Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10233
S. Kondrashev
Input of different spectral types of photoreceptors in amphibian colour vision has been assessed by studying the behaviour of male toads Bufo bufo and B. gargarizans in a laboratory. This method is based on the males’ innate reaction of approaching and clasping any visual object during the breeding season. A pair of colour stimuli made of paper or displayed on a LCD monitor has been selected to match the toad’s RGB colour space so that they differ by excitation of only a single spectral class of retinal photoreceptors. With pairwise presentation, the males are found to prefer a more ‘bluish’, or a less ‘reddish’, or a less ‘greenish’ stimulus from each pair. A microspectrophotometry of isolated rod and cone photoreceptors and an observation of behavioural responses in toads have revealed a trichromatic mesopic visual system based on a positive input from blue-sensitive photoreceptors and negative inputs from red-sensitive cones and green-sensitive rods. It is supposed that the observed colour preference and involvement of different chromatic mechanisms determine social interactions of anurans during mate choice.
{"title":"Trichromatic vision in toads: evidence from preference for colour objects during mate choice","authors":"S. Kondrashev","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Input of different spectral types of photoreceptors in amphibian colour vision has been assessed by studying the behaviour of male toads Bufo bufo and B. gargarizans in a laboratory. This method is based on the males’ innate reaction of approaching and clasping any visual object during the breeding season. A pair of colour stimuli made of paper or displayed on a LCD monitor has been selected to match the toad’s RGB colour space so that they differ by excitation of only a single spectral class of retinal photoreceptors. With pairwise presentation, the males are found to prefer a more ‘bluish’, or a less ‘reddish’, or a less ‘greenish’ stimulus from each pair. A microspectrophotometry of isolated rod and cone photoreceptors and an observation of behavioural responses in toads have revealed a trichromatic mesopic visual system based on a positive input from blue-sensitive photoreceptors and negative inputs from red-sensitive cones and green-sensitive rods. It is supposed that the observed colour preference and involvement of different chromatic mechanisms determine social interactions of anurans during mate choice.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47488873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10229
M. L. Allen, F. Rovero, V. Oberosler, Claudio Augugliaro, M. Krofel
Olfactory communication is important for many solitary carnivores to delineate territories and communicate with potential mates and competitors. Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) are small felids with little published research on their ecology and behaviour, including if they avoid or change behaviours due to dominant carnivores. We studied their olfactory communication and visitation at scent-marking sites using camera traps in two study areas in Mongolia. We documented four types of olfactory communication behaviours, and olfaction (sniffing) was the most frequent. Pallas’s cats used olfactory communication most frequently at sites that were not visited by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and when they used communal scent-marking sites, they were more likely to use olfactory communication when a longer time had elapsed since the last visit by a snow leopard. This suggests that Pallas’s cats may reduce advertising their presence in response to occurrence of snow leopards, possibly to limit predation risk.
{"title":"Effects of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) on olfactory communication of Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) in the Altai Mountains, Mongolia","authors":"M. L. Allen, F. Rovero, V. Oberosler, Claudio Augugliaro, M. Krofel","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Olfactory communication is important for many solitary carnivores to delineate territories and communicate with potential mates and competitors. Pallas’s cats (Otocolobus manul) are small felids with little published research on their ecology and behaviour, including if they avoid or change behaviours due to dominant carnivores. We studied their olfactory communication and visitation at scent-marking sites using camera traps in two study areas in Mongolia. We documented four types of olfactory communication behaviours, and olfaction (sniffing) was the most frequent. Pallas’s cats used olfactory communication most frequently at sites that were not visited by snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and when they used communal scent-marking sites, they were more likely to use olfactory communication when a longer time had elapsed since the last visit by a snow leopard. This suggests that Pallas’s cats may reduce advertising their presence in response to occurrence of snow leopards, possibly to limit predation risk.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10222
Andrea Esquivel-Román, W. Dáttilo, M. Cruz-Rosales, Ek del Val, D. González‐Tokman
Dung beetles have been introduced to non-native sites to perform dung removal function in cattle pastures. Despite some species becoming invasive, their behavioural and reproductive strategies remain to be elucidated in detail. Here we evaluated the shift in behaviour and reproduction of two species of dung beetles, Euoniticellus intermedius and Digitonthophagus gazella, when they interact with the same or other species out of their native range. Under natural conditions, E. intermedius brood masses were lighter in traps (i.e., field enclosures) with more total brood masses. In the laboratory, D. gazella induced faster dung colonization by E. intermedius and conspecifics. The presence of conspecifics or heterospecifics reduced reproductive success in D. gazella, revealing intense competition for dung. In the offspring, E. intermedius females emerged larger in the presence of D. gazella, revealing differential maternal investment triggered by competitors. In conclusion, behavioural and reproductive plasticity are fundamental for dung beetles to become successful invaders.
{"title":"Invader’s success: behavioural and reproductive plasticity of interacting exotic dung beetles","authors":"Andrea Esquivel-Román, W. Dáttilo, M. Cruz-Rosales, Ek del Val, D. González‐Tokman","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Dung beetles have been introduced to non-native sites to perform dung removal function in cattle pastures. Despite some species becoming invasive, their behavioural and reproductive strategies remain to be elucidated in detail. Here we evaluated the shift in behaviour and reproduction of two species of dung beetles, Euoniticellus intermedius and Digitonthophagus gazella, when they interact with the same or other species out of their native range. Under natural conditions, E. intermedius brood masses were lighter in traps (i.e., field enclosures) with more total brood masses. In the laboratory, D. gazella induced faster dung colonization by E. intermedius and conspecifics. The presence of conspecifics or heterospecifics reduced reproductive success in D. gazella, revealing intense competition for dung. In the offspring, E. intermedius females emerged larger in the presence of D. gazella, revealing differential maternal investment triggered by competitors. In conclusion, behavioural and reproductive plasticity are fundamental for dung beetles to become successful invaders.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47575908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10223
Camilla Cenni, I. N. Wandia, J. Leca
We documented evidence of idiosyncratic but repeated twig-assisted genital stimulation by Balinese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), living in Ubud, Indonesia. This population is known to customarily engage in genital stone-tapping/-rubbing, a behaviour expressed by males and females of different age classes as part of a broader cultural repertoire of stone-directed and overall playful actions known as stone handling. However, genital stimulation using other objects has never been reported in this population and species. We observed repeated and extensive twig-assisted genital stimulation in one adult female and one adult male. We also recorded three instances of twig-assisted genital stimulation in three additional individuals. Our results indicate that this behaviour is not accidental and may be sexually motivated; that is, it may be another form of tool-assisted masturbation in this primate population. This report provides a valuable addition to the increasing literature on tool-assisted behavioural innovations pertaining to self-care and possibly pleasure.
{"title":"Twig-assisted masturbation in Balinese long-tailed macaques","authors":"Camilla Cenni, I. N. Wandia, J. Leca","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10223","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000We documented evidence of idiosyncratic but repeated twig-assisted genital stimulation by Balinese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), living in Ubud, Indonesia. This population is known to customarily engage in genital stone-tapping/-rubbing, a behaviour expressed by males and females of different age classes as part of a broader cultural repertoire of stone-directed and overall playful actions known as stone handling. However, genital stimulation using other objects has never been reported in this population and species. We observed repeated and extensive twig-assisted genital stimulation in one adult female and one adult male. We also recorded three instances of twig-assisted genital stimulation in three additional individuals. Our results indicate that this behaviour is not accidental and may be sexually motivated; that is, it may be another form of tool-assisted masturbation in this primate population. This report provides a valuable addition to the increasing literature on tool-assisted behavioural innovations pertaining to self-care and possibly pleasure.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45572575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10224
Andrew C. Katsis, Lauren K. Common, Mark E. Hauber, Diane Colombelli‐Négrel, S. Kleindorfer
Personality traits can remain consistent throughout adult life, but it is less clear when these behavioural differences first arise and whether they are maintained across ontogenetic stages. We measured personality across three life stages (nestling, fledgling, and adult) in a wild population of superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). We assessed (1) boldness (response to human handling, at all three stages), (2) exploration (response to a novel environment, in fledglings and adults) and (3) aggressiveness (response to mirror-image stimulation, in fledglings and adults). Personality differences were often consistent within life stages but never across them: specifically, aggressiveness was repeatable in fledglings and all three traits were repeatable in adults. We had insufficient statistical evidence for the presence of behavioural syndromes between any of our three personality traits, either at the fledgling or adult stages. Our results suggest that long-term personality traits may not become entrenched until adulthood in this species.
{"title":"From nestling to adult: personality traits are consistent within but not across life stages in a wild songbird","authors":"Andrew C. Katsis, Lauren K. Common, Mark E. Hauber, Diane Colombelli‐Négrel, S. Kleindorfer","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10224","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Personality traits can remain consistent throughout adult life, but it is less clear when these behavioural differences first arise and whether they are maintained across ontogenetic stages. We measured personality across three life stages (nestling, fledgling, and adult) in a wild population of superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus). We assessed (1) boldness (response to human handling, at all three stages), (2) exploration (response to a novel environment, in fledglings and adults) and (3) aggressiveness (response to mirror-image stimulation, in fledglings and adults). Personality differences were often consistent within life stages but never across them: specifically, aggressiveness was repeatable in fledglings and all three traits were repeatable in adults. We had insufficient statistical evidence for the presence of behavioural syndromes between any of our three personality traits, either at the fledgling or adult stages. Our results suggest that long-term personality traits may not become entrenched until adulthood in this species.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43655401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10228
H. Takada, R. Yano, H. Watanabe, R. Ohuchi, T. Kanno, A. Washida, K. Nakamura, N. Tezuka, D. Shimodoumae, M. Minami
In ungulate assemblages, although interspecific differences in body size and gregariousness are thought to have a direct impact on winning or losing in interference competition, this has not been fully investigated. We observed a total of 64 instances of interspecific contact between larger-gregarious sika deer and smaller-solitary Japanese serows over eight years field observations. Deer-to-serow aggression were never observed. Whereas, serows showed antagonistic behaviour, such as walk push and chasing, to deer, but could rarely displace deer. Serows showed higher alertness to deer than deer did to serows. These results suggest that larger-gregarious ungulates do not necessarily exclude smaller-solitary ones and serows are sensitive to the presence of deer. Differences in aggressiveness and alertness between deer and serows may reflect differences in territoriality: serows may be more sensitive to the invasion of deer into their territory. Serows’ sensitivity to deer may have a negative effect on their population.
{"title":"Behavioural interactions between sika deer and Japanese serows: are larger and gregarious ungulates dominant?","authors":"H. Takada, R. Yano, H. Watanabe, R. Ohuchi, T. Kanno, A. Washida, K. Nakamura, N. Tezuka, D. Shimodoumae, M. Minami","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In ungulate assemblages, although interspecific differences in body size and gregariousness are thought to have a direct impact on winning or losing in interference competition, this has not been fully investigated. We observed a total of 64 instances of interspecific contact between larger-gregarious sika deer and smaller-solitary Japanese serows over eight years field observations. Deer-to-serow aggression were never observed. Whereas, serows showed antagonistic behaviour, such as walk push and chasing, to deer, but could rarely displace deer. Serows showed higher alertness to deer than deer did to serows. These results suggest that larger-gregarious ungulates do not necessarily exclude smaller-solitary ones and serows are sensitive to the presence of deer. Differences in aggressiveness and alertness between deer and serows may reflect differences in territoriality: serows may be more sensitive to the invasion of deer into their territory. Serows’ sensitivity to deer may have a negative effect on their population.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48104939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10227
Qiaz Q. H. Hua, M. Nande, Z. Doubleday, B. Gillanders
Food imprinting has both ecological and evolutionary significance but the generality of these patterns for octopods remains unknown. We aim to determine the prey preference of Octopus berrima hatchlings and whether it may be modified through imprinting. Firstly, hatchlings were given isopods, amphipods and mussels to determine their prey preference ranking. In a separate experiment, embryos were exposed to the visual and chemical stimuli of either isopods, amphipods or mussels separately at least a week before hatching. A prey preference test on hatchlings using all three prey types was conducted. We found that O. berrima had a preference ranking of isopods > amphipods > mussels. However, they retained their isopod prey preference regardless of the prey type they were embryonically exposed to, indicating that it is likely pre-determined as a result of innate biological processes rather than from life experience, providing evidence that imprinting does not occur in O. berrima.
{"title":"Innate response to first feeding in Octopus berrima hatchlings despite embryonic food imprinting","authors":"Qiaz Q. H. Hua, M. Nande, Z. Doubleday, B. Gillanders","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Food imprinting has both ecological and evolutionary significance but the generality of these patterns for octopods remains unknown. We aim to determine the prey preference of Octopus berrima hatchlings and whether it may be modified through imprinting. Firstly, hatchlings were given isopods, amphipods and mussels to determine their prey preference ranking. In a separate experiment, embryos were exposed to the visual and chemical stimuli of either isopods, amphipods or mussels separately at least a week before hatching. A prey preference test on hatchlings using all three prey types was conducted. We found that O. berrima had a preference ranking of isopods > amphipods > mussels. However, they retained their isopod prey preference regardless of the prey type they were embryonically exposed to, indicating that it is likely pre-determined as a result of innate biological processes rather than from life experience, providing evidence that imprinting does not occur in O. berrima.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46211553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10225
Abbigail M. Turner, Victoria N. Sluis, E. J. Williams, T. J. Benson, Martin P. Ward, Mark E. Hauber
American robins (Turdus migratorius) are among few hosts of parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) that frequently eject foreign eggs from their nests. However, we know little about some characteristics of the robins’ egg ejection process including its distance and direction. We used a novel technique (i.e., radio transmitters inserted into 3D-printed eggshells) to examine egg rejection in female robins as a function of model egg coloration (i.e., robin-mimetic blue, non-mimetic deep blue, and non-mimetic beige). Based on prior work, we predicted that female robins’ egg ejection decisions would be dependent on egg coloration. Accordingly, we found a significant effect of female identity (using nest identity as a proxy) and model egg colour on egg ejection, but neither predicted ejection distance or direction. Deep blue model eggs had shorter ejection latencies than beige eggs. Fully characterizing the egg ejection process will allow us to further understand the mechanisms and outcomes of egg ejection behaviours in host-parasite interactions.
{"title":"Examining causes and characteristics of egg ejection behaviour in the American robin (Turdus migratorius)","authors":"Abbigail M. Turner, Victoria N. Sluis, E. J. Williams, T. J. Benson, Martin P. Ward, Mark E. Hauber","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000American robins (Turdus migratorius) are among few hosts of parasitic brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) that frequently eject foreign eggs from their nests. However, we know little about some characteristics of the robins’ egg ejection process including its distance and direction. We used a novel technique (i.e., radio transmitters inserted into 3D-printed eggshells) to examine egg rejection in female robins as a function of model egg coloration (i.e., robin-mimetic blue, non-mimetic deep blue, and non-mimetic beige). Based on prior work, we predicted that female robins’ egg ejection decisions would be dependent on egg coloration. Accordingly, we found a significant effect of female identity (using nest identity as a proxy) and model egg colour on egg ejection, but neither predicted ejection distance or direction. Deep blue model eggs had shorter ejection latencies than beige eggs. Fully characterizing the egg ejection process will allow us to further understand the mechanisms and outcomes of egg ejection behaviours in host-parasite interactions.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43958160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10220
Demeng Jiang, Fangyuan Hua, E. Goodale
Mobbing is a prevalent anti-predatory behaviour in birds where prey actively engage in harassing predators. Functional traits have been shown to affect prey species’ tendency to engage in mobbing, but empirical studies have largely neglected to assess the influence of some other potentially important functional traits, such as intraspecific and interspecific sociality, on mobbing or measured different aspects of the behaviour. In this study, we performed playback experiments that elicited mobbing responses from a forest bird community in southern China, to investigate the influence of body mass, foraging strata, as well as intra- and interspecific sociality, on the prevalence of mobbing, as well as the intensity of aggression and vocalness. We found that species with small body masses engaged in more frequent and intense mobbing behaviours. Notably, interspecific sociality was negatively associated with birds’ mobbing prevalence and tended to be negatively associated with vocalness.
{"title":"Functional traits including interspecific sociality affect mobbing behaviour in a bird community of southern China","authors":"Demeng Jiang, Fangyuan Hua, E. Goodale","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Mobbing is a prevalent anti-predatory behaviour in birds where prey actively engage in harassing predators. Functional traits have been shown to affect prey species’ tendency to engage in mobbing, but empirical studies have largely neglected to assess the influence of some other potentially important functional traits, such as intraspecific and interspecific sociality, on mobbing or measured different aspects of the behaviour. In this study, we performed playback experiments that elicited mobbing responses from a forest bird community in southern China, to investigate the influence of body mass, foraging strata, as well as intra- and interspecific sociality, on the prevalence of mobbing, as well as the intensity of aggression and vocalness. We found that species with small body masses engaged in more frequent and intense mobbing behaviours. Notably, interspecific sociality was negatively associated with birds’ mobbing prevalence and tended to be negatively associated with vocalness.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42303518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10219
Á. Gór, A. Fónagy, Kata Pásztor, V. Szigeti, Zsolt Lang, J. Kis
Sexual conflict over mating may induce male mate-guarding prolonged in time in the absence of males, via devices such as mating plugs, widespread in insects. In most Lepidoptera, internal plugs are common, while in some butterfly families large external devices, called sphragides, evolved independently. Lack of, or incomplete sphragis in a few individuals were reported in sphragis-bearing species. Previous studies focused on typifying species-specific devices in a few specimens of many species. In contrast, we investigated alternative mate-guarding devices in detail of a sphragis-bearing butterfly. We conducted a six-year observational field study in a Clouded Apollo Parnassius mnemosyne population. Inspecting 492 females, we identified 3 different devices, filament, stopple and shield (i.e., sphragis) increasing in size and structure complexity, implying differential male investment and effectiveness in securing paternity. Shield dimensions, colour and all devices’ shapes varied considerably. Shields were far more frequent than other devices. Some devices were lost, and a few were video-recorded when removed by males, showing the role of different parts of male external genitalia. We discuss potential causes of device variation and the role of removal attempts, and assess potential costs and benefits for both sexes.
{"title":"Facultative male investment in prolonged mate-guarding in a butterfly","authors":"Á. Gór, A. Fónagy, Kata Pásztor, V. Szigeti, Zsolt Lang, J. Kis","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Sexual conflict over mating may induce male mate-guarding prolonged in time in the absence of males, via devices such as mating plugs, widespread in insects. In most Lepidoptera, internal plugs are common, while in some butterfly families large external devices, called sphragides, evolved independently. Lack of, or incomplete sphragis in a few individuals were reported in sphragis-bearing species. Previous studies focused on typifying species-specific devices in a few specimens of many species. In contrast, we investigated alternative mate-guarding devices in detail of a sphragis-bearing butterfly. We conducted a six-year observational field study in a Clouded Apollo Parnassius mnemosyne population. Inspecting 492 females, we identified 3 different devices, filament, stopple and shield (i.e., sphragis) increasing in size and structure complexity, implying differential male investment and effectiveness in securing paternity. Shield dimensions, colour and all devices’ shapes varied considerably. Shields were far more frequent than other devices. Some devices were lost, and a few were video-recorded when removed by males, showing the role of different parts of male external genitalia. We discuss potential causes of device variation and the role of removal attempts, and assess potential costs and benefits for both sexes.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45004940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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