Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10167
Ivana Novčič, Z. Vidović, M. Hauber
Classic models of vigilance assume instantaneous and sequential randomness in the scanning process, implying negative exponential distribution of interscan durations and no interdependence among successive interscans. We examined whether vigilance pattern by preening black-headed gulls, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, meets these assumptions. Out of 54 behavioural sequences, 50 departed from the expected negative exponential distribution, whereas the focal interscan duration was significantly affected by the interaction of the preceding scan and the interscan interval. These results reveal departures from randomness in the scanning process by gulls, which may be a consequence of the hunting strategies of their predators or due to the trade-off between the needs for feather maintenance and antipredator vigilance.
{"title":"Nonrandom pattern of vigilance by preening black-headed gulls","authors":"Ivana Novčič, Z. Vidović, M. Hauber","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10167","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Classic models of vigilance assume instantaneous and sequential randomness in the scanning process, implying negative exponential distribution of interscan durations and no interdependence among successive interscans. We examined whether vigilance pattern by preening black-headed gulls, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, meets these assumptions. Out of 54 behavioural sequences, 50 departed from the expected negative exponential distribution, whereas the focal interscan duration was significantly affected by the interaction of the preceding scan and the interscan interval. These results reveal departures from randomness in the scanning process by gulls, which may be a consequence of the hunting strategies of their predators or due to the trade-off between the needs for feather maintenance and antipredator vigilance.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42826312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10166
Kristin Havercamp, Matilda Brindle, V. Sommer, S. Hirata
Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) has been reported for males of only a few mammalian species, including humans, albeit this scarcity might be an artefact of the difficulty of documenting it. We investigated NPT in 12 adult male chimpanzees living in an all-male group at Kumamoto Sanctuary, Japan. Recorded non-invasively with infrared video cameras across 72 nights (6 per individual), we observed NPT in two thirds of the individuals (8/12), with events in total. More than three quarters occurred during a transition from sleep to wakefulness, suggesting NPT may be associated with rapid eye movement sleep, similar to humans. Masturbation occurred in conjunction with NPT, including the likely consumption of ejaculate, in 4–6 individuals. While detailing nocturnal erections in chimpanzees may help us to better understand this robust physiological phenomenon in humans, further comparative research is necessary to reconstruct its phylogenetic history. At present, our findings support hypothetical functional explanations such as the facilitation of nocturnal emissions in order to increase ejaculate quality or an increase in tissue oxygenation to prevent erectile dysfunction.
{"title":"Spontaneous nocturnal erections and masturbation in captive male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","authors":"Kristin Havercamp, Matilda Brindle, V. Sommer, S. Hirata","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10166","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) has been reported for males of only a few mammalian species, including humans, albeit this scarcity might be an artefact of the difficulty of documenting it. We investigated NPT in 12 adult male chimpanzees living in an all-male group at Kumamoto Sanctuary, Japan. Recorded non-invasively with infrared video cameras across 72 nights (6 per individual), we observed NPT in two thirds of the individuals (8/12), with events in total. More than three quarters occurred during a transition from sleep to wakefulness, suggesting NPT may be associated with rapid eye movement sleep, similar to humans. Masturbation occurred in conjunction with NPT, including the likely consumption of ejaculate, in 4–6 individuals. While detailing nocturnal erections in chimpanzees may help us to better understand this robust physiological phenomenon in humans, further comparative research is necessary to reconstruct its phylogenetic history. At present, our findings support hypothetical functional explanations such as the facilitation of nocturnal emissions in order to increase ejaculate quality or an increase in tissue oxygenation to prevent erectile dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46159527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10165
F. Tina, Daisuke Muramatsu
Females often choose mates based on their courtship signals. Males may signal their heritable genetic quality, defended resources, or parental care efforts; however, the reasons why females choose males based on their signals are often not clear. Here, we show that, in the fiddler crab Austruca perplexa, male signals (major-claw waving rates) were correlated with important characteristics of their defended resources (width and depth of breeding burrows). By using the male signals, females may be able to roughly predict the burrow quality and decide whether to enter and check the burrow characteristics. The signals are predicted to be honest because the female’s final decision is based on burrow quality. Since females can reject males if their burrow quality is insufficient for breeding, the courtship efforts of deceptive males will be dismissed. The honesty of the signals is beneficial for both sexes and thus easily evolved in their signalling system.
{"title":"Males signal their breeding burrow characteristics to females in the fiddler crab Austruca perplexa","authors":"F. Tina, Daisuke Muramatsu","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10165","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Females often choose mates based on their courtship signals. Males may signal their heritable genetic quality, defended resources, or parental care efforts; however, the reasons why females choose males based on their signals are often not clear. Here, we show that, in the fiddler crab Austruca perplexa, male signals (major-claw waving rates) were correlated with important characteristics of their defended resources (width and depth of breeding burrows). By using the male signals, females may be able to roughly predict the burrow quality and decide whether to enter and check the burrow characteristics. The signals are predicted to be honest because the female’s final decision is based on burrow quality. Since females can reject males if their burrow quality is insufficient for breeding, the courtship efforts of deceptive males will be dismissed. The honesty of the signals is beneficial for both sexes and thus easily evolved in their signalling system.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10164
Sasindu L. Gunawardana, K. Larsen
Unfavourable conditions within familiar environments may prompt organisms to make forays into other habitats, at least temporarily. This behaviour is in turn linked to key demographic processes such as immigration, emigration, and eventually, metapopulation dynamics. How such movements are triggered by environmental conditions (much less their interaction effects) has rarely been experimentally tested. To address this, we examined how environmental conditions (3 levels of food and 3 levels of humidity) within a microcosm affect the movements of two species of isopods (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio scaber) out of their familiar habitat. We used web-camera checkpoints to record the movements of individually marked animals as they conducted forays along corridors that lead to new, unused habitats. Thirty-six trials were run in total for each species, with each trial involving 16 animals (8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀). Relatively unfavourable conditions of low humidity, low food levels, and their interaction prompted changes to all the foray metrics we measured. However, different levels of mobility and tolerance to desiccation between the two species also appeared linked to the degree of responses, e.g., Porcellio demonstrated a greater tendency to depart from familiar habitat under low humidity, possibly due to their superior mobility and greater susceptibility to desiccation. This study improves our understanding of how different environmental conditions act in concert to affect the exploratory movements away from familiar habitat, and how these responses differ even for closely-related species.
{"title":"Comparative exploratory movements of two terrestrial isopods (suborder: Oniscidea), in response to humidity and availability of food","authors":"Sasindu L. Gunawardana, K. Larsen","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10164","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Unfavourable conditions within familiar environments may prompt organisms to make forays into other habitats, at least temporarily. This behaviour is in turn linked to key demographic processes such as immigration, emigration, and eventually, metapopulation dynamics. How such movements are triggered by environmental conditions (much less their interaction effects) has rarely been experimentally tested. To address this, we examined how environmental conditions (3 levels of food and 3 levels of humidity) within a microcosm affect the movements of two species of isopods (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio scaber) out of their familiar habitat. We used web-camera checkpoints to record the movements of individually marked animals as they conducted forays along corridors that lead to new, unused habitats. Thirty-six trials were run in total for each species, with each trial involving 16 animals (8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀). Relatively unfavourable conditions of low humidity, low food levels, and their interaction prompted changes to all the foray metrics we measured. However, different levels of mobility and tolerance to desiccation between the two species also appeared linked to the degree of responses, e.g., Porcellio demonstrated a greater tendency to depart from familiar habitat under low humidity, possibly due to their superior mobility and greater susceptibility to desiccation. This study improves our understanding of how different environmental conditions act in concert to affect the exploratory movements away from familiar habitat, and how these responses differ even for closely-related species.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44906928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10163
Elizabeth M. Kurpiers, F. Weckerly
Herbivores use vigilance to reduce predation risk and interact socially, yet it imposes a foraging efficiency cost. As individuals spend more time with their head up being vigilant, time available to search for and ingest food decreases. We explored whether ungulates can strategically modify behaviours to compensate for vigilance costs via increased cropping rate when food searching time was near-zero and bite sizes were small. We compared the proportion of time individuals had their head up to their cropping rate (bites/observation length) in 271 observations of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti). Using a linear mixed-effect model, we estimated the head up–cropping rate relationship and found that elk cropping rate was constant across varying lengths of time spent with their head up, indicating no vigilance compensation occurred via increased cropping rate. We discuss settings when cropping rate compensation is expected and other behaviours that might mitigate vigilance costs.
{"title":"When can cropping rate compensate for increased vigilance?","authors":"Elizabeth M. Kurpiers, F. Weckerly","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10163","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Herbivores use vigilance to reduce predation risk and interact socially, yet it imposes a foraging efficiency cost. As individuals spend more time with their head up being vigilant, time available to search for and ingest food decreases. We explored whether ungulates can strategically modify behaviours to compensate for vigilance costs via increased cropping rate when food searching time was near-zero and bite sizes were small. We compared the proportion of time individuals had their head up to their cropping rate (bites/observation length) in 271 observations of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti). Using a linear mixed-effect model, we estimated the head up–cropping rate relationship and found that elk cropping rate was constant across varying lengths of time spent with their head up, indicating no vigilance compensation occurred via increased cropping rate. We discuss settings when cropping rate compensation is expected and other behaviours that might mitigate vigilance costs.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49404177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10160
Hannah Frogge, R. A. Jones, Samuel Angedakin, Richard Busobozi, Prime Kabagambe, Felix O. Angwela, Nicole Thompson González, Michelle Brown
Changes in population size are driven by environmental and social factors. In spite of repeated efforts to identify the constraints on an unusually low-density population of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), it remains unclear why this generalist species fails to thrive in Kibale National Park in Uganda. While an unidentified disease may occasionally obstruct conception, it does not seem to limit overall reproductive rates. Infanticide at this site is infrequent due to the long tenures of resident males. Our analyses indicate that the single biggest constraint on blue monkey densities may be feeding competition with grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena): across Kibale, the densities of these two species are strongly and negatively correlated. Though further analysis is needed to understand the timing and strength of feeding competition between them, we conclude that blue monkeys at Ngogo experience competitive exclusion from grey-cheeked mangabeys, possibly resolving the 50-year mystery surrounding this population.
{"title":"Constraints on population growth of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in Kibale National Park, Uganda","authors":"Hannah Frogge, R. A. Jones, Samuel Angedakin, Richard Busobozi, Prime Kabagambe, Felix O. Angwela, Nicole Thompson González, Michelle Brown","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Changes in population size are driven by environmental and social factors. In spite of repeated efforts to identify the constraints on an unusually low-density population of blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), it remains unclear why this generalist species fails to thrive in Kibale National Park in Uganda. While an unidentified disease may occasionally obstruct conception, it does not seem to limit overall reproductive rates. Infanticide at this site is infrequent due to the long tenures of resident males. Our analyses indicate that the single biggest constraint on blue monkey densities may be feeding competition with grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena): across Kibale, the densities of these two species are strongly and negatively correlated. Though further analysis is needed to understand the timing and strength of feeding competition between them, we conclude that blue monkeys at Ngogo experience competitive exclusion from grey-cheeked mangabeys, possibly resolving the 50-year mystery surrounding this population.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49455991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10161
Noëlle Gunst, J. Leca, P. Vasey
We analysed heterosexual consortships in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques in which adult females routinely perform female-to-male mounting (FMM). We tested whether FMM is more efficient (i.e., a ‘supernormal courtship’ behavioural pattern) than species-typical female-to-male sexual solicitations (FMSS) at prompting subsequent male-to-female mounts (MFM). In a context of high female-female competition for male mates, we found that (1) FMM functioned to focus the male consort partner’s attention as efficiently as FMSS and prevented him from moving away, and (2) FMM was more efficient than species-typical FMSS at expediting MFM (i.e., the most fitness-enhancing sexual behaviour of a mating sequence). We concluded that FMM could be considered a supernormal courtship behavioural pattern in adult female Japanese macaques. This population-specific sexual adaptation may result from a combination of favourable socio-demographic conditions. This study has implications for the evolutionary history of non-conceptive mounting patterns in Japanese macaques and non-conceptive sexuality in humans.
{"title":"Sexual adaptation: is female–male mounting a supernormal courtship display in Japanese macaques?","authors":"Noëlle Gunst, J. Leca, P. Vasey","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We analysed heterosexual consortships in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques in which adult females routinely perform female-to-male mounting (FMM). We tested whether FMM is more efficient (i.e., a ‘supernormal courtship’ behavioural pattern) than species-typical female-to-male sexual solicitations (FMSS) at prompting subsequent male-to-female mounts (MFM). In a context of high female-female competition for male mates, we found that (1) FMM functioned to focus the male consort partner’s attention as efficiently as FMSS and prevented him from moving away, and (2) FMM was more efficient than species-typical FMSS at expediting MFM (i.e., the most fitness-enhancing sexual behaviour of a mating sequence). We concluded that FMM could be considered a supernormal courtship behavioural pattern in adult female Japanese macaques. This population-specific sexual adaptation may result from a combination of favourable socio-demographic conditions. This study has implications for the evolutionary history of non-conceptive mounting patterns in Japanese macaques and non-conceptive sexuality in humans.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10162
James Gilbert, Matilda Brindle, C. G. Faulkes
Same-sex sexual behaviours (SSBs) are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet little consensus exists regarding their potential adaptive functions or evolutionary history. To fully address questions such as why or how a trait has evolved, it is important to first understand its natural history. Here, we present evidence of SSBs in two male naked mole-rats for the first time. Due to extreme natal philopatry, most naked mole-rats never disperse, making encounters with potential mates valuable in fitness terms. However, in captive colonies of naked mole-rats, a rare disperser morph has been described. We speculate that such dispersing individuals may be indiscriminatory in their mating strategy, copulating with conspecifics regardless of sex, to counter the risk of missed reproductive opportunities. This behavioural strategy would contrast with the common characterisation of naked mole-rats, which describes them as fiercely xenophobic and hostile to unfamiliar individuals. Further, the observation of an indiscriminate mating strategy in a species with limited opportunities for dispersal provides interesting context for the study of the evolution of SSBs.
{"title":"Anecdotal observation of a sexual encounter between two male naked mole-rats","authors":"James Gilbert, Matilda Brindle, C. G. Faulkes","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10162","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Same-sex sexual behaviours (SSBs) are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet little consensus exists regarding their potential adaptive functions or evolutionary history. To fully address questions such as why or how a trait has evolved, it is important to first understand its natural history. Here, we present evidence of SSBs in two male naked mole-rats for the first time. Due to extreme natal philopatry, most naked mole-rats never disperse, making encounters with potential mates valuable in fitness terms. However, in captive colonies of naked mole-rats, a rare disperser morph has been described. We speculate that such dispersing individuals may be indiscriminatory in their mating strategy, copulating with conspecifics regardless of sex, to counter the risk of missed reproductive opportunities. This behavioural strategy would contrast with the common characterisation of naked mole-rats, which describes them as fiercely xenophobic and hostile to unfamiliar individuals. Further, the observation of an indiscriminate mating strategy in a species with limited opportunities for dispersal provides interesting context for the study of the evolution of SSBs.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49355351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10159
Renato C. Macedo-Rego
As support from other people can influence human behaviour, one may ask how the absence of crowd attendance influences the performance of football (i.e., soccer) players. I address this question by contrasting matches of the Brazilian Championship (1st and 2nd Divisions) in 2019 and 2020, years in which crowd attendance was prohibited in order to fight the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 1st Division, home advantage decreased from 2019 to 2020, as teams that used to play for larger crowds had lower performance at home in 2020. However, no decrease in home advantage occurred in the 2nd Division in the same period. One explanation for this difference is that the beneficial effects of crowd support are more effective in the 1st Division, where players are used to receiving support from larger crowds. Therefore, while fan support can influence the behaviour/performance of players, this may not always happen.
{"title":"The effect of crowd support: home advantage in football is reduced during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic","authors":"Renato C. Macedo-Rego","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10159","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As support from other people can influence human behaviour, one may ask how the absence of crowd attendance influences the performance of football (i.e., soccer) players. I address this question by contrasting matches of the Brazilian Championship (1st and 2nd Divisions) in 2019 and 2020, years in which crowd attendance was prohibited in order to fight the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In the 1st Division, home advantage decreased from 2019 to 2020, as teams that used to play for larger crowds had lower performance at home in 2020. However, no decrease in home advantage occurred in the 2nd Division in the same period. One explanation for this difference is that the beneficial effects of crowd support are more effective in the 1st Division, where players are used to receiving support from larger crowds. Therefore, while fan support can influence the behaviour/performance of players, this may not always happen.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-24DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10158
E. McLester
Contact calls allow animals to maintain group cohesion when visibility is restricted. To maximise call detection, animals should produce calls that are audible to closest neighbours or respond to individuals that produce preceding calls (i.e., antiphony). Antiphonal exchanges are more likely to occur between older conspecifics that respond more reliably or close neighbours that are more likely to detect calls when groups are travelling. Because animals should produce calls that are optimised for propagation, call structure should be associated with the distance between individuals calling in antiphonal exchanges. I investigated whether acoustic structures of red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) contact calls (phrased grunts) reflected increased sound propagation as nearest neighbour distances increased, depending on three factors: (1) the occurrence of a preceding grunt, (2) neighbour age-sex class, and (3) group travel speed. I recorded grunts from five habituated monkey groups at Kibale National Park, Uganda. Per grunt, I measured five parameters associated with sound propagation. Grunt mean entropy and frequency related negatively to neighbour distance when the neighbour produced a preceding grunt or when there was no preceding grunt, but not when a more distant individual grunted prior. Neighbour age-sex class and group travel speed did not influence whether grunt structure was associated with neighbour distance, but monkeys produced grunts with higher mean entropy and frequency as groups travelled faster. Variation in grunt mean entropy and frequency was associated with propagation to either nearest neighbours or more distant individuals that produced preceding calls, providing quantitative evidence for antiphonal calling. By calling antiphonally, animals in cohesive groups can spread out to avoid intra-group competition while maintaining contact with other group members. Higher grunt entropy and frequency as groups travel faster may counteract more variable sound attenuation as animals move through acoustically complex (e.g., densely vegetated) environments.
{"title":"Contact call acoustic structure is associated with inter-individual distances during antiphonal vocal exchanges in wild red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti)","authors":"E. McLester","doi":"10.1163/1568539x-bja10158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Contact calls allow animals to maintain group cohesion when visibility is restricted. To maximise call detection, animals should produce calls that are audible to closest neighbours or respond to individuals that produce preceding calls (i.e., antiphony). Antiphonal exchanges are more likely to occur between older conspecifics that respond more reliably or close neighbours that are more likely to detect calls when groups are travelling. Because animals should produce calls that are optimised for propagation, call structure should be associated with the distance between individuals calling in antiphonal exchanges. I investigated whether acoustic structures of red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) contact calls (phrased grunts) reflected increased sound propagation as nearest neighbour distances increased, depending on three factors: (1) the occurrence of a preceding grunt, (2) neighbour age-sex class, and (3) group travel speed. I recorded grunts from five habituated monkey groups at Kibale National Park, Uganda. Per grunt, I measured five parameters associated with sound propagation. Grunt mean entropy and frequency related negatively to neighbour distance when the neighbour produced a preceding grunt or when there was no preceding grunt, but not when a more distant individual grunted prior. Neighbour age-sex class and group travel speed did not influence whether grunt structure was associated with neighbour distance, but monkeys produced grunts with higher mean entropy and frequency as groups travelled faster. Variation in grunt mean entropy and frequency was associated with propagation to either nearest neighbours or more distant individuals that produced preceding calls, providing quantitative evidence for antiphonal calling. By calling antiphonally, animals in cohesive groups can spread out to avoid intra-group competition while maintaining contact with other group members. Higher grunt entropy and frequency as groups travel faster may counteract more variable sound attenuation as animals move through acoustically complex (e.g., densely vegetated) environments.","PeriodicalId":8822,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45290683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：