Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010160
F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, S. Cissé, N. Soraa, F. Maoulainine
The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of bacterial meningitis observed in neonates. A retrospective study of all cases of meningitis, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit, Mohamed VI University Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2016. Twenty of 794 neonates admitted (2.5%) developed meningitis,with a male predominance (12 boys). The mean age of symptom presentation was 5 days. All patients were symptomatic. The most common clinical features were: fever, respiratory distress and seizure. Microbiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid was positive in 14 cases and resulted in the isolation of several unusual species such as, Streptococcus pneumoniae (4 cases), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (3 cases), Enterococci (2 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii (2 cases) and one case each of Escherichia coli , Neisseria meningitidis and Klebsiella pneumonia. Interestingly, the two A. baumannii cases were nosocomially-acquired, while the origins of the other infections were community-acquired. Gram-positive bacteria were more frequently responsible (9/14, 64%). All cases were treated with a combination of third-generation cephalosporins-aminoglycosides, 1 case as treated by by adding ciprofloxacin and 3 cases were treated by adding glycopeptide antibiotics to the clinical therapeutic regimes. We reported 3 cases complicated with hydrocephalus. The mortality rate was 25%. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, and immediate diagnostic steps must be taken to establish the specific cause so that appropriate antimicrobial therapy can be initiated. Even with optimal therapy, morbidity and mortality may occur. Neurologic sequelae are common among survivors.
{"title":"Bacterial Meningitis Profile in Newborns: Is the Epidemiology Changing?","authors":"F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, S. Cissé, N. Soraa, F. Maoulainine","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of bacterial meningitis observed in neonates.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective study of all cases of meningitis, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit, Mohamed VI University Hospital, from January 2016 to December 2016.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty of 794 neonates admitted (2.5%) developed meningitis,with a male predominance (12 boys). The mean age of symptom presentation was 5 days. All patients were symptomatic. The most common clinical features were: fever, respiratory distress and seizure. Microbiological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid was positive in 14 cases and resulted in the isolation of several unusual species such as, Streptococcus pneumoniae (4 cases), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (3 cases), Enterococci (2 cases), Acinetobacter baumannii (2 cases) and one case each of Escherichia coli , Neisseria meningitidis and Klebsiella pneumonia. Interestingly, the two A. baumannii cases were nosocomially-acquired, while the origins of the other infections were community-acquired. Gram-positive bacteria were more frequently responsible (9/14, 64%). All cases were treated with a combination of third-generation cephalosporins-aminoglycosides, 1 case as treated by by adding ciprofloxacin and 3 cases were treated by adding glycopeptide antibiotics to the clinical therapeutic regimes. We reported 3 cases complicated with hydrocephalus. The mortality rate was 25%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, and immediate diagnostic steps must be taken to establish the specific cause so that appropriate antimicrobial therapy can be initiated. Even with optimal therapy, morbidity and mortality may occur. Neurologic sequelae are common among survivors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010156
M. Lagrine, F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, F. Maoulainine
The objective of our study is to estimate the extent of urinary infection among neonatal infectious diseases. This work concerns a retrospective study of 91 newborns with urinary tract infections, collected in the Mohammed VI neonatal resuscitation unit, Marrakesh. The average age of our newborns at admission was 10.8 days. In 20 cases, there were signs of maternal urinary tract infections. The main reason for hospitalization was jaundice in 72.53% of cases. The symptomatology was dominated by fever in 16.48% of cases, followed by a refusal to suck in 5.5% of cases. Escherichia coli was the predominant germ in 61.5% of cases. A probabilistic anti-biotherapy based on Ceftriaxone 3rd Generation and aminoglycoside was instituted in all cases after it was adapted to the antibiogram data. Ultrasound revealed malformations in 21 cases. Neonatal urinary tract infection remains a common pathology. Its potential severity involving renal functional prognosis and the frequency of urinary tract malformations require early diagnosis and adequate management.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech","authors":"M. Lagrine, F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, F. Maoulainine","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010156","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The objective of our study is to estimate the extent of urinary infection among neonatal infectious diseases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This work concerns a retrospective study of 91 newborns with urinary tract infections, collected in the Mohammed VI neonatal resuscitation unit, Marrakesh.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average age of our newborns at admission was 10.8 days. In 20 cases, there were signs of maternal urinary tract infections. The main reason for hospitalization was jaundice in 72.53% of cases. The symptomatology was dominated by fever in 16.48% of cases, followed by a refusal to suck in 5.5% of cases. Escherichia coli was the predominant germ in 61.5% of cases. A probabilistic anti-biotherapy based on Ceftriaxone 3rd Generation and aminoglycoside was instituted in all cases after it was adapted to the antibiogram data. Ultrasound revealed malformations in 21 cases.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Neonatal urinary tract infection remains a common pathology. Its potential severity involving renal functional prognosis and the frequency of urinary tract malformations require early diagnosis and adequate management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43878201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-24DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010147
F. Z. Dyabi, F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, N. Soraa, F. Maoulainine
Enterobacteria are gram-negative bacilli, found in soil, water, and especially in humans and animals gut. They include a very large number of genera and species, often involved in human clinical specimens, predominatelyE. cloacaeandE. aerogenes.Enterobacter hormaecheiwas suggested in 1989 as a new member of enterobacter family, during the last twenty years they were responsible for nosocomial infection in hospitalized adult patients, some information is available on their virulence-associated properties. They are very rare in the newborn.We report five cases ofE. hormaechei'sinfection; first case in our department: neonatal ICU, at Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakesh, Morocco. Five newborns were aged between eight hours and ten days, two of them were from multiple pregnancies, and gestational age was less than 36 weeks in three cases. Clinical presentation was variable and respiratory distress was found in four patients as the most frequent sign. Multidrug-resistantE. hormaecheiwas isolated from the blood culture in all cases. One newborn showed on his second day of life a cutaneous necrosis, the necrosis's swab culture isolated also anE. hormaechei. Patients were treated by the combination of Tienam and Amikacine. The progress was favorable in two patients. However, three of our patients died.We found thatE. hormaecheican be responsible for nosocomial infection in vulnerable patients. It can be transferred between patients when hygiene measures are not respected.
{"title":"Enterobacter Hormaechei: New Neonatal Infection in Morocco","authors":"F. Z. Dyabi, F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, N. Soraa, F. Maoulainine","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010147","url":null,"abstract":"Enterobacteria are gram-negative bacilli, found in soil, water, and especially in humans and animals gut. They include a very large number of genera and species, often involved in human clinical specimens, predominatelyE. cloacaeandE. aerogenes.Enterobacter hormaecheiwas suggested in 1989 as a new member of enterobacter family, during the last twenty years they were responsible for nosocomial infection in hospitalized adult patients, some information is available on their virulence-associated properties. They are very rare in the newborn.We report five cases ofE. hormaechei'sinfection; first case in our department: neonatal ICU, at Mohamed VI University Hospital, Marrakesh, Morocco. Five newborns were aged between eight hours and ten days, two of them were from multiple pregnancies, and gestational age was less than 36 weeks in three cases. Clinical presentation was variable and respiratory distress was found in four patients as the most frequent sign. Multidrug-resistantE. hormaecheiwas isolated from the blood culture in all cases. One newborn showed on his second day of life a cutaneous necrosis, the necrosis's swab culture isolated also anE. hormaechei. Patients were treated by the combination of Tienam and Amikacine. The progress was favorable in two patients. However, three of our patients died.We found thatE. hormaecheican be responsible for nosocomial infection in vulnerable patients. It can be transferred between patients when hygiene measures are not respected.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-24DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010151
Ibtissam Khattou, I. A. Sab, N. Rada, A. Bourrahouat, B. Zouita, D. Basraoui, H. Jalal, M. Sbihi
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare immunodeficiency disease described as a lack of destruction of bacteria and fungi phagocytes by neutrophils and macrophages, it is related to an abnormality of NADPH oxidase, a free radical producer of oxygen. The most common aspect of CGD at the age of one year, is an infection of the skin or bone by two bacteria calledstaphylococcus aureusandserratia marcescens. In this article, the authors report a case of CGD revealed by multiple cystic and pseudo-tumoral liver lesions discovered during prolonged fever.
{"title":"Chronic Granulomatous Disease Revealed by Multiple Cystic and Pseudo-tumoral Liver Lesions: One Case Report","authors":"Ibtissam Khattou, I. A. Sab, N. Rada, A. Bourrahouat, B. Zouita, D. Basraoui, H. Jalal, M. Sbihi","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010151","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare immunodeficiency disease described as a lack of destruction of bacteria and fungi phagocytes by neutrophils and macrophages, it is related to an abnormality of NADPH oxidase, a free radical producer of oxygen. The most common aspect of CGD at the age of one year, is an infection of the skin or bone by two bacteria calledstaphylococcus aureusandserratia marcescens. In this article, the authors report a case of CGD revealed by multiple cystic and pseudo-tumoral liver lesions discovered during prolonged fever.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43078310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-17DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010139
N. Rada, R. Qadiry, F. Bennaoui, G. Draiss, M. Bouskraoui
Sickle cell disease is a haemoglobinopathy characterized by the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises and osteoarticular complications. We report the case of an infant with sickle cell disease revealed by a bilateral abscess of the feet. Our patient is an 18-month-old infant who has had bilateral swelling of the feet for a week with fever of 40 °C, a CRP of 129 mg/l and a leukocytosis of 32,000 elements/mm3 together with normochromic normocytic anemia at 7.9 g/dl. The diagnosis of abscess was taken and a puncture was made finding a purulent fluid with isolation of Salmonella. In front of the bilateral character, Salmonella isolation and normochromic normocytic anemia, electrophoresis of hemoglobin was requested confirming the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. The progress was positive with hydration and antibiotic therapy. Soft-tissue Salmonella infections must lead to thinking of sickle cell disease as a diagnosis especially with normochromic normocytic anemia combined.
{"title":"Sickle Cell Disease Revealed by Soft Tissue Abscess: One Case Report","authors":"N. Rada, R. Qadiry, F. Bennaoui, G. Draiss, M. Bouskraoui","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010139","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Sickle cell disease is a haemoglobinopathy characterized by the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises and osteoarticular complications.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We report the case of an infant with sickle cell disease revealed by a bilateral abscess of the feet. Our patient is an 18-month-old infant who has had bilateral swelling of the feet for a week with fever of 40 °C, a CRP of 129 mg/l and a leukocytosis of 32,000 elements/mm3 together with normochromic normocytic anemia at 7.9 g/dl.\u0000 The diagnosis of abscess was taken and a puncture was made finding a purulent fluid with isolation of Salmonella. In front of the bilateral character, Salmonella isolation and normochromic normocytic anemia, electrophoresis of hemoglobin was requested confirming the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. The progress was positive with hydration and antibiotic therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Soft-tissue Salmonella infections must lead to thinking of sickle cell disease as a diagnosis especially with normochromic normocytic anemia combined.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47943529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-17DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010142
R. El Qadiry, F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, F. Maoulainine
Newborn cellulitis is rare and often atypical disease. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency and its progress leads to instant death. We report three cases of neonatal cellulitis from the Neonatal ICU Department of Mohammed VI university hospital in Marrakesh, highlighting this rare, serious and unknown disease. 17-day-old female newborn admitted for sepsis and breast refusal since 5 days. Clinical examination revealed a hypotonic newborn, hypothermic at 34.2 °C with sclerema neonatorum. Skin examination found Erythema and edema on the left hemi-face with necrosis of the ipsilateral nostril. The blood culture had isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci. The newborn was put under triple antimicrobial therapy of 3rd Generation Cephalosporin (3GCs), gentamicin and vancomycin with good progress. 20-day-old male newborn, was circumcised ten days before admission, had sepsis with a fever at 40 °C evolving since 24h. The clinical examination found hard, hot and very painful inflammatory lesion starting at the scrotum and extending to suprapubic region and the start of the lower limbs. Blood tests revealed strongly positive infectious status. The progress was positive when put under triple antimicrobial therapy. 25-day-old female newborn, visited a traditional healer who gave her a mixture of unknown nature to apply on her face, hospitalized in our department for cellulitis of the right hemi-face extending to the periorbital and cervical region evolving since two days together with a fever. Infectious blood assessment was positive. The progress was favorable when put under triple antimicrobial therapy. Cellulitis is a rare disease in newborn and it must be diagnosed early because it can be complicated into sepsis. The search for other localizations, mainly meningeal, is essential.
{"title":"Neonatal Cellulitis","authors":"R. El Qadiry, F. Bennaoui, N. Slitine, F. Maoulainine","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Newborn cellulitis is rare and often atypical disease. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency and its progress leads to instant death. We report three cases of neonatal cellulitis from the Neonatal ICU Department of Mohammed VI university hospital in Marrakesh, highlighting this rare, serious and unknown disease.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 17-day-old female newborn admitted for sepsis and breast refusal since 5 days. Clinical examination revealed a hypotonic newborn, hypothermic at 34.2 °C with sclerema neonatorum. Skin examination found Erythema and edema on the left hemi-face with necrosis of the ipsilateral nostril. The blood culture had isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci. The newborn was put under triple antimicrobial therapy of 3rd Generation Cephalosporin (3GCs), gentamicin and vancomycin with good progress.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 20-day-old male newborn, was circumcised ten days before admission, had sepsis with a fever at 40 °C evolving since 24h. The clinical examination found hard, hot and very painful inflammatory lesion starting at the scrotum and extending to suprapubic region and the start of the lower limbs. Blood tests revealed strongly positive infectious status. The progress was positive when put under triple antimicrobial therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 25-day-old female newborn, visited a traditional healer who gave her a mixture of unknown nature to apply on her face, hospitalized in our department for cellulitis of the right hemi-face extending to the periorbital and cervical region evolving since two days together with a fever. Infectious blood assessment was positive. The progress was favorable when put under triple antimicrobial therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cellulitis is a rare disease in newborn and it must be diagnosed early because it can be complicated into sepsis. The search for other localizations, mainly meningeal, is essential.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44040809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-17DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010134
N. Slitine, Ibtissam Khattou, F. Bennaoui, F. Maoulainine
A cervical abscess is defined as a collection of pus in the structures of the neck, sometimes called deep neck infection or neck abscess. It is unusual in neonatal period. In this paper, the authors present two cases of neonatal neck abscess admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakesh (Morocco). The first case is caused by a neonatal infection; the second case is post-traumatic.
{"title":"Cervical Abscess in the Newborn: About Two Cases","authors":"N. Slitine, Ibtissam Khattou, F. Bennaoui, F. Maoulainine","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010134","url":null,"abstract":"A cervical abscess is defined as a collection of pus in the structures of the neck, sometimes called deep neck infection or neck abscess. It is unusual in neonatal period. In this paper, the authors present two cases of neonatal neck abscess admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakesh (Morocco). The first case is caused by a neonatal infection; the second case is post-traumatic.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-27DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010124
Irfanul Chakim, Rahayu Astuti, S. Sayono
Culex is a mosquito genus which widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical and temperate climates, both in urban and rural areas all over the world. Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus, are the main vector of filariasis. Thus, public health prevention is mainly directed to control these species and the chemical control is the most widely used approach. However, unfavourable effects of such control to the C. quinquefasciatus population have been known in the form of resistance and emergence of this resistance to various insecticides has been reported in many countries. The metabolic resistance in mosquitoes occurs through the expression of P450 gene family. One of the P450 families is CYP9M10 gene. Partial analysis of the CYP9M10 gene sequences C. quinquefasciatus mosquito reveals the differences between susceptible and resistant alleles. This study was started from the bioassay test of C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from five filariasis-endemic areas in Central Java and was continued on the molecular analysis of CYP9M10 gene. The results of resistance analysis using bioassay test showed that the C. quinquefasciatus mosquito which has been isolated in Central Java showed high levels of resistance against permethrin 0.75% when mortality rates ranged from 4.8% to 21.6%. On the other hand, the molecular analysis revealed three types of haplotypes. The third haplotype had the highest frequency and it exhibited sequence pattern change in the CYP9M10 gene altering the susceptible strain into a resistant one.
{"title":"Initial Finding of CYP9M10 Gene Haplotype in Culex Quinquefasciatus-Permethrin Resistant Isolate from Natural Population of Central Java Province, Indonesia","authors":"Irfanul Chakim, Rahayu Astuti, S. Sayono","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Culex is a mosquito genus which widely distributed in the tropical, subtropical and temperate climates, both in urban and rural areas all over the world. Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus, are the main vector of filariasis. Thus, public health prevention is mainly directed to control these species and the chemical control is the most widely used approach. However, unfavourable effects of such control to the C. quinquefasciatus population have been known in the form of resistance and emergence of this resistance to various insecticides has been reported in many countries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The metabolic resistance in mosquitoes occurs through the expression of P450 gene family. One of the P450 families is CYP9M10 gene. Partial analysis of the CYP9M10 gene sequences C. quinquefasciatus mosquito reveals the differences between susceptible and resistant alleles. This study was started from the bioassay test of C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from five filariasis-endemic areas in Central Java and was continued on the molecular analysis of CYP9M10 gene.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results of resistance analysis using bioassay test showed that the C. quinquefasciatus mosquito which has been isolated in Central Java showed high levels of resistance against permethrin 0.75% when mortality rates ranged from 4.8% to 21.6%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 On the other hand, the molecular analysis revealed three types of haplotypes. The third haplotype had the highest frequency and it exhibited sequence pattern change in the CYP9M10 gene altering the susceptible strain into a resistant one.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47428108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-31DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010116
Jacqueline Le Goaster, P. Bourée, Franck N. El Sissy, J. Epee, F. Tangy, A. Haenni, Allan Goldstein
Synergy exists between DNA and RNA viruses. It was found that the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1) are RNA viruses at the origin of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The DNA recurrent herpes diseases are associated to AIDS virus at the origin of Sub-Saharan cancer AIDS pandemic. It is speculated that a varicella virus (HHV-3) immune defect could originate HSV- 1/HSV-2 recurrent herpes diseases that can be cured by varicella vaccine (2012). At a Symposium held in Kampala, Uganda (1962), impressive Sub-Saharan cancer epidemics: Hodgkin lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas have been reported since the onset of the 20th century and remained unexplained. Over one thousand publications related to these cancer epidemics were presented. For millenniums, Bantu populations have been living in tropical forests close to chimpanzees infected by Simian Immune Deficiency viruses (SIV). SIV became Human Immune Deficiency viruses (HIV-1). AIDS is a zoonosis. The DNA and RNA viruses, herpes with HIV-1 viruses, are correlated to Sub- Saharan AIDS infections. They induce an extensive immune deficiency with other herpes viruses such as HHV-4 and HHV-8, which are linked to lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas. It is postulated that a primary HHV-3 immune weakness could be linked to herpes partnership with AIDS pandemic. The Oka, anti-HHV-3, varicella vaccine is able to cure HSV1/HSV2 recurrent herpes diseases. It induces a specific increase of the varicella antibodies. Thus varicella vaccination could prevent herpes recurrences in Sub-Saharan Africa. One- child dose varicella vaccine could be proposed as the first step to overcome HHV-3 herpes deficiency in order to prevent AIDS pandemic.
{"title":"Varicella (Human Herpes Virus-3) Vaccine Potential Role Against Herpes (HSV-1/HSV-2) Viruses to Prevent HIV-1 Pandemic in Sub- Saharan Africa","authors":"Jacqueline Le Goaster, P. Bourée, Franck N. El Sissy, J. Epee, F. Tangy, A. Haenni, Allan Goldstein","doi":"10.2174/1874279301810010116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301810010116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Synergy exists between DNA and RNA viruses. It was found that the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1) are RNA viruses at the origin of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The DNA recurrent herpes diseases are associated to AIDS virus at the origin of Sub-Saharan cancer AIDS pandemic.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It is speculated that a varicella virus (HHV-3) immune defect could originate HSV- 1/HSV-2 recurrent herpes diseases that can be cured by varicella vaccine (2012).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 At a Symposium held in Kampala, Uganda (1962), impressive Sub-Saharan cancer epidemics: Hodgkin lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas have been reported since the onset of the 20th century and remained unexplained. Over one thousand publications related to these cancer epidemics were presented. For millenniums, Bantu populations have been living in tropical forests close to chimpanzees infected by Simian Immune Deficiency viruses (SIV). SIV became Human Immune Deficiency viruses (HIV-1). AIDS is a zoonosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The DNA and RNA viruses, herpes with HIV-1 viruses, are correlated to Sub- Saharan AIDS infections. They induce an extensive immune deficiency with other herpes viruses such as HHV-4 and HHV-8, which are linked to lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas. It is postulated that a primary HHV-3 immune weakness could be linked to herpes partnership with AIDS pandemic.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Oka, anti-HHV-3, varicella vaccine is able to cure HSV1/HSV2 recurrent herpes diseases. It induces a specific increase of the varicella antibodies. Thus varicella vaccination could prevent herpes recurrences in Sub-Saharan Africa. One- child dose varicella vaccine could be proposed as the first step to overcome HHV-3 herpes deficiency in order to prevent AIDS pandemic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43828995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-13DOI: 10.2174/1874279301810010108
Manjunath Chavadi, Rahul Narasanna, Ashajyothi Chavan, A. Oli, R. ChandrakanthKelmani
Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is the major threat that is a result of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics causing a huge loss in health, so understanding their prevalence is necessary as a public health measure.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant MRSA and virulence determinant among associatedS. aureusfrom the clinical samples obtained from various hospital and health care centers of the Gulbarga region in India.All the collected samples were subjected for the screening ofS. aureusand were further characterized by conventional and molecular methods including their antibiotic profiling. Further, the response of methicillin antibiotic on cell morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy.A total 126S. aureuswas isolated from the clinical samples which showed, 100% resistant to penicillin, 55.5% to oxacillin, 75.3% to ampicillin, 70.6% to streptomycin, 66.6% to gentamicin, 8.7% to vancomycin and 6.3% to teicoplanin. The selected MRSA strains were found to possessmecA(gene coding for penicillin-binding protein 2A) andfemA(factor essential for methicillin resistance)genetic determinants in their genome with virulence determinants such as Coagulase (coa) and the X region of the protein A (spa)gene. Further, the methicillin response in resistantS. aureusshowed to be enlarged and malformed on cell morphology.The molecular typing of clinical isolates ofS. aureusin this study was highly virulent and also resistant to methicillin; this will assist health professionals to control, exploration of alternative medicines and new approaches to combat Staphylococcal infections more efficiently by using targeted therapy.
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