Pub Date : 2019-11-18DOI: 10.11648/j.ns.20190403.11
Mohammed Kyari Dikwa, J. Akan, A. Adamu
Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much attention in the developing countries. This necessitates the study of their accumulation in the road side soils of Maiduguri (longitude 11° 13’ N; latitude 13° 05’ E), to ensure effective protection of soil from the potential loss of its fertility. In this study, roadside soil samples from major roads (Baga road, Bama road, Ngala road and Kano/Jos road) of Maiduguri were collected and determined the levels of heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) in the roadside soil using the Perkin-Elmer analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that in all the sampling locations, Mn, Zn, Fe and Pb have higher concentration of 137.4±0.04 mg/kg, 392.11±0.07 mg/kg, 13491.70±0.07 mg/kg and 928.50±0.04 mg/kg respectively in roadside soil as compared with Cd of concentration ranges from 0 to maximum of 0.87±0.04mg/kg in Ngala road. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil samples were higher than the recommended value of 48 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. The higher concentration of these metals in the roadside soil samples may be attributed to human activities and traffic volume. Therefore, there is need to further study the concentrations of such heavy metals in agricultural soil, plants and vegetables grown in that area, animals that fed on the plants and any other source that directly or indirectly link to the source of food of the populace.
{"title":"Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Roadside Soils from Some Major Roads in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria","authors":"Mohammed Kyari Dikwa, J. Akan, A. Adamu","doi":"10.11648/j.ns.20190403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20190403.11","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much attention in the developing countries. This necessitates the study of their accumulation in the road side soils of Maiduguri (longitude 11° 13’ N; latitude 13° 05’ E), to ensure effective protection of soil from the potential loss of its fertility. In this study, roadside soil samples from major roads (Baga road, Bama road, Ngala road and Kano/Jos road) of Maiduguri were collected and determined the levels of heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) in the roadside soil using the Perkin-Elmer analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that in all the sampling locations, Mn, Zn, Fe and Pb have higher concentration of 137.4±0.04 mg/kg, 392.11±0.07 mg/kg, 13491.70±0.07 mg/kg and 928.50±0.04 mg/kg respectively in roadside soil as compared with Cd of concentration ranges from 0 to maximum of 0.87±0.04mg/kg in Ngala road. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil samples were higher than the recommended value of 48 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. The higher concentration of these metals in the roadside soil samples may be attributed to human activities and traffic volume. Therefore, there is need to further study the concentrations of such heavy metals in agricultural soil, plants and vegetables grown in that area, animals that fed on the plants and any other source that directly or indirectly link to the source of food of the populace.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88999696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.11648/J.NS.20190402.11
Mavrodiev Strachimir Chterev, V. Alexander
George Gamow’s liquid drop model of the nucleus can account for most of the terms in the formula and gives rough estimates for the values of the coefficients. Its semi-numerical equation was first formulated in 1935 by Weizsacker and in 1936 Bethe [1, 2], and although refinements have been made to the coefficients over the years, the structure of the formula remains the same today. Their formula gives a good approximation for atomic masses and several other effects, but does not explain the appearance of magic numbers of protons and neutrons, and the extra binding-energy and measure of stability that are associated with these numbers of nucleons. Mavrodiev and Deliyergiyev [3] formalized the nuclear mass problem in the inverse problem framework. This approach allowed them to infer the underlying model parameters from experimental observation, rather than to predict the observations from the model parameters. They formulated the inverse problem for the numerically generalized semi-empirical mass formula of Bethe and von Weizsacker going step-by-step through the AME2012 [4] nuclear database. The resulting parameterization described the measured nuclear masses of 2564 isotopes with a maximal deviation of less than 2.6 MeV, starting from the number of protons and number of neutrons equal to 1. The unknown functions in the generalized mass formula was discovered in a step-by-step way using the modified procedure realized in the algorithms developed by Aleksandrov [5-7] to solve nonlinear systems of equations via the Gauss-Newton method. In the presented herein article we describe a further development of the obtained by [3] formula by including additional factors,- magic numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons. This inclusion is based the well-known experimental data on the chemically induced polarization of nuclei and the effect of such this polarization on the rate of isotope decay. It allowed taking into account resonant interaction of the spins of nuclei and electron shells. As a result the maximal deviation from the measured nuclear masses of less than 1.9 MeV was reached. This improvement allowed prediction of the nuclear characteristics of the artificial elements 119 and 120.
{"title":"Improved Numerical Generalization of the Bethe-Weizsäcker Mass Formula for Prediction the Isotope Nuclear Mass, the Mass Excess Including of Artificial Elements 119 and 120","authors":"Mavrodiev Strachimir Chterev, V. Alexander","doi":"10.11648/J.NS.20190402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.NS.20190402.11","url":null,"abstract":"George Gamow’s liquid drop model of the nucleus can account for most of the terms in the formula and gives rough estimates for the values of the coefficients. Its semi-numerical equation was first formulated in 1935 by Weizsacker and in 1936 Bethe [1, 2], and although refinements have been made to the coefficients over the years, the structure of the formula remains the same today. Their formula gives a good approximation for atomic masses and several other effects, but does not explain the appearance of magic numbers of protons and neutrons, and the extra binding-energy and measure of stability that are associated with these numbers of nucleons. Mavrodiev and Deliyergiyev [3] formalized the nuclear mass problem in the inverse problem framework. This approach allowed them to infer the underlying model parameters from experimental observation, rather than to predict the observations from the model parameters. They formulated the inverse problem for the numerically generalized semi-empirical mass formula of Bethe and von Weizsacker going step-by-step through the AME2012 [4] nuclear database. The resulting parameterization described the measured nuclear masses of 2564 isotopes with a maximal deviation of less than 2.6 MeV, starting from the number of protons and number of neutrons equal to 1. The unknown functions in the generalized mass formula was discovered in a step-by-step way using the modified procedure realized in the algorithms developed by Aleksandrov [5-7] to solve nonlinear systems of equations via the Gauss-Newton method. In the presented herein article we describe a further development of the obtained by [3] formula by including additional factors,- magic numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons. This inclusion is based the well-known experimental data on the chemically induced polarization of nuclei and the effect of such this polarization on the rate of isotope decay. It allowed taking into account resonant interaction of the spins of nuclei and electron shells. As a result the maximal deviation from the measured nuclear masses of less than 1.9 MeV was reached. This improvement allowed prediction of the nuclear characteristics of the artificial elements 119 and 120.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79931388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.11648/J.NS.20190401.12
Afroditi Skafida, Katherina Dalaka
The interest to study electron transport in semiconductor devices at very high electric field has been increased in the last decades and assessment of Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in ZnO diode in intelligent information systems is of high significance. The Monte Carlo method as applied to semiconductor transport is a simulation of the trajectories of individual Carriers as they move through a device under the influence of external forces and subject to random scattering events. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to study quasi-ballistic transport of electrons in n+nn+ ZnO diode. In this simulation, the spatial motion of the electrons is semi classical and the scattering mechanisms taken into account are those due to acoustic phonons, non-polar optical phonons, polar optical phonons and ionized impurities. The simulation results are reported for different temperatures and voltages. It is also found that the transient properties of ZnO-made diode are not much sensitive to environment temperature changes, and thus the use of this substance is highly recommended in manufacture of electronic equipment.
{"title":"Evaluating of Simulating the Transportation of Electron in Intelligent Information Systems and High-Tech Applicants","authors":"Afroditi Skafida, Katherina Dalaka","doi":"10.11648/J.NS.20190401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.NS.20190401.12","url":null,"abstract":"The interest to study electron transport in semiconductor devices at very high electric field has been increased in the last decades and assessment of Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in ZnO diode in intelligent information systems is of high significance. The Monte Carlo method as applied to semiconductor transport is a simulation of the trajectories of individual Carriers as they move through a device under the influence of external forces and subject to random scattering events. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to study quasi-ballistic transport of electrons in n+nn+ ZnO diode. In this simulation, the spatial motion of the electrons is semi classical and the scattering mechanisms taken into account are those due to acoustic phonons, non-polar optical phonons, polar optical phonons and ionized impurities. The simulation results are reported for different temperatures and voltages. It is also found that the transient properties of ZnO-made diode are not much sensitive to environment temperature changes, and thus the use of this substance is highly recommended in manufacture of electronic equipment.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"317 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77935109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The testing of the individual monitoring instruments is important to demonstrate the performance of the instruments to give accurate measurements in workplace environment. In this research, 18 Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) units were calibrated individually at surface water phantom and exposed with 60Co source at block 32 in Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The TLD were exposed at 5.00 meter distance from the source. The exposed TLD in terms of Personal Dose Equivalent at 10mm depth tissue, (Hp (10)) equal to 2.00mSv. The exposed TLD then be measured using winRems software from Harshaw TLD reader 6600 plus for defining the calibration factor in term of mSv/nC. After that all the 18 unit TLD were tested using linearity testing method and 18 TLD units were exposed with different dose that were 1mSv, 5mSv, 7mSv, 10mSv, 15mSv, and 20mSv. The research is conducted to satisfy two main objectives which was to obtain linear regression coefficient R2 ~ 1 and to show that the ratio of measured value over standard values are within ICRP trumpet acceptance limit curve, which are within (-33% to +50%).
{"title":"Linearity Test for Harshaw TLD (Type: TLD-100H) Base on Individual Calibration Method","authors":"Luay Abdulsahib Rasool, Naashat Raheem Al-Ataby, Alaa Fadil Hashim","doi":"10.11648/J.NS.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.NS.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"The testing of the individual monitoring instruments is important to demonstrate the performance of the instruments to give accurate measurements in workplace environment. In this research, 18 Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) units were calibrated individually at surface water phantom and exposed with 60Co source at block 32 in Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The TLD were exposed at 5.00 meter distance from the source. The exposed TLD in terms of Personal Dose Equivalent at 10mm depth tissue, (Hp (10)) equal to 2.00mSv. The exposed TLD then be measured using winRems software from Harshaw TLD reader 6600 plus for defining the calibration factor in term of mSv/nC. After that all the 18 unit TLD were tested using linearity testing method and 18 TLD units were exposed with different dose that were 1mSv, 5mSv, 7mSv, 10mSv, 15mSv, and 20mSv. The research is conducted to satisfy two main objectives which was to obtain linear regression coefficient R2 ~ 1 and to show that the ratio of measured value over standard values are within ICRP trumpet acceptance limit curve, which are within (-33% to +50%).","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73744351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.11648/J.NS.20180304.11
S. Khan
In this paper, theoretical model for nuclear forensics is developed and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is considered as the case study. The main objective of this research is the development of procedure for nuclear forensics and infrastructure for non-destructive scrutiny facility (NDSF). In this study, various assumptions and parameters were discussed including the development strategies, technical evaluations, capabilities and current scenarios. The prime objective is to gain insight to the threat and unexpected issues regarding the race of nuclear technology in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to safer the KSA region.
{"title":"Nuclear Forensics and Development of Non-Destructive Scrutiny Facility (NDSF) for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Khan","doi":"10.11648/J.NS.20180304.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.NS.20180304.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, theoretical model for nuclear forensics is developed and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is considered as the case study. The main objective of this research is the development of procedure for nuclear forensics and infrastructure for non-destructive scrutiny facility (NDSF). In this study, various assumptions and parameters were discussed including the development strategies, technical evaluations, capabilities and current scenarios. The prime objective is to gain insight to the threat and unexpected issues regarding the race of nuclear technology in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to safer the KSA region.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"254 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79409110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.11648/J.NS.20180303.14
A. Saeed, Raed Mohmed El-Shazly, S. Ghali, S. El-Khamisy, S. El-fiki, M. Eissa
Low and free nickel austenitic stainless steel alloys were developed successfully and proposed to be used as a liquid sodium coolant fast reactor pressure vessel cladding. A standard austenitic stainless steel SS316L (AISI 316L) was produced as a reference sample. The nickel content was partially or totally replaced by manganese and nitrogen. The microstructure of the produced stainless steel alloys was investigated using Schaeffler diagram, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Mechanical properties of the developed stainless steel grads were investigated using Vickers hardness, impact and tensile tests at room temperature. Sodium chloride was used to study the corrosion rate of the investigated alloys by open circuit potential technique. Slow and total slow neutrons removal cross sections were measured using 241 Am-Be neutron source and highly calibrated He-3 detector. Eight gamma ray lines which emitted from 60 Co and 232 Th radioactive sources and HPGe detector were used to study the attenuation parameters of the produced alloys. Metallography, Schaeffler diagram and XRD results showed that all the produced stainless steels are mainly of austenite phase with a small ferrite phase. The developed manganese-nitrogen stainless steels showed higher hardness, yield and ultimate tensile strength than SS316L. The elongation of developed stainless steels is relatively lower than the standard SS316L. The impact toughness was reduced with replacement of Ni by Mn. The developed manganese stainless steels have a higher total slow removal cross section than SS316L. On the other hand, the slow neutron and gamma rays have nearly the same behavior for all studied stainless steels.
{"title":"Low Activation-Modified High Manganese-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel for Fast Reactor Pressure Vessel Cladding","authors":"A. Saeed, Raed Mohmed El-Shazly, S. Ghali, S. El-Khamisy, S. El-fiki, M. Eissa","doi":"10.11648/J.NS.20180303.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.NS.20180303.14","url":null,"abstract":"Low and free nickel austenitic stainless steel alloys were developed successfully and proposed to be used as a liquid sodium coolant fast reactor pressure vessel cladding. A standard austenitic stainless steel SS316L (AISI 316L) was produced as a reference sample. The nickel content was partially or totally replaced by manganese and nitrogen. The microstructure of the produced stainless steel alloys was investigated using Schaeffler diagram, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). Mechanical properties of the developed stainless steel grads were investigated using Vickers hardness, impact and tensile tests at room temperature. Sodium chloride was used to study the corrosion rate of the investigated alloys by open circuit potential technique. Slow and total slow neutrons removal cross sections were measured using 241 Am-Be neutron source and highly calibrated He-3 detector. Eight gamma ray lines which emitted from 60 Co and 232 Th radioactive sources and HPGe detector were used to study the attenuation parameters of the produced alloys. Metallography, Schaeffler diagram and XRD results showed that all the produced stainless steels are mainly of austenite phase with a small ferrite phase. The developed manganese-nitrogen stainless steels showed higher hardness, yield and ultimate tensile strength than SS316L. The elongation of developed stainless steels is relatively lower than the standard SS316L. The impact toughness was reduced with replacement of Ni by Mn. The developed manganese stainless steels have a higher total slow removal cross section than SS316L. On the other hand, the slow neutron and gamma rays have nearly the same behavior for all studied stainless steels.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"5 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72720756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-14DOI: 10.11648/j.ns.20180303.13
M. Curuia, S. Soare, C. Jianu, M. Varlam
The present paper presents the design of a vacuum compatible automatic targets feeding system (VCATFS) that can be used to introduce targets inside the interaction chambers for accelerators, laser beams and others research plants. As a first application, the system is to be used within the Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) project, to load target frames in the interaction chamber without losing the vacuum. The target frames will be inserted and retracted into/from the interaction chamber individually with high accuracy of positioning. Up to three target frames can be used during one experiment. This number of targets is a consequence of several severe spatial constraints where the system will be installed, but for other situations it can be increased. Also, a new technique of moving the target frames is proposed, two horizontal translations in two parallel planes and two vertical translations also in two parallel planes. VCATFS is divided into two main sub-systems: mechanical (includes kinematics, high precision components and systems, vacuum chamber), and a dedicated command and control system (transducers - high accuracy absolute linear encoders, stepper motors and associated electric drives unit, interfaces and proprietary software). Additionally, a dedicated vacuum system was designed. This approach will further be developed as prototype level. This paper will focus on the design of mechanical sub-system, the remaining ones will be the subject of future documents that would be made publicly available in the future.
{"title":"Design of Vacuum Compatible Automatic Targets Feeding System","authors":"M. Curuia, S. Soare, C. Jianu, M. Varlam","doi":"10.11648/j.ns.20180303.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ns.20180303.13","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper presents the design of a vacuum compatible automatic targets feeding system (VCATFS) that can be used to introduce targets inside the interaction chambers for accelerators, laser beams and others research plants. As a first application, the system is to be used within the Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) project, to load target frames in the interaction chamber without losing the vacuum. The target frames will be inserted and retracted into/from the interaction chamber individually with high accuracy of positioning. Up to three target frames can be used during one experiment. This number of targets is a consequence of several severe spatial constraints where the system will be installed, but for other situations it can be increased. Also, a new technique of moving the target frames is proposed, two horizontal translations in two parallel planes and two vertical translations also in two parallel planes. VCATFS is divided into two main sub-systems: mechanical (includes kinematics, high precision components and systems, vacuum chamber), and a dedicated command and control system (transducers - high accuracy absolute linear encoders, stepper motors and associated electric drives unit, interfaces and proprietary software). Additionally, a dedicated vacuum system was designed. This approach will further be developed as prototype level. This paper will focus on the design of mechanical sub-system, the remaining ones will be the subject of future documents that would be made publicly available in the future.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"93 4","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72386170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-13DOI: 10.11648/J.NS.20180303.12
E. E. Ermiş, C. Celiktas
226 Ra alpha peak was revealed by a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) through a developed spectrometer. MPPC is consisted of silicon photomultipliers (Si-PM) which can be used for photon detection and measurement. It is one of the new generation counter types. It has been used in many research areas such as radiation detection and optics. So, this type detector was chosen so that this study is up-to-date. Main goal of the study is to obtain pure alpha energy spectrum because no study was found in the literature about the neat alpha spectrum by the MPPC. For this reason, coincidence gate method was used in the presented study to acquire the spectrum. In the first section, alpha spectrum was recorded directly via MPPC module. This spectrum had too much electronic noise. The spectrum was secondly obtained through the developed spectrometer. This second spectrum had not almost all noise components. Then, the obtained spectra were compared with each other at the final section. The asserted spectrometer was highly successful in obtaining neat alpha spectrum by reducing the most noise components. It has been realized that the neat source spectra of other radioactive sources can be achieved by using this spectrometer with MPPC. Additionally, students who work about radiation detection can use the suggested spectrometer in their experiments.
通过研制的多像素光子计数器(MPPC)揭示了226 Ra α峰。MPPC由硅光电倍增管(Si-PM)组成，可用于光子探测和测量。它是新一代计数器类型之一。它已被应用于辐射探测和光学等许多研究领域。所以，选择这种类型的探测器是为了使这项研究是最新的。由于文献中未见MPPC对纯α能谱的研究，本研究的主要目的是获得纯α能谱。为此，本研究采用重合门法获取频谱。在第一部分中，通过MPPC模块直接记录α光谱。这个频谱有太多的电子噪音。利用研制的光谱仪进行二次光谱分析。第二个频谱几乎没有所有的噪声成分。然后，在最后一段对得到的光谱进行比较。所述光谱仪通过减少大部分噪声分量，获得了整齐的α光谱。利用该光谱仪与MPPC结合，实现了其他放射源的整齐源光谱。此外，从事辐射检测工作的学生可以在他们的实验中使用建议的光谱仪。
{"title":"Revealing 226 Ra Alpha Peak by a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter","authors":"E. E. Ermiş, C. Celiktas","doi":"10.11648/J.NS.20180303.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.NS.20180303.12","url":null,"abstract":"226 Ra alpha peak was revealed by a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) through a developed spectrometer. MPPC is consisted of silicon photomultipliers (Si-PM) which can be used for photon detection and measurement. It is one of the new generation counter types. It has been used in many research areas such as radiation detection and optics. So, this type detector was chosen so that this study is up-to-date. Main goal of the study is to obtain pure alpha energy spectrum because no study was found in the literature about the neat alpha spectrum by the MPPC. For this reason, coincidence gate method was used in the presented study to acquire the spectrum. In the first section, alpha spectrum was recorded directly via MPPC module. This spectrum had too much electronic noise. The spectrum was secondly obtained through the developed spectrometer. This second spectrum had not almost all noise components. Then, the obtained spectra were compared with each other at the final section. The asserted spectrometer was highly successful in obtaining neat alpha spectrum by reducing the most noise components. It has been realized that the neat source spectra of other radioactive sources can be achieved by using this spectrometer with MPPC. Additionally, students who work about radiation detection can use the suggested spectrometer in their experiments.","PeriodicalId":88069,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear science abstracts","volume":"2 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90791421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.11648/j.ns.20180303.11
Rumman Mustakim, J. Ferdous, A. Begum, A. Islam
The aim of the present study was to investigate the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in different seasonal fruits of Bangladesh. In total 20 samples of 16 different kinds of fruits were collected from the local markets of Bangladesh. The radioactivity of these samples was measured by using Gamma Spectrometry System. The radioactivity of natural radionuclides in the studied seasonal fruit samples were found to be ranged from BDL to 31.13±10.63 Bqkg -1 with an average 10.95 Bqkg -1 due to 238 U, from 1.55±0.73 to 34.59±7.43 Bqkg -1 with an average 6.68 Bqkg -1 due to 232 Th and from BDL to 733.25±61.17 Bqkg -1 with an average 308 Bqkg -1 due to 40 K. Artificial radionuclide was not found in the studied fruit samples. The maximum activities of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K were observed, respectively in coconut, jujube and papaya. However, the average concentrations of all radionuclides mentioned above in the studied samples were found to be less than the world average. The total annual internal effective dose from the consumption of radioactive fruits was found to be 8.39 μSv/y. The value the annual effective dose in all samples in this study was lower than ICRP 72; therefore, the values natural radioactivity and annual effective dose in the seasonal fruits are found to be safe and no health-hazards are createdfor the population of Bangladesh.
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