Beneficial microbes最新文献

While the importance of breastfeeding on the developing infant gut microbiota has been established, few studies have compared the effect of breastfeeding duration on infant gut microbiota development. In this pilot study, we included 23 infants, divided into 4 groups to compare the effect of breastfeeding duration for first 4 (BreastFed_4) or 8 weeks (BreastFed_8) compared to exclusive breast (Exc Breast Fed) or formula feeding (Formula Fed) for 6 months. We used metagenomics shotgun sequencing of 88 infant stool samples and 64 corresponding maternal milk samples to examine the microbial composition. Breast milk samples showed the presence of previously defined core bacteria including spp. belonging to Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium, Rothia and Pseudomonas. We report that the Exc Breast Fed infant group had the lowest alpha diversity and a distinct microbial composition compared to the Formula Fed group. BreastFed_4 clustered distinctly from all other groups, indicating the impact of duration and time of feeding on infant microbiota. Certain Bifidobacterium spp. were more associated to certain groups, in particular, B. infantis was more associated to Exc Breast Fed while Bacteroides/Phocaeicola with BreastFed_8. Exc Breast Fed showed the highest frequency of persisters with B. infantis being the dominant persister, while B. bifidum was the dominant persister in Formula Fed group. Persisters showed significantly higher abundance of several glycoside hydrolases (GH) important in early life across all groups compared to non-persisters. This study highlights infant gut microbiota changes associated with breastfeeding duration, warranting more detailed studies on the impact of breastfeeding duration on long-term health outcomes.

The major inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA plays a pivotal role in mood and sleep. GABA exerts sedative and anxiolytic effects both within the central nervous system and through the gut-brain axis, which has generated interest in the potential for gut GABA to modulate mood and sleep. Several bacterial strains can produce GABA, yet their real-world impacts are poorly understood. We investigated the impact of 2 doses of the strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp815 on anxiety, sleep, mood, quality of life, cognition, heart rate variability and adverse events in adults with mild to moderate anxiety over a 6-week period. The trial was structured as a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial with optional open label extension. Participants were blindly assigned to receive either a placebo, 1 billion colony-forming units (CFU), or 5 billion CFU of the oral capsule per day. Participants completed biweekly anxiety, insomnia and cognition measures, daily mood, sleep, and quality of life surveys, and collected wearable heart rate variability. 83 individuals were evaluated, aged 39 ± 13 years, 63% female and 64% Caucasian. Participants receiving 5 billion CFU exhibited significantly lower anxiety (GAD-7) scores at weeks 4 and 6 compared to placebo (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.05). This result was clinically meaningful, with 68% of participants in the 5 billion CFU cohort exhibiting improvement by more than one category in their GAD-7 scores at week 6, compared to 37% in the 1 billion CFU group and 26% in the placebo group (e.g. from moderate to no anxiety) (Fisher's exact test P = 0.002 for 5 billion CFU vs Placebo). No serious adverse events occurred. A daily capsule containing 5 billion CFU Lp815 significantly reduced anxiety in a diverse cohort of adults at 4 and 6 weeks following daily consumption. GABA-producing probiotics may offer a safe option for anxiety reduction in people with mild to moderate anxiety. Trial Registration. The trial was IRB approved and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06466603).

The Traditional Asian Diet (TAD) is characterised by high dietary fibre and functional foods. This study investigated TAD's effects on meeting fibre requirements, gut microbiome, and faecal and urine metabolomes. A four-week randomised controlled trial was conducted among healthy Asian women allocated into the TAD group (n = 11) following a newly developed TAD program and the control group (n = 11). Assessments included dietary intake, gut health (symptoms, faecal form, frequency), serum fatty acids binding protein-2 (FABP-2) levels, faecal microbiome via 16s rRNA sequencing, and faecal and urine metabolites which were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. The TAD group showed significant increases in dietary fibre ( P < 0.001), reduced fat ( P < 0.05), and improved faecal form ( P = 0.009) compared to the control group. The TAD group was enriched with Parabacteroides merdae, while Bacteroides uniformis was more abundant in the control group. Individuals with baseline Prevotella copri showed its enrichment following TAD and higher butyrate levels, unlike the control group. The TAD led to lower urine levels of creatinine, dimethylamine, and phenethylamine compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the TAD program has proven beneficial effects in achieving dietary fibre, enriching the beneficial microbiota and metabolites, reducing harmful metabolites, and improving faecal form compared to a control diet. Clinical trial registration: NCT04885959, clinicaltrials.gov.

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduction of butyrate-producing gut bacteria. d-allulose and erythritol are low-no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) used as sugar substitutes to reduce high free sugar intakes associated with non-communicable diseases, including T2DM. This is the first study to investigate the impact of representative and physiologically relevant doses of d-allulose and erythritol on the human gut microbiota of T2DM ( n = 6) and co-living healthy adults ( n = 6). Using the clinically predictive ex vivo SIFR® technology, d-allulose and erythritol were shown to significantly increase butyrate production 24-48 h after treatment and significantly increased the abundance of particular microbial families or species in both healthy individuals and those with T2DM compared to the no-substrate control (NSC). d-Allulose significantly increased the abundance of Anaerostipes hadrus and Lachnospiraceae_unclassified_species ( u _ s) at 48 h in healthy adults and adults with T2DM compared to the NSC. Erythritol significantly increased the abundance of Eubacteriaceae and Barnesiellaceae families at 48 h in healthy adults and adults with T2DM but had no significant effects on microbial species compared to the NSC. d-Allulose resulted in a larger increase in butyrate between 6-24 h whereas erythritol resulted in a larger increased butyrate between 24-48 h. The findings suggest prebiotic potential of d-allulose and erythritol worth of investigation in human clinical trials, as blending d-allulose and erythritol could be a promising strategy to reduce free sugar intakes and increase butyrate production in both healthy and T2DM individuals, resulting in beneficial effects on glycemic control.

Antibiotic treatment regimens fail to address Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibiting resistance to multiple drugs, including the last resort antibiotic, colistin. The use of probiotics as candidates for alternative antimicrobial therapy or as a source of new antibiotics is considered as an emerging trend in therapeutics. Rejuvenating the human gut with probiotics offers an intriguing therapeutic approach in various enteric diseases. However, the precise role of probiotics in non-enteric infections, particularly those caused by colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae remains unresolved, prompting further comprehensive research. Therefore, we propose an innovative prophylactic approach using Lacticaseibacilli of human gut origin against this pathogen. Probiotic characterisation like tolerance to acid, bile and sodium chloride were performed to evaluate its gastric survival. In vitro experiments revealed that non-neutralised cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lacticaseibacillus has the potential to inhibit pathogenic K. pneumoniae. The observed growth reduction is suggestive of the cumulative effect of organic acids and other antimicrobial substances in CFS. The two Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolates exhibited promising activity (with suspected proteinaceous heat labile molecules) against K. pneumoniae and those with better adhesion to CaCo-2 cell lines were selected for downstream studies. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of CFS treated pathogen cells revealed cell surface distortions and pore formations. The prophylactic potential of Lacticaseibacillus (live and heat-inactivated forms) in Balb/c mice model showed a reduction in histopathological and microbiological alterations caused by K. pneumoniae, when compared with untreated pathogen control. Whole genome analysis of the potential probiotic isolate revealed the genome is devoid of any antibiotic resistance genes and other virulence markers indicating its safety in vivo. Furthermore, the in vitro pathogen inhibition results were reinforced by antiSMASH and BAGEL analysis, which predicted the presence of putative bacteriocin genes. Hence, this multiapproach research study has revealed a promising prophylactic probiotic from human gut microbiome against multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae.

The gut microbiota has a profound impact on animal physiology, improving organ function and promoting growth under different nutritional conditions. Complex mechanisms underlying growth-promotion by the gut microbiota have been described. In particular, strains of the same bacterial species within different genera exhibit strain-specific growth promotion. In a previous study, we used artificial selection on a poorly growth-promoting strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (NIZO2877) and isolated evolved strains with enhanced growth-promoting capabilities in insects. However, it remains unclear to what extent existing growth-promoting strains can further optimise their benefits and whether these effects persist in well-fed mammals. Here, we experimentally evolved a Drosophila growth-promoting strain of L. plantarum (WJL) under conditions of nutrient deprivation. This strain had not undergone any prior evolutionary adaptation. Our aim was to maximize its growth-promoting benefits while evaluating the translation of this phenotype in different animal models. After artificial selection across ten Drosophila generations, we identified an evolved strain (L. plantarum IGFL1) that significantly improved Drosophila juvenile growth compared to the ancestral strain. Administration of IGFL1 to conventional C57Bl/6j male mice under both nutrient deprivation and normal dietary conditions significantly increased body length and weight growth rates compared to placebo-fed animals. These effects were comparable to those of the ancestral strain, suggesting a context-dependent phenotype. Genome sequencing of IGFL1 revealed the presence of four mutations that may be related to more effective utilization of nutrients. Our results demonstrate the high adaptive potential of L. plantarum, although functional improvements in promoting animal growth are strictly context-dependent. Despite this specificity in adaptation, both strains (the ancestral WJL and the evolved IGFL1) show transferable potential in terms of animal growth promotion, as they are both highly beneficial in flies and mice. These results pave the way for testing these strains to enhance the growth performance of agricultural target species.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms such as constipation and dyspepsia. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that a specific gut microbiome is associated with the pathophysiology of PD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. We previously discovered that Proteus mirabilis induced motor impairment and brain dopaminergic neurodegeneration in normal mice. In this context, exploring beneficial microbe would be reasonable strategy to treat PD fundamentally. With that the current study aimed to evaluate whether Lactobacillus taiwanensis BCRC17755 (BCRC17755) could ameliorate PD pathologies induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and P. mirabilis in mice. To demonstrate this, we measured motor function by performing pole test and the rotarod test and conducted histological analysis to assess the changes of factors in both brain and the gut. As a result, BCRC17755 decreased faecal abundance of P. mirabilis, which was higher in both the MPTP and P. mirabilis-treated mice. Additionally, BCRC17755 improved the motor deficits and alleviated damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons observed in both MPTP and P. mirabilis-induced PD mice. Furthermore, BCRC17755 mitigated microglial hyperactivation triggered by MPTP and P. mirabilis in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum of mice. Similarly, the release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, was suppressed following the administration of BCRC17755 in the colon. Taken together, all the results suggest that BCRC17755 is a beneficial microbe for the treatment of PD by inhibiting the P. mirabilis growth.

Recent research findings have established a close relationship between gut microbiota and atherosclerosis development; hence, focus has shifted towards modifying gut microbiota through probiotics administration. We thereby investigated the impact of Limosilactobacillus fermentum ACA-DC 179 on the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Twelve-week-old ApoE-/- male and female mice were treated with low (106 CFU/mouse) or high (109 CFU/mouse) dose of L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 daily for 8 weeks. Microbiota of faeces during intervention and of gut content at study end was determined using classical microbiological and metataxonomic analyses. Additionally, blood serum biochemical markers and atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated in all animal groups. Classical microbiological analysis revealed high counts of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. for both male and female animals, regardless the treatment; however, at study end, L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 high dose managed to significantly increase Lactobacillus spp. counts of faeces of male mice. Metataxonomic analysis of faeces and gut content revealed significant differences among animal groups regarding either intestinal compartment, namely jejunum, ileum or colon, or probiotic treatment. A decrease in Lachnoclostridium and an increase in Erysipelatoclostridium were observed in faecal samples following probiotic treatment. This effect was consistent with the results obtained for all gut compartment samples of mice receiving the high dose of L. fermentum ACA-DC 179. Concerning main metabolism-related blood biomarkers, triglycerides decreased in animal groups of both sexes receiving L. fermentum ACA-DC 179. Moreover, L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 high dose significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in both male and female mice. Overall, our findings indicate that L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 administration attenuated the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice supporting its beneficial potential in relevant human studies. Altered gut microbiota seems to play a significant role to this phenomenon and further studies should be conducted to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

The human gut contains a complex and highly variable microbial ecosystem of which the composition is affected by the health condition, lifestyle and diet of the host. Fermented dairy products harbour microorganisms favourable to the human gut microbial community. Mabisi, a spontaneous fermented local dairy product from Zambia, carries a variety of potentially beneficial microorganisms. Using the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) model system, SHIME®, we tested how the administration of mabisi affects the composition and functionality of the human colon gut microbiota. After ten days of feeding mabisi into the GI-tract model system, the composition of the gut microbial community shifted towards a more even distribution of genera was similar to the community composition obtained by intervention with a standard prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide (FOS). This effect remained even when mabisi was heat-treated and all bacteria there were killed prior to the administration. Comparably to FOS, the microbial shift after mabisi treatment coincides with an increase in concentration of short chain fatty acids. Our findings suggest that mabisi carries important bioactive compounds with a prebiotic potential and might support and stabilize the gut microbial community.

Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) ingestion has been previously shown to be beneficial for glycemic control and pain management, but not in diabetic neuropathy (DN). The present work was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of daily treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 (LA85) strain in a model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced painful DN in mice and characterize its mechanisms of action. Male C57BL/6 mice received a daily intraperitoneal administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, 3 days). After the establishment of sensory neuropathy, mice were daily treated with LA85 (1.0 × 107 or 1.0 × 109 CFU), vehicle, or gabapentin (isolated or associated with LA85) for 28 days. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed using von Frey and Hargreaves tests. Motor performance was evaluated in the rota-rod test. Glycaemic measurement was determined before and after induction in four different times. Gene expression profile, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cord were evaluated by real-time PCR, ELISA, and biochemical assays, respectively. STZ-induced mice showed persistent hyperglycaemia and compatible behavioural signs of sensory neuropathy, such as mechanical allodynia and thermal hypoalgesia. Treatment with LA85, especially at 1.0 × 109 CFU, significantly reduced the neuropathy signs. No LA85-induced motor impairment was evidenced in the rota-rod test. LA85 treatment reduced levels of interleukin-1β, malondialdehyde, and nitrite, and modulated oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cord of diabetic mice. The long-lasting antinociceptive effect induced by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 during diabetic neuropathy may be associated with reestablishment of redox and immune homeostasis in the spinal cord.