-EN","url":null,"abstract":"A modelling and experimental effort has identified a new uranium thermochemical cycle (UTC) for the production of hydrogen from water. The peak temperature within the cycle is below 700°C – a temperature achievable with existing high temperature nuclear reactors and some solar systems using commercially available materials. This paper describes the new process and some of the experimental work. It is an early report of chemical feasibility. Much work will be required to determine engineering and economic viability.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"20 1","pages":"453-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87460795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-40-EN
Y. Kato
A new energy transformation system based on carbon recycle use was discussed. A concept of an Active Carbon Neutral Energy System (ACRES) was proposed. Carbon dioxide is regenerated artificially into hydrocarbons by using a heat source with non-carbon dioxide emission, and the regenerated hydrocarbon is re-used cyclically as an energy carrier media in ACRES. Feasibility of ACRES was examined thermodynamically in comparison with hydrogen energy system. Carbon monoxide was the most suitable for a recycle carbon media in ACRES because of relatively high energy density in comparison with hydrogen, and high acceptability to conventional chemical, steel and high-temperature manufacturing industries. A high-temperature gas reactor was a good power source for ACRES. ACRES with carbon monoxide as recycle media was expected to be one of the efficient energy utilisation systems for the reactor.
{"title":"Possibility of active carbon recycle energy system","authors":"Y. Kato","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-40-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-40-EN","url":null,"abstract":"A new energy transformation system based on carbon recycle use was discussed. A concept of an Active Carbon Neutral Energy System (ACRES) was proposed. Carbon dioxide is regenerated artificially into hydrocarbons by using a heat source with non-carbon dioxide emission, and the regenerated hydrocarbon is re-used cyclically as an energy carrier media in ACRES. Feasibility of ACRES was examined thermodynamically in comparison with hydrogen energy system. Carbon monoxide was the most suitable for a recycle carbon media in ACRES because of relatively high energy density in comparison with hydrogen, and high acceptability to conventional chemical, steel and high-temperature manufacturing industries. A high-temperature gas reactor was a good power source for ACRES. ACRES with carbon monoxide as recycle media was expected to be one of the efficient energy utilisation systems for the reactor.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"31 1","pages":"345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77927563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-17-EN
C. Forsberg, M. Kazimi
In a carbon-dioxide-constrained world, the primary methods to produce electricity (nuclear, solar, wind and fossil fuels with carbon sequestration) have low operating costs and high capital costs. To minimise the cost of electricity, these plants must operate at maximum capacity; however, the electrical outputs do not match changing electricity demands with time. A system to produce intermediate and peak electricity is described that uses light water reactors (LWR) and high temperature electrolysis. At times of low electricity demand the LWR provides steam and electricity to a high temperature steam electrolysis system to produce hydrogen and oxygen that are stored. At times of high electricity demand, the reactor produces electricity for the electrical grid. Additional peak electricity is produced by combining the hydrogen and oxygen by operating the high temperature electrolysis units in reverse as fuel cells or using an oxy-hydrogen steam cycle. The storage and use of hydrogen and oxygen for intermediate and peak power production reduces the capital cost, increases the efficiency of the peak power production systems, and enables nuclear energy to be used to meet daily, weekly and seasonal changes in electrical demand. The economic viability is based on the higher electricity prices paid for peak-load electricity.
{"title":"Nuclear hydrogen using high temperature electrolysis and light water reactors for peak electricity production","authors":"C. Forsberg, M. Kazimi","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-17-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-17-EN","url":null,"abstract":"In a carbon-dioxide-constrained world, the primary methods to produce electricity (nuclear, solar, wind and fossil fuels with carbon sequestration) have low operating costs and high capital costs. To minimise the cost of electricity, these plants must operate at maximum capacity; however, the electrical outputs do not match changing electricity demands with time. A system to produce intermediate and peak electricity is described that uses light water reactors (LWR) and high temperature electrolysis. At times of low electricity demand the LWR provides steam and electricity to a high temperature steam electrolysis system to produce hydrogen and oxygen that are stored. At times of high electricity demand, the reactor produces electricity for the electrical grid. Additional peak electricity is produced by combining the hydrogen and oxygen by operating the high temperature electrolysis units in reverse as fuel cells or using an oxy-hydrogen steam cycle. The storage and use of hydrogen and oxygen for intermediate and peak power production reduces the capital cost, increases the efficiency of the peak power production systems, and enables nuclear energy to be used to meet daily, weekly and seasonal changes in electrical demand. The economic viability is based on the higher electricity prices paid for peak-load electricity.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"23 1","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-33-EN
I. Khamis
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is developing software to perform economic analysis related to hydrogen production. The software is expected to analyse the economics of the four most promising processes for hydrogen production. These processes are: high and low temperature electrolysis, thermochemical processes including the S-I process, conventional electrolysis and steam reforming.
{"title":"The development of the Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Program (HEEP)","authors":"I. Khamis","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-33-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-33-EN","url":null,"abstract":"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is developing software to perform economic analysis related to hydrogen production. The software is expected to analyse the economics of the four most promising processes for hydrogen production. These processes are: high and low temperature electrolysis, thermochemical processes including the S-I process, conventional electrolysis and steam reforming.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"15 1","pages":"281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76018517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1787/9789264087156-10-EN
M. Hori
Hydrogen can be produced from water by thermochemical processes using nuclear heat or by electrochemical processes using nuclear electricity, or by "hybrid" processes combining both processes. As these nuclear water-splitting processes make it possible to produce hydrogen without any carbon dioxide emissions, they are mainstream methods to supply hydrogen as an energy carrier or as a feed material for industrial processes.
{"title":"Application of nuclear-produced hydrogen for energy and industrial use","authors":"M. Hori","doi":"10.1787/9789264087156-10-EN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087156-10-EN","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen can be produced from water by thermochemical processes using nuclear heat or by electrochemical processes using nuclear electricity, or by \"hybrid\" processes combining both processes. As these nuclear water-splitting processes make it possible to produce hydrogen without any carbon dioxide emissions, they are mainstream methods to supply hydrogen as an energy carrier or as a feed material for industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"5 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78737814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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