Audiological medicine最新文献

英文中文

Exploring hearing and ear disease in a non-literate society: The use of historical linguistics 探索听力和耳部疾病在一个不识字的社会:使用历史语言学

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513861003608037

D. Stephens, R. Stephens

Abstract Our objective was to investigate the attitudes to hearing and ear disease in the Gallo-Celtic society. An approach using historical linguistics to examine changes in words and their implications was used based on the six living Celtic languages and additional data from the Gaulish language found mainly in surviving inscriptions. There appeared to be a broadly negative attitude towards deafness, as implied by the connotations associated with that term. In the Brythonic languages (Breton, Cornish and Welsh), the term ‘hear’ was used in a generic way for all the senses. There was some overlap between the terms ‘hear’ and ‘listen’ in many of the languages despite the presence of early words for both. The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum) appears to have been used throughout the Celtic world in the treatment of ear disease. The results of these analyses indicate that historical linguistics can provide a source of useful additional information when the practices of a pre-literate society are being investigated.

摘要:我们的目的是调查高卢-凯尔特社会对听力和耳部疾病的态度。一种使用历史语言学来研究词汇变化及其含义的方法是基于六种现存的凯尔特语言和主要在现存铭文中发现的高卢语的额外数据。从与失聪一词有关的内涵可以看出，人们对失聪似乎普遍持否定态度。在不列颠语(布列塔尼语、康沃尔语和威尔士语)中，“hear”一词泛指所有的感官。在许多语言中，“hear”和“listen”这两个词之间存在一些重叠，尽管这两个词在早期都有。在整个凯尔特世界，似乎一直在使用房屋(Sempervivum tectorum)来治疗耳部疾病。这些分析的结果表明，历史语言学可以提供有用的额外信息的来源，当一个前文字社会的实践正在被调查。

引用次数: 0

Aquaporin-2 and -4: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in Ménière's disease patients 水通道蛋白-2和-4:在m懊悔病患者中的单核苷酸多态性

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513860903574232

P. Mallur, A. Weisstuch, M. Pfister, A. Mhatre, A. Lalwani

Abstract The endolymphatic hydrops seen in Ménière's disease (MD) results from an inner ear fluid disequilibrium that has a suspected inherited component. Aquaporin-2 and aquaporin-4 (AQP2 and AQP4) water transport proteins may contribute to abnormal fluid homeostasis seen in MD. Our objective was to screen for sequence alterations in AQP2 and AQP4 genes in a northern European population with MD. Amplification for AQP2 (n = 18) and AQP4 (n = 30) was performed for patients with MD. Sequences were screened with denaturing high powered liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and confirmed with sequencing. Allele frequencies were compared with previously reported normal populations. We found that DHPLC failed to identify sequence alterations in any sample. Sequencing identified three intronic and one 3’ untranslated region polymorphism in AQP2, and one polymorphism upstream from the start codon in AQP4. Two of the AQP2 intronic allele frequencies showed an A and C allele enrichment, respectively, compared with a reported mixed population (0.389 A vs. 0.00 A; 0.389 C vs. 0.00 C, p<0.001). The remaining polymorphism showed statistical difference from three non-Caucasian populations (0.611 A vs. 0.389 A, 0.375 A, and 0.280 A, p<0.05). The AQP4 allele frequency in the MD population was statistically different from a previously published Japanese population (0.800 G vs. 0.620 G, p = 0.0053) but not from a reported Caucasian population. We concluded that aquaporin polymorphisms may contribute to MD. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings in well-defined population isolates and to determine if these polymorphisms lead to altered AQP protein function or levels.

摘要:内耳液体不平衡引起的内耳淋巴水肿可能与遗传有关。水通道蛋白-2和水通道蛋白-4 (AQP2和AQP4)水转运蛋白可能导致MD中出现的异常体液平衡。我们的目标是筛选北欧MD人群中AQP2和AQP4基因的序列改变。对MD患者进行AQP2 (n = 18)和AQP4 (n = 30)的扩增。序列通过变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)筛选并测序确认。等位基因频率与先前报道的正常人群进行了比较。我们发现DHPLC无法识别任何样品中的序列改变。测序发现AQP2中有3个内含子多态性和1个3 '非翻译区多态性，AQP4中有1个多态性位于起始密码子上游。与报道的混合群体相比，AQP2的两个内含子等位基因频率分别显示A和C等位基因富集(0.389 A比0.00 A;0.389 C vs. 0.00 C, p<0.001)。其余多态性在3个非高加索人群中存在统计学差异(0.611 A vs 0.389 A, 0.375 A和0.280 A, p<0.05)。MD人群AQP4等位基因频率与先前发表的日本人群有统计学差异(0.800 G对0.620 G, p = 0.0053)，但与已报道的高加索人群无统计学差异。我们得出结论，水通道蛋白多态性可能与MD有关。需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现，并确定这些多态性是否会导致AQP蛋白功能或水平的改变。

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引用次数: 6

A different modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activation in response to hypoxia could cause different clinical pictures in inner ear disorders 缺氧对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)激活的不同调节可能导致内耳疾病的不同临床表现

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513861003647043

A. Pirodda, C. Borghi, G. Ferri

Abstract When envisaging inner ear damage, the general tendency is to classify the damage into separate entities, according to the differences in clinical presentation, regardless of the frequent absence of a completely satisfactory explanation for the damage and, consequently, absence of a specific therapy. Nevertheless, a common ground can be found in haemodynamic changes and subsequent abnormal vasomotor reaction, which can be responsible for various kinds of labyrinthine effects depending on the extent, the duration and the severity of the consequent ischaemia. A key to a better understanding of the different effects of the resulting ischaemia and hypoxia could be found by considering the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is known as a protective factor for inner ear structures under threat. If the haemodynamic change is mild, the possibility of VEGF up-regulation, which despite its finality could be a trigger for an imbalance of labyrinthine hair cells or fluids, could be a reliable indicator of damage. In contrast, if the vasoconstriction leads to a more severe hypoxia, this could directly lead to an acute, more or less transient damage according to a more direct mechanism. This damage could not, or could only partially, permit a useful activation of VEGF, and the total or partial recovery could therefore depend on the entity of the damage itself and on the efficacy of other, less specific protective endogenous or exogenous factors.

当设想内耳损伤时，一般倾向于根据临床表现的差异将损伤分类为单独的实体，而不顾经常缺乏完全令人满意的损伤解释，因此缺乏特定的治疗方法。然而，在血流动力学改变和随后的异常血管舒缩反应中可以找到一个共同点，这可能是导致各种迷宫效应的原因，这取决于缺血性的程度、持续时间和严重程度。通过考虑血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的调节，可以更好地理解所导致的缺血和缺氧的不同影响，VEGF被认为是内耳结构受到威胁的保护因子。如果血流动力学变化是轻微的，VEGF上调的可能性可能是损伤的可靠指标，尽管它最终可能引发迷路毛细胞或体液的不平衡。相反，如果血管收缩导致更严重的缺氧，根据更直接的机制，这可能直接导致急性或多或少的短暂性损伤。这种损伤不能或只能部分激活VEGF，因此，完全或部分恢复可能取决于损伤本身的实体和其他不太特定的保护性内源性或外源性因素的功效。

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引用次数: 9

Sensorineural hearing loss and congenital diaphragmatic hernia 感音神经性听力损失与先天性膈疝

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513861003647035

R. Masi

Abstract The objective was to determine whether or not sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) can be present in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors. All survivors of surgery for CDH born between 1999 and 2008 underwent audiological evaluation. Diagnosis of SNHL was based on standard audiological testing methods. SNHL was defined as a hearing loss of >20dB in at least one frequency tested and was classified – according to its severity, and thus potential impact on speech and language development – as type 1, 2, 3 or 4. Of the 116 patients undergoing at least one formal audiological evaluation, 45 (39%) presented SNHL. Of the sub-sample of 72 children born by the end of 2004 (all older than four years of age), 43 (59.7%) had SNHL. Only two children with SNHL were under two years of age. Our results confirm that hearing loss can occur in CDH survivors, making it necessary to include auditory monitoring in CDH follow-up protocols. It may show a delayed onset and be progressive, therefore audiological testing might be warranted until adolescence.

目的是确定先天性膈疝(CDH)幸存者是否存在感音神经性听力损失(SNHL)。所有1999年至2008年间出生的CDH手术幸存者都接受了听力学评估。SNHL的诊断基于标准听力学测试方法。SNHL被定义为在至少一个测试频率中听力损失达到100 - 20dB，并根据其严重程度以及对言语和语言发展的潜在影响分为1、2、3或4型。在116例接受至少一次正式听力学评估的患者中，45例(39%)出现SNHL。在2004年底前出生的72名儿童(均大于4岁)的子样本中，43名(59.7%)患有SNHL。只有两名儿童患有SNHL，年龄在两岁以下。我们的研究结果证实，听力损失可能发生在CDH幸存者中，因此有必要在CDH随访方案中包括听力监测。它可能表现出延迟发作和进行性，因此听力学测试可能是必要的，直到青春期。

引用次数: 2

Functional and structural changes in the chinchilla cochlea and vestibular system following round window application of carboplatin. 卡铂圆窗应用后鼠耳蜗和前庭系统功能和结构的改变。

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513860903335795

Yide Zhou, Dalian Ding, Kari Suzanne Kraus, Dongzhen Yu, Richard J Salvi

OBJECTIVE: In chinchillas, moderate doses of carboplatin administered systemically selectively destroy inner hair cells and type I vestibular hair cells; however, it is unclear whether this unique damage pattern persists if carboplatin is applied directly to the cochlea, how quickly the damage develops and what cell death pathways are involved. STUDY DESIGN: To address these questions, carboplatin (5 mg/ml, 50 µl) was applied to the round window. RESULTS: Carboplatin caused a rapid decline in distortion product otoacoustic emissions, significantly increased compound action potential thresholds and caused massive inner hair cell loss and less severe outer hair cell loss. Hair cell loss was initially more severe in the base than the apex of the cochlea, but by 28 days post-treatment most cochlear hair cells were missing and hair cell density in the utricle, saccule and lateral crista was greatly reduced. At one day post-treatment, many hair cell nuclei were condensed or fragmented indicative of apoptosis, and expressed initiator caspase-8 and executioner caspase-3, but not initiator caspase-9. Carboplatin-treated animals circled towards the treated ear and during the swim test rolled towards the treated ear. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that local application of carboplatin causes loss of hair cells that begins near the base of the cochlea and spreads towards the apex with increasing survival time. Hair cell loss is initiated by caspase-8 followed by executioner caspase-3.

目的:在龙猫中，中等剂量的卡铂系统选择性地破坏内毛细胞和I型前庭毛细胞;然而，目前尚不清楚如果卡铂直接应用于耳蜗，这种独特的损伤模式是否会持续存在，损伤发展的速度有多快，以及涉及哪些细胞死亡途径。研究设计:为了解决这些问题，将卡铂(5mg /ml, 50µl)应用于圆窗。结果:卡铂引起畸变产物耳声发射迅速下降，复合动作电位阈值明显升高，引起大量内毛细胞损失，外毛细胞损失较轻。耳蜗基部的毛细胞损失最初比耳蜗顶端严重，但在治疗28天后，大部分耳蜗毛细胞缺失，耳蜗小囊、囊和侧嵴的毛细胞密度大大降低。在治疗后1天，许多毛细胞细胞核浓缩或破碎，表明细胞凋亡，表达启动子caspase-8和执行子caspase-3，但不表达启动子caspase-9。卡铂治疗的动物向治疗的耳朵旋转，并在游泳试验中向治疗的耳朵滚动。结论:局部应用卡铂可引起耳蜗毛细胞的丧失，随着生存时间的延长，毛细胞从耳蜗基部附近开始向耳蜗顶端扩散。毛细胞脱落是由caspase-8引发的，随后是刽子手caspase-3。

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引用次数: 16

Advances in Auditory and Vestibular Medicine. 听觉和前庭医学进展》。

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.3109/02841860903364076

Mohamed A Hamid, Dennis R Trune, Mayank B Dutia

Auditory and Vestibular medicine is becoming more accepted as a specialty of its own, Medical NeurOtology. Recent advances in the field have been instrumental in the understanding of the scientific foundations, pathophysiology, clinical approach and management of patients with hearing and vestibular disorders. This paper will review these advances.

听觉和前庭医学作为一个独立的专科--医学神经病学，正逐渐被人们所接受。该领域的最新进展有助于人们了解听觉和前庭疾病患者的科学基础、病理生理学、临床方法和管理。本文将回顾这些进展。

引用次数: 0

PET study of auditory plasticity: Helping to address decision making for cochlear implantation of adults 听觉可塑性的PET研究:帮助解决成人人工耳蜗植入的决策

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/16513860802628233

F. J. Cervera-paz, J. Arbizu, E. Prieto, M. Manrique

The study of regional cerebral metabolism by positron emission tomography (PET) can be applied to the primary and associative auditory cortices, providing important information about normal hearing, hearing loss, and the neuroplasticity processes of the auditory system. We have reviewed the pertinent literature to provide the most significant facts that may help clinicians in the selection phase of a cochlear implant programme. PET-scan studies offer vital information concerning the time process for hearing restoration in cases of severe-profound hearing impairment. Additionally, we report a short case series of eight patients with long-lasting unilateral profound hearing loss combined with the contralateral ear having some functional hearing. These patients are quite difficult to counsel in the process of selection for cochlear implantation, as there is a lack of functional information on neural plasticity. PET-scan studies permit an evaluation of activation of both primary auditory cortices in patients with profound hearing impairment in one ear and contralateral functional hearing. This helps us to settle the question of a possible indication for a cochlear implant in the deaf ear.

利用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)研究区域脑代谢可以应用于初级和联合听觉皮层，为听力正常、听力损失和听觉系统的神经可塑性过程提供重要信息。我们已经回顾了相关文献，以提供最重要的事实，可能有助于临床医生在人工耳蜗方案的选择阶段。pet扫描研究为重度听力损伤患者听力恢复的时间过程提供了重要信息。此外，我们报告了8例长期单侧深度听力损失合并对侧耳朵有一些功能性听力的患者的简短病例系列。由于缺乏神经可塑性的功能信息，这些患者在选择人工耳蜗植入术的过程中很难进行咨询。pet扫描研究允许对单耳重度听力损伤患者和对侧功能性听力患者的初级听觉皮质激活进行评估。这有助于我们解决在耳聋中植入人工耳蜗的可能指征问题。

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引用次数: 5

Estimation of the degree of inner and outer hair cell dysfunction from distortion product otoacoustic emission input/output functions 从畸变产物耳声发射输入/输出函数估计内外部毛细胞功能障碍程度

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/16513860802622491

E. Lopez-Poveda, P. T. Johannesen, M. Merchán

Cochlear hearing loss is one of the most common forms of disability. It frequently relates to selective or combined dysfunction of inner (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). Current clinical methods do not allow an accurate estimation of the degree of dysfunction of each cell type, yet such estimation could be highly informative for optimizing hearing aid fitting. Here, it is proposed that the degree of IHC and OHC dysfunction may be estimated from DPOAE input/output curves. It is argued that the controversial aspects of the interpretation of these curves may be elucidated by comparing DPOAE input/output curves with corresponding cochlear input/output curves inferred psychophysically in the same subject. The evidence in support of these ideas is reviewed. We conclude that DPOAE input/output curves obtained with current standard clinical parameters may be used to infer the degree of IHC and OHC dysfunction at 4 kHz but not at lower frequencies. Ideas for further research are presented and discussed.

耳蜗听力损失是最常见的残疾形式之一。它通常与内毛细胞(IHCs)和外毛细胞(OHCs)的选择性或联合功能障碍有关。目前的临床方法不能准确估计每种细胞类型的功能障碍程度，但这种估计可以为优化助听器安装提供高度信息。本文提出可以通过DPOAE输入/输出曲线来估计IHC和OHC功能障碍的程度。本文认为，通过比较DPOAE输入/输出曲线与同一受试者心理物理推断的相应耳蜗输入/输出曲线，可以阐明这些曲线解释中有争议的方面。本文回顾了支持这些观点的证据。我们得出结论，使用当前标准临床参数获得的DPOAE输入/输出曲线可用于推断4 kHz时IHC和OHC功能障碍的程度，但不能用于较低频率。提出并讨论了进一步研究的思路。

引用次数: 12

The effects of a pre-fitting intervention on hearing aid benefit: A randomized controlled trial 预配干预对助听器效益的影响:一项随机对照试验

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513860903309790

M. Öberg, G. Andersson, Gunilla Wänström, T. Lunner

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-fitting user-controlled hearing aid adjustments. Study design: Thirty-nine first time hearing aid users with mild to moderate hearing losses were randomly assigned to a pre-fitting intervention group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 20). The pre-fitting intervention consisted of three weekly visits, where the hearing aid candidate adjusted the amplification of an experimental hearing aid to preferred settings, and wore the aid between the visits. After the pre-fitting intervention phase, both groups received conventional hearing aid fittings. Standardized questionnaires (HHIE, ECHO, SADL, HADS) were administered before and after the pre-fitting intervention, after the conventional hearing aid fittings, and at a one-year follow-up. In addition, the IOI-HA questionnaire was administered immediately after the conventional hearing aid fitting and at the one-year follow-up. Hearing aid success was evaluated by an independent audiologist at the one-year follow-up appointment. Results: The pre-fitting intervention phase showed positive effects for the intervention group but not for the control group on activity limitation, participation restriction and expectations. However, the intervention in its current version had no lasting effects beyond the control group after conventional hearing aid fitting or after a year. Both groups showed mostly successful hearing aid fittings, improved psychosocial well-being and quality of life, and reduced participation restriction. Conclusion: Only short-term effects were found and further research is needed to investigate for which individuals the intervention could be effective.

摘要目的:本研究的目的是探讨预配用户控制的助听器调节的效果。研究设计:39名轻度至中度听力损失的首次助听器使用者随机分为预配干预组(n = 19)和对照组(n = 20)。预配干预包括每周三次访问，其中助听器候选人调整实验助听器的放大到首选设置，并在两次访问之间佩戴助听器。在预配干预阶段结束后，两组均接受常规助听器配装。标准化问卷(HHIE、ECHO、SADL、HADS)分别在预配干预前后、常规助听器配装后和一年随访时进行。此外，在常规助听器安装后立即进行IOI-HA问卷调查，并在一年的随访中进行问卷调查。助听器的成功与否由一名独立听力学家在一年的随访中进行评估。结果:预拟合干预阶段在活动限制、参与限制和期望方面对干预组有正向影响，对对照组无正向影响。然而，在常规助听器安装后或一年后，当前版本的干预没有比对照组更持久的效果。两组患者的助听器安装大多成功，心理健康和生活质量得到改善，参与限制减少。结论:仅发现短期效果，需要进一步研究干预对哪些个体有效。

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引用次数: 6

Acknowledgement to our referees 向我们的推荐人致谢

Audiological medicine

Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.3109/16513860903350711

引用次数: 0

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