Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.2174/0118742793270091240126112157
Cornelius Ogu, Chiemela Ebenezar, Obioma Nwaogwugwu, Rita Ogu, Ijeoma Nduka
Tuberculosis is one of the infections targeted for eradication and is still under surveillance. Hospital workers in Nigeria take little or no precautions against tuberculosis while attending to patients. This research aimed to study the prevalence of the reactivity of positive Tuberculin Skin Tests among healthcare workers in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from the participants. Two hundred and ten consented participants were recruited for this study, while 185 contributed till the end. The Tuberculin Skin Test was conducted following the standard operating procedures. The chi-square test was used to compare the variable at a significant level of P < 0.05. Of those who received a BGC vaccine < 3 years, 4.8% were excluded from the analyses. Mean ± SD of participants’ age was approximately 30 ± 8 years. Participants comprised 87 (47%) males and 98 (53%) females. The modal age group was 21-25 years. Most participants were clinical medical students, 93(50.3%), while doctors, 7 (3.8%), were second to least. The prevalence of positive reactivity to the Tuberculin Skin Test was 29.9%. There was no significant difference observed regarding sexes and positive reactivity. A significant difference was found in reactivity ≥ 10 mm between those who didn’t receive BCG and those who received BCG vaccine ≥ 10 years before the study. Healthcare workers can be potential active TB patients and reservoirs. We recommend highly sensitive and specific periodic TB screening, prophylactic treatment, and re-vaccination of Health Care Workers in Nigeria.
{"title":"Tuberculin Skin Test Reactivity among Health Care Workers in the Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba South-east Nigeria","authors":"Cornelius Ogu, Chiemela Ebenezar, Obioma Nwaogwugwu, Rita Ogu, Ijeoma Nduka","doi":"10.2174/0118742793270091240126112157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118742793270091240126112157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Tuberculosis is one of the infections targeted for eradication and is still under surveillance. Hospital workers in Nigeria take little or no precautions against tuberculosis while attending to patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This research aimed to study the prevalence of the reactivity of positive Tuberculin Skin Tests among healthcare workers in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from the participants. Two hundred and ten consented participants were recruited for this study, while 185 contributed till the end. The Tuberculin Skin Test was conducted following the standard operating procedures. The chi-square test was used to compare the variable at a significant level of P < 0.05. Of those who received a BGC vaccine < 3 years, 4.8% were excluded from the analyses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Mean ± SD of participants’ age was approximately 30 ± 8 years. Participants comprised 87 (47%) males and 98 (53%) females. The modal age group was 21-25 years. Most participants were clinical medical students, 93(50.3%), while doctors, 7 (3.8%), were second to least. The prevalence of positive reactivity to the Tuberculin Skin Test was 29.9%. There was no significant difference observed regarding sexes and positive reactivity. A significant difference was found in reactivity ≥ 10 mm between those who didn’t receive BCG and those who received BCG vaccine ≥ 10 years before the study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Healthcare workers can be potential active TB patients and reservoirs. We recommend highly sensitive and specific periodic TB screening, prophylactic treatment, and re-vaccination of Health Care Workers in Nigeria.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"60 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.2174/0118742793303419240422094438
Afaf M. Eladl, Rasha Attia, Hemat K. Abdullatif, Amira M. El-Ganiny
The steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs is a significant issue, hence, it is imperative to look out for new approaches to bacterial therapy Occasionally, effective inhibitory action is not produced when antibiotics are used alone. To overcome this problem, a combination of drugs is often used. One approach to treat infectious diseases is the use of a combination of antibiotics together with plant extracts or phytochemicals. For patients with serious infections caused by pathogens resistant to drugs, combination therapy is beneficial and useful. Seven antibiotics were obtained from a local pharmacy (gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth micro-dilution method, and different antimicrobial combinations were studied on 20 Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (10 S. aureus and 10 P. aeruginosa). Moreover, the antibacterial activity of some volatile oils (limonene, rosemary, salvia, thymus, and black pepper), plant extracts (moringa seed, curcumin, and capsicum), and phytochemicals (thymol, and chitosan) was detected against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates using broth micro-dilution method. According to our findings, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin or gentamicin together exhibited a substantial synergistic effect against S. aureus. Moreover, the combination of amoxicillin with ceftazidime was synergistic to reduce MIC by five to six times. Regarding MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, the combination of azithromycin with doxycycline exhibited a decrease of MIC of azithromycin by about five to sixfold. The combination of gentamicin with ceftriaxone was significant. For natural compounds, thymol, rosemary oil, curcumin, capsicum, and moringa seed extract exhibited the highest synergistic activity with the tested antibiotics against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the lack of new antibiotics necessitates the improvement of existing ones. Our study shows that antibiotic combinations and antibiotic-natural plant combinations are very promising strategies for combating complex bacterial resistance.
{"title":"The Effect of Combinations of Antibiotics and Natural Products on the Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Afaf M. Eladl, Rasha Attia, Hemat K. Abdullatif, Amira M. El-Ganiny","doi":"10.2174/0118742793303419240422094438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118742793303419240422094438","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The steadily increasing bacterial resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs is a significant issue, hence, it is imperative to look out for new approaches to bacterial therapy Occasionally, effective inhibitory action is not produced when antibiotics are used alone. To overcome this problem, a combination of drugs is often used. One approach to treat infectious diseases is the use of a combination of antibiotics together with plant extracts or phytochemicals. For patients with serious infections caused by pathogens resistant to drugs, combination therapy is beneficial and useful.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Seven antibiotics were obtained from a local pharmacy (gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth micro-dilution method, and different antimicrobial combinations were studied on 20 Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates (10 S. aureus and 10 P. aeruginosa). Moreover, the antibacterial activity of some volatile oils (limonene, rosemary, salvia, thymus, and black pepper), plant extracts (moringa seed, curcumin, and capsicum), and phytochemicals (thymol, and chitosan) was detected against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolates using broth micro-dilution method.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to our findings, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin or gentamicin together exhibited a substantial synergistic effect against S. aureus. Moreover, the combination of amoxicillin with ceftazidime was synergistic to reduce MIC by five to six times. Regarding MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, the combination of azithromycin with doxycycline exhibited a decrease of MIC of azithromycin by about five to sixfold. The combination of gentamicin with ceftriaxone was significant. For natural compounds, thymol, rosemary oil, curcumin, capsicum, and moringa seed extract exhibited the highest synergistic activity with the tested antibiotics against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In conclusion, the lack of new antibiotics necessitates the improvement of existing ones. Our study shows that antibiotic combinations and antibiotic-natural plant combinations are very promising strategies for combating complex bacterial resistance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"95 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.2174/0118742793285298240408052559
Shahid Nawaz, Muhammad Zeeshan, Hasan Ayaz, Asim Iqbal, Farhad Ali, Asad Ali
{"title":"The Outbreak of Highly Contagious Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) in Major Cities of Pakistan","authors":"Shahid Nawaz, Muhammad Zeeshan, Hasan Ayaz, Asim Iqbal, Farhad Ali, Asad Ali","doi":"10.2174/0118742793285298240408052559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118742793285298240408052559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.2174/18742793-v14-e221227-2022-2
Elvire Mfueni Bikundi, A. Robert, C. Bouland, Edouard Akotionga, Ndèye MAREME SOUGOU, Y. Coppieters
The aim of our study was to provide a synthesis of successful policies applied in the fight against malaria in African countries at different stages of intervention; Burkina Faso and Senegal. Malaria is a global public health problem with many cases each year in the world (241 million cases with 247,000 deaths; 67% were under five children) in 2020. Most malaria cases occur in Sub-Saharan African countries (93%). The objective of our study was to present policies implemented against malaria (with the best results) in these two African countries (Burkina Faso and Senegal) which are at different stages of intervention. These could serve as an example to others malaria endemics countries. To achieve our purpose, we used DHS survey data and information from a literature synthesis. Data used for analysis are from Demographics and Health Surveys (DHS) 2017-2018 for Burkina Faso and DHS 2017 for Senegal. We added information from a synthesis of the literature. Linear regression models were performed with an estimation of the mean number of persons using insecticide-treated nets among groups (urban or rural areas, wealth level, highest education level in the household and age of household head) in each country. We evaluated the importance of co-factors in the relationship between the number of ITNs in a household and the number of household members by calculating the R-squared. A criteria grid used for this synthesis of literature included eight important sub-groups: funding sources, entomological monitoring, use of ITNs, use of insecticide, malaria case management, health system organization, communication and surveillance. Senegal and Burkina Faso have the same proportion (51%) of households in which all children under 5 sleep under ITNs. We found R-squared (R2=0.007 in Burkina Faso and R2=0.16 in Senegal) for the relationship between the number of ITNs in a household and household size. When wealth level, age of head of household, area of residence (rural or urban), education level in the household and number of bedrooms in the household were controlled for, we found R2=0.106 for Burkina Faso and R2=0.167 for Senegal. We found that Senegal’s National Malaria Program is decentralized with entomological monitoring in all districts, which is normal considering the intervention stage in the fight against malaria. In Burkina Faso, we found centralization of routine data. Our study synthesized the health policies applied in African countries which are at different stages of intervention in the fight against malaria and which have succeeded in maintaining low malaria prevalence (in Senegal) or in rapidly decreasing the prevalence of the disease (in Burkina Faso). Being close to elimination, Senegal required more active malaria surveillance than passive surveillance. Burkina Faso did not require a lot of active surveillance being not close to malaria elimination. These results encourage a review in the context of each
{"title":"Synthesis of Health Policies in the Fight against Malaria in Two Countries at Different Stages of Intervention in the Progress Towards Malaria Elimination, using Data from Surveys and Literature","authors":"Elvire Mfueni Bikundi, A. Robert, C. Bouland, Edouard Akotionga, Ndèye MAREME SOUGOU, Y. Coppieters","doi":"10.2174/18742793-v14-e221227-2022-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18742793-v14-e221227-2022-2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The aim of our study was to provide a synthesis of successful policies applied in the fight against malaria in African countries at different stages of intervention; Burkina Faso and Senegal.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Malaria is a global public health problem with many cases each year in the world (241 million cases with 247,000 deaths; 67% were under five children) in 2020. Most malaria cases occur in Sub-Saharan African countries (93%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of our study was to present policies implemented against malaria (with the best results) in these two African countries (Burkina Faso and Senegal) which are at different stages of intervention. These could serve as an example to others malaria endemics countries. To achieve our purpose, we used DHS survey data and information from a literature synthesis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data used for analysis are from Demographics and Health Surveys (DHS) 2017-2018 for Burkina Faso and DHS 2017 for Senegal. We added information from a synthesis of the literature. Linear regression models were performed with an estimation of the mean number of persons using insecticide-treated nets among groups (urban or rural areas, wealth level, highest education level in the household and age of household head) in each country. We evaluated the importance of co-factors in the relationship between the number of ITNs in a household and the number of household members by calculating the R-squared.\u0000 A criteria grid used for this synthesis of literature included eight important sub-groups: funding sources, entomological monitoring, use of ITNs, use of insecticide, malaria case management, health system organization, communication and surveillance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Senegal and Burkina Faso have the same proportion (51%) of households in which all children under 5 sleep under ITNs. We found R-squared (R2=0.007 in Burkina Faso and R2=0.16 in Senegal) for the relationship between the number of ITNs in a household and household size. When wealth level, age of head of household, area of residence (rural or urban), education level in the household and number of bedrooms in the household were controlled for, we found R2=0.106 for Burkina Faso and R2=0.167 for Senegal.\u0000 We found that Senegal’s National Malaria Program is decentralized with entomological monitoring in all districts, which is normal considering the intervention stage in the fight against malaria. In Burkina Faso, we found centralization of routine data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study synthesized the health policies applied in African countries which are at different stages of intervention in the fight against malaria and which have succeeded in maintaining low malaria prevalence (in Senegal) or in rapidly decreasing the prevalence of the disease (in Burkina Faso). Being close to elimination, Senegal required more active malaria surveillance than passive surveillance. Burkina Faso did not require a lot of active surveillance being not close to malaria elimination. These results encourage a review in the context of each ","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46928236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.2174/18742793-v14-e221129-2022-5
A. Kotosso, B. Douaguibe, L. Bawe, A. Patassi, S. Assenouwe, K. A. Aziagbé, Yaovi M. Tsevi, Bawoubadi Abaltou, Zouwera Sesso, G. Watara, Laroutoki Macamanzi, K. Adjoh, M. I. Watéba, A. Djibril
Reduce morbidity and mortality associated with covid-19 in pregnant women Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 on March 6, 2020 in Togo, pregnant women have received special attention due to their usual vulnerability to infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pregnancy on the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized in Lomé. This was an analytical cross-sectional study of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) admitted between March 22, 2020, and December 31, 2021, to the Lomé Commune Regional Hospital, a national referral center for COVID-19 patients. We registered 438 women of childbearing age, including 31 pregnant women (7.1%). Pregnant women were younger (28.8 years vs. 34.2 years, p = 0.001). Asthenia was more common in pregnant women (38.7% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.025), and SpO2 was lower (88.6% vs. 94%, p= 0.016%). Pregnancy was not associated with the occurrence of severe forms, nor with prolonged hospitalization. Independent risk factors for mortality were 3rd trimester of pregnancy, mean age > 34 years, diabetes, HIV, and obesity. Most symptoms were similar to those observed in the general population. However, in addition to comorbidities, complications in the third trimester of pregnancy have worsened the prognosis for COVID-19. These results corroborate the observations made in the subregion. However, it is important to assess the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcome.
{"title":"Impact of Pregnancy on the Prognosis of COVID-19 in Women Hospitalized at the National Reference Center for Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a Resources Limited Country.","authors":"A. Kotosso, B. Douaguibe, L. Bawe, A. Patassi, S. Assenouwe, K. A. Aziagbé, Yaovi M. Tsevi, Bawoubadi Abaltou, Zouwera Sesso, G. Watara, Laroutoki Macamanzi, K. Adjoh, M. I. Watéba, A. Djibril","doi":"10.2174/18742793-v14-e221129-2022-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18742793-v14-e221129-2022-5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Reduce morbidity and mortality associated with covid-19 in pregnant women\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 on March 6, 2020 in Togo, pregnant women have received special attention due to their usual vulnerability to infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pregnancy on the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized in Lomé.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was an analytical cross-sectional study of women of childbearing age (15-49 years) admitted between March 22, 2020, and December 31, 2021, to the Lomé Commune Regional Hospital, a national referral center for COVID-19 patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We registered 438 women of childbearing age, including 31 pregnant women (7.1%). Pregnant women were younger (28.8 years vs. 34.2 years, p = 0.001). Asthenia was more common in pregnant women (38.7% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.025), and SpO2 was lower (88.6% vs. 94%, p= 0.016%). Pregnancy was not associated with the occurrence of severe forms, nor with prolonged hospitalization. Independent risk factors for mortality were 3rd trimester of pregnancy, mean age > 34 years, diabetes, HIV, and obesity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most symptoms were similar to those observed in the general population. However, in addition to comorbidities, complications in the third trimester of pregnancy have worsened the prognosis for COVID-19. These results corroborate the observations made in the subregion. However, it is important to assess the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcome.\u0000","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.2174/18742793-v14-e221125-2022-16
Shahid Nawaz, A. Fatima
Monkeypox virus, a member of orthopoxviruses, has recently started to emerge in non-endemic countries worldwide, ringing the false alarms of a possible new epidemic as the world is already fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are some key differences in the nature of these two infections that require understanding by public health authorities in order to keep the masses safe from another psychological trauma, which has been previously associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory tract, whereas the monkeypox virus is mainly associated with skin lesions. Similarly, from symptoms to pathogenesis and from incubation period to treatment, both infections are not alike in many aspects. Monkeypox virus infection is self-limiting and can be treated without new vaccine interventions. Its case fatality ratio is also very low as compared to that of COVID-19. Though monkeypox virus infections can be treated easily, it can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, avoiding physical contact with infected individuals is recommended, and care must be taken in this regard.
{"title":"Debunking the Pandemic Potential of Monkeypox Virus, a Brief Overview of the Current Surge in Monkeypox Virus Infection","authors":"Shahid Nawaz, A. Fatima","doi":"10.2174/18742793-v14-e221125-2022-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18742793-v14-e221125-2022-16","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox virus, a member of orthopoxviruses, has recently started to emerge in non-endemic countries worldwide, ringing the false alarms of a possible new epidemic as the world is already fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are some key differences in the nature of these two infections that require understanding by public health authorities in order to keep the masses safe from another psychological trauma, which has been previously associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory tract, whereas the monkeypox virus is mainly associated with skin lesions. Similarly, from symptoms to pathogenesis and from incubation period to treatment, both infections are not alike in many aspects. Monkeypox virus infection is self-limiting and can be treated without new vaccine interventions. Its case fatality ratio is also very low as compared to that of COVID-19. Though monkeypox virus infections can be treated easily, it can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, avoiding physical contact with infected individuals is recommended, and care must be taken in this regard.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49111739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.2174/1874279302113010010
D. Hoban, J. Nauta
{"title":"Corrigendum to: Clarithromycin versus Amoxicillin alone or with Clavulanate in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials","authors":"D. Hoban, J. Nauta","doi":"10.2174/1874279302113010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279302113010010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68061407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.2174/1874279302113010001
D. Hoban, J. Nauta
Clinical success rates varied between 85.8% and 97.9% for clarithromycin and between 84.2% and 96.8% for amoxicillin. The combined rate difference in clinical success rates between clarithromycin and amoxicillin was +1.9% (P=0.14). Radiological success rates (four studies) varied from 78.2% to 94.0% for clarithromycin and 79.7% to 95.0% for amoxicillin, with a combined rate difference of zero (P=1.00). Bacteriologic cure rates (four studies) were 87.1–94.6% for clarithromycin, compared with 89.8–98.1% for amoxicillin, with a combined difference in cure rates of –3.2% (P=0.16). Overall bacterial eradication rates were comparable between the two treatments (clarithromycin, 89.3%; amoxicillin, 92.1%).
{"title":"Clarithromycin versus Amoxicillin alone or with Clavulanate in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials","authors":"D. Hoban, J. Nauta","doi":"10.2174/1874279302113010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279302113010001","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical success rates varied between 85.8% and 97.9% for clarithromycin and between 84.2% and 96.8% for amoxicillin. The combined rate difference in clinical success rates between clarithromycin and amoxicillin was +1.9% (P=0.14). Radiological success rates (four studies) varied from 78.2% to 94.0% for clarithromycin and 79.7% to 95.0% for amoxicillin, with a combined rate difference of zero (P=1.00). Bacteriologic cure rates (four studies) were 87.1–94.6% for clarithromycin, compared with 89.8–98.1% for amoxicillin, with a combined difference in cure rates of –3.2% (P=0.16). Overall bacterial eradication rates were comparable between the two treatments (clarithromycin, 89.3%; amoxicillin, 92.1%).","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44096775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1874279302113010011
M. S. Sow, A. Camara, S. Sidibé, I. Kaba, Nestor Niouma Leno, B. D. Diallo, I. Camara, L. Camara
The aim was to assess weight gain during tuberculosis treatment in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV. Tuberculosis patients co-infected with HIV and undergoing tuberculosis treatment in the pneumophtisiology and infectious and tropical diseases departments of the CHU in Conakry were included. 562 patients were included, with a mean age of 35.6±11.3 years, and 52.5% were women. The average Body Mass Index [BMI] at baseline was 17.8 3.3 kg/m2. 71.5% of patients had a favorable result and 28.5% had an unfavorable result [death, abandonment]. Healed and lost patients gained an average of 2.6 kg and 0.1 kg respectively. Deceased patients lost an average of 3.6 kg. The weight variations of the cured patients were different from those of the deceased [p < 0.001]. A weight gain of 5% after 6 months of treatment was associated with the treatment site [OR=3.81; 95% CI 1.08 to 13.45], alcohol consumption [OR=10.33; 95% CI 1.20 to 89.16], malnutrition before treatment [OR=2.72; 95% CI 1.43 to 5.17] and the form of tuberculosis [OR=3.27; 95% CI 1.15 to 9.33]. Newly diagnosed patients co-infected with TB-HIV at Conakry's CHU are often malnourished. Weight gain during treatment seems to be a reliable indicator of the overall response to treatment.
目的是评估结核病和艾滋病毒合并感染患者在结核病治疗期间的体重增加情况。其中包括合并感染艾滋病毒并在科纳克里卫生部肺病科、传染病科和热带病科接受结核病治疗的结核病患者。纳入562例患者，平均年龄35.6±11.3岁，其中52.5%为女性。基线时平均身体质量指数(BMI)为17.8 3.3 kg/m2。71.5%的患者预后良好，28.5%的患者预后不良(死亡、遗弃)。痊愈患者和减肥患者的平均体重分别增加了2.6公斤和0.1公斤。死亡患者的体重平均减少3.6公斤。治愈患者的体重变化与死亡患者不同[p < 0.001]。治疗6个月后体重增加5%与治疗部位相关[OR=3.81;95% CI 1.08 ~ 13.45]，饮酒[OR=10.33;95% CI 1.20 ~ 89.16]，治疗前营养不良[OR=2.72;95% CI 1.43 ~ 5.17]和结核病的形式[OR=3.27;95% CI 1.15 ~ 9.33]。在科纳克里的保健所，新诊断的同时感染结核-艾滋病毒的病人往往营养不良。治疗期间体重增加似乎是对治疗总体反应的可靠指标。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874279302012010007
S. Sheleg
The possibility of using ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19 as an immunomodulating agent, has been discussed, which may prevent lifethreatening virally driven cytokine storm syndrome.
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