Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000041
Pierre-Henri Biger
Abstract Au XVIIe siècle et au XVIIIe siècle, l’éventail européen est surtout ‘plié’ et plus rarement ‘brisé’. Objet d’art, il fait intervenir plusieurs corporations, voire plusieurs pays. À partir du modèle extrême-oriental (prolongé en chinoiseries) transmis par l’Italie puis du goût français secondé par les artisans huguenots exilés, des écoles naissent, surtout en Italie, France, Angleterre, Pays-Bas. Les peintres célèbres ne peignent pas d’éventails, mais offrent des modèles aux graveurs ou sont copiés. Objet de mode, l’éventail respecte les conventions sociales. Faute de véritable ‘langage de l’éventail’, il est signifiant par son maniement comme par son apparence. Celle-ci s’adapte aux circonstances de la vie publique et privée, et les sujets évoquent le mariage ou la galanterie mais aussi la scène, les événements du moment et même la politique, tout en étant souvent imprégnés de la culture littéraire de l’époque.
{"title":"Introduction à l’éventail européen aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles","authors":"Pierre-Henri Biger","doi":"10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Au XVIIe siècle et au XVIIIe siècle, l’éventail européen est surtout ‘plié’ et plus rarement ‘brisé’. Objet d’art, il fait intervenir plusieurs corporations, voire plusieurs pays. À partir du modèle extrême-oriental (prolongé en chinoiseries) transmis par l’Italie puis du goût français secondé par les artisans huguenots exilés, des écoles naissent, surtout en Italie, France, Angleterre, Pays-Bas. Les peintres célèbres ne peignent pas d’éventails, mais offrent des modèles aux graveurs ou sont copiés. Objet de mode, l’éventail respecte les conventions sociales. Faute de véritable ‘langage de l’éventail’, il est signifiant par son maniement comme par son apparence. Celle-ci s’adapte aux circonstances de la vie publique et privée, et les sujets évoquent le mariage ou la galanterie mais aussi la scène, les événements du moment et même la politique, tout en étant souvent imprégnés de la culture littéraire de l’époque.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"84 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65824305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000037
M. Canova-Green
Abstract Cet article cherche à montrer comment trois éventails, conçus comme objets-souvenirs, ont pu également servir à illustrer des qualités du monarque et par là des principes de (bon) gouvernement. Qu’ils exaltent la libéralité de Louis XIV ou voient en lui un nouvel Alexandre, tous trois dépeignent des scènes de don, remise d’écus dans un cas, octroi de princesse dans l’autre. Or, parce qu’il oblige en même temps qu’il gratifie, ce geste donateur du roi est foncièrement ambivalent. Ou, pour le dire autrement, les largesses royales cacheraient des rapports de domination et d’aliénation.
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Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000039
Karen Newman
Abstract The availability of luxury goods is often thought to be a twentieth-century phenomenon, but the ‘consumer revolution’ taking place in Europe in the seventeenth century accelerated the pace of production, availability and consumption of goods of all kinds, particularly luxury goods. Paintings, printed books and engravings, silk, gloves and lace, watches, porcelain and fans all became coveted objects available to a widening demographic. By considering the process of engraving and an engraved fan leaf by the renowned early modern engraver Abraham Bosse that represents the Judgment of Paris, this paper considers questions of gender, aesthetic judgment, engraving and the copy.
{"title":"Putti Galore: ‘Eventails de Bosse’ and the Judgment of Paris","authors":"Karen Newman","doi":"10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The availability of luxury goods is often thought to be a twentieth-century phenomenon, but the ‘consumer revolution’ taking place in Europe in the seventeenth century accelerated the pace of production, availability and consumption of goods of all kinds, particularly luxury goods. Paintings, printed books and engravings, silk, gloves and lace, watches, porcelain and fans all became coveted objects available to a widening demographic. By considering the process of engraving and an engraved fan leaf by the renowned early modern engraver Abraham Bosse that represents the Judgment of Paris, this paper considers questions of gender, aesthetic judgment, engraving and the copy.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"53 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65824100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106814Z.00000000036
J. Cherbuliez
Abstract The double-sided Allegory of the Senses, shows, on one side, a late- seventeenth-century courtly depiction of hearing, sight, and smell. It is possible to read these as three vignettes depicting gallant sociability in elite society: the very sociability in which the fan played a crucial role. Our interpretation must change, however, if we acknowledge both the ‘missing’ senses of taste and touch not directly depicted on the fan, and the fan’s reverse, a rural scene of a couple. The play of absent and present senses, and the tension between the courtly vignettes of the primary image and its humbler other side, suggest also a possible ‘fluttering’ of signification, not unlike the motion of a fan itself, which may undo some of the gallant visual rhetoric which at first glance appears to dominate an understanding of this fan.
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Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000032
N. Hammond
Abstract In this article, Pascal’s Écrits sur la Grâce is considered from an unusual angle. Using Barthes’s Fragments d’un discours amoureux as an intertext, it is argued that the Écrits, seemingly so intractable and impersonal, is Pascal’s most deeply personal work, to be read on both theological and existential levels. Through the writings of Donald Winnicott, which feature prominently in the Barthes text, the crucial role played by abandonment (délaissement) is explored in the Écrits and in other Pascalian works.
本文从一个不同寻常的角度来考察帕斯卡的“Écrits sur la grance”。利用巴尔特的《关于爱的话语的片段》作为互文，有人认为Écrits，看似如此棘手和非个人的，是帕斯卡最深刻的个人作品，在神学和存在主义的层面上阅读。通过唐纳德·温尼科特(Donald Winnicott)在巴特文本中突出的作品，在Écrits和其他帕斯卡利亚作品中探讨了放弃(dsamlaissement)所起的关键作用。
{"title":"Pascal’s Fragments d’un discours amoureux","authors":"N. Hammond","doi":"10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, Pascal’s Écrits sur la Grâce is considered from an unusual angle. Using Barthes’s Fragments d’un discours amoureux as an intertext, it is argued that the Écrits, seemingly so intractable and impersonal, is Pascal’s most deeply personal work, to be read on both theological and existential levels. Through the writings of Donald Winnicott, which feature prominently in the Barthes text, the crucial role played by abandonment (délaissement) is explored in the Écrits and in other Pascalian works.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"169 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65823823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000029
R. Briggs
Abstract This article sets Pascal’s views on grace in the context of the intense disputes within the Catholic Church of his time, which were particularly divisive in France. The effective repudiation of St Augustine’s teachings on grace, to which the church would never openly admit, was largely driven by the pastoral needs of the Catholic Reform, yet the Jansenists, themselves determined but conservative supporters of such reform, could never accept such compromises with the world. For all the charm of his writings, Pascal advocated an austere form of Christianity which reflected both his own deep inner tensions and the radical pessimism of Jansenism.
{"title":"The Gallican Context for Pascal’s Writings on Grace","authors":"R. Briggs","doi":"10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article sets Pascal’s views on grace in the context of the intense disputes within the Catholic Church of his time, which were particularly divisive in France. The effective repudiation of St Augustine’s teachings on grace, to which the church would never openly admit, was largely driven by the pastoral needs of the Catholic Reform, yet the Jansenists, themselves determined but conservative supporters of such reform, could never accept such compromises with the world. For all the charm of his writings, Pascal advocated an austere form of Christianity which reflected both his own deep inner tensions and the radical pessimism of Jansenism.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"125 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65823971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000030
Olivier Tonneau
Abstract La doctrine exposée dans les Écrits sur la grâce est généralement analysée dans une perspective psychologique et théologique: la psyché de l’homme étant foncièrement mauvaise, son salut dépend de la libre décision de Dieu. Cette analyse met face-à- face un Dieu arbitraire qui maintient l’homme dans une indétermination psychique radicale. En nous appuyant sur des écrits de Pascal, sa sœur Jacqueline, Jansénius et surtout Saint-Cyran, nous montrerons cependant que les jansénistes ne vivent ni dans la haine de soi, ni dans l’angoisse perpétuelle de l’abandon. Pour comprendre ce qui fonde leur confiance en Dieu, il faut donner son importance au baptême qui restaure la bonté originelle de l’homme, au Prince de ce monde qui menace de le faire déchoir à nouveau, et à l’Église qui est le milieu dans lequel l’homme peut échapper au Diable. Le conflit inhérent à la condition humaine ne se joue pas dans l’intériorité de l’esprit mais dans l’extériorité du monde où sont aux prises l’Église et le Diable.
{"title":"‘Sur les fonts plus belle et plus lumineuse que le soleil’: Analyse sacramentelle et sociologique de la grâce","authors":"Olivier Tonneau","doi":"10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract La doctrine exposée dans les Écrits sur la grâce est généralement analysée dans une perspective psychologique et théologique: la psyché de l’homme étant foncièrement mauvaise, son salut dépend de la libre décision de Dieu. Cette analyse met face-à- face un Dieu arbitraire qui maintient l’homme dans une indétermination psychique radicale. En nous appuyant sur des écrits de Pascal, sa sœur Jacqueline, Jansénius et surtout Saint-Cyran, nous montrerons cependant que les jansénistes ne vivent ni dans la haine de soi, ni dans l’angoisse perpétuelle de l’abandon. Pour comprendre ce qui fonde leur confiance en Dieu, il faut donner son importance au baptême qui restaure la bonté originelle de l’homme, au Prince de ce monde qui menace de le faire déchoir à nouveau, et à l’Église qui est le milieu dans lequel l’homme peut échapper au Diable. Le conflit inhérent à la condition humaine ne se joue pas dans l’intériorité de l’esprit mais dans l’extériorité du monde où sont aux prises l’Église et le Diable.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"136 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65823622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-12-01DOI: 10.1179/0265106813Z.00000000027
M. Pécharman
Abstract This article forms part of the introduction to the volume. It first emphasizes the strata in Pascal’s exegesis of the Decree on justification of the Council of Trent. For Pascal, a logico-grammatical analysis of the proposition ‘God’s commandments are not impossible’ is enough to refute its Molinist interpretation as a permanent power. But, strategically, the Écrits sur la grâce make Molinism a theological error symmetrical to the negation of actual grace by Lutheranism. The same error recurs structurally in theology: Molinists vs Lutherans are to be considered as the new Pelagians vs new Manicheans. The second part of the article focuses on the question that Pascal claims to have considered fully in the Écrits: God’s ‘double délaissement’ of man. The article shows that the target, when asserting the dependence of continued justification on continued prayer (while this latter is not in man’s power) is to differentiate true Augustinism from pseudo-Augustinism.
本文是本卷导论的一部分。它首先强调阶层在帕斯卡的训诂法令的理由理事会的遄达。对于帕斯卡来说，对“上帝的诫命并非不可能”这一命题进行逻辑语法分析，就足以驳倒其作为永恒力量的莫林主义解释。但是，从策略上讲，Écrits sur la grance使Molinism成为一个神学错误，与路德教对实际恩典的否定是对称的。同样的错误在神学结构上反复出现:莫林主义者和路德主义者被认为是新伯拉基派和新摩尼教派。文章的第二部分着重于帕斯卡尔声称在Écrits中已经充分考虑过的问题:上帝对人的“双重惩罚”。文章表明，当主张持续的称义依赖于持续的祈祷(而后者不是在人的权力)时，目标是区分真正的奥古斯丁主义和伪奥古斯丁主义。
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