Beneficial microbes最新文献

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms such as constipation and dyspepsia. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that a specific gut microbiome is associated with the pathophysiology of PD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. We previously discovered that Proteus mirabilis induced motor impairment and brain dopaminergic neurodegeneration in normal mice. In this context, exploring beneficial microbe would be reasonable strategy to treat PD fundamentally. With that the current study aimed to evaluate whether Lactobacillus taiwanensis BCRC17755 (BCRC17755) could ameliorate PD pathologies induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and P. mirabilis in mice. To demonstrate this, we measured motor function by performing pole test and the rotarod test and conducted histological analysis to assess the changes of factors in both brain and the gut. As a result, BCRC17755 decreased faecal abundance of P. mirabilis, which was higher in both the MPTP and P. mirabilis-treated mice. Additionally, BCRC17755 improved the motor deficits and alleviated damage to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons observed in both MPTP and P. mirabilis-induced PD mice. Furthermore, BCRC17755 mitigated microglial hyperactivation triggered by MPTP and P. mirabilis in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum of mice. Similarly, the release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, was suppressed following the administration of BCRC17755 in the colon. Taken together, all the results suggest that BCRC17755 is a beneficial microbe for the treatment of PD by inhibiting the P. mirabilis growth.

Recent research findings have established a close relationship between gut microbiota and atherosclerosis development; hence, focus has shifted towards modifying gut microbiota through probiotics administration. We thereby investigated the impact of Limosilactobacillus fermentum ACA-DC 179 on the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Twelve-week-old ApoE-/- male and female mice were treated with low (106 CFU/mouse) or high (109 CFU/mouse) dose of L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 daily for 8 weeks. Microbiota of faeces during intervention and of gut content at study end was determined using classical microbiological and metataxonomic analyses. Additionally, blood serum biochemical markers and atherosclerotic lesions were evaluated in all animal groups. Classical microbiological analysis revealed high counts of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Clostridium spp. for both male and female animals, regardless the treatment; however, at study end, L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 high dose managed to significantly increase Lactobacillus spp. counts of faeces of male mice. Metataxonomic analysis of faeces and gut content revealed significant differences among animal groups regarding either intestinal compartment, namely jejunum, ileum or colon, or probiotic treatment. A decrease in Lachnoclostridium and an increase in Erysipelatoclostridium were observed in faecal samples following probiotic treatment. This effect was consistent with the results obtained for all gut compartment samples of mice receiving the high dose of L. fermentum ACA-DC 179. Concerning main metabolism-related blood biomarkers, triglycerides decreased in animal groups of both sexes receiving L. fermentum ACA-DC 179. Moreover, L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 high dose significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions in both male and female mice. Overall, our findings indicate that L. fermentum ACA-DC 179 administration attenuated the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice supporting its beneficial potential in relevant human studies. Altered gut microbiota seems to play a significant role to this phenomenon and further studies should be conducted to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

The human gut contains a complex and highly variable microbial ecosystem of which the composition is affected by the health condition, lifestyle and diet of the host. Fermented dairy products harbour microorganisms favourable to the human gut microbial community. Mabisi, a spontaneous fermented local dairy product from Zambia, carries a variety of potentially beneficial microorganisms. Using the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) model system, SHIME®, we tested how the administration of mabisi affects the composition and functionality of the human colon gut microbiota. After ten days of feeding mabisi into the GI-tract model system, the composition of the gut microbial community shifted towards a more even distribution of genera was similar to the community composition obtained by intervention with a standard prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide (FOS). This effect remained even when mabisi was heat-treated and all bacteria there were killed prior to the administration. Comparably to FOS, the microbial shift after mabisi treatment coincides with an increase in concentration of short chain fatty acids. Our findings suggest that mabisi carries important bioactive compounds with a prebiotic potential and might support and stabilize the gut microbial community.

Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) ingestion has been previously shown to be beneficial for glycemic control and pain management, but not in diabetic neuropathy (DN). The present work was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of daily treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 (LA85) strain in a model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced painful DN in mice and characterize its mechanisms of action. Male C57BL/6 mice received a daily intraperitoneal administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, 3 days). After the establishment of sensory neuropathy, mice were daily treated with LA85 (1.0 × 107 or 1.0 × 109 CFU), vehicle, or gabapentin (isolated or associated with LA85) for 28 days. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed using von Frey and Hargreaves tests. Motor performance was evaluated in the rota-rod test. Glycaemic measurement was determined before and after induction in four different times. Gene expression profile, cytokine levels, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cord were evaluated by real-time PCR, ELISA, and biochemical assays, respectively. STZ-induced mice showed persistent hyperglycaemia and compatible behavioural signs of sensory neuropathy, such as mechanical allodynia and thermal hypoalgesia. Treatment with LA85, especially at 1.0 × 109 CFU, significantly reduced the neuropathy signs. No LA85-induced motor impairment was evidenced in the rota-rod test. LA85 treatment reduced levels of interleukin-1β, malondialdehyde, and nitrite, and modulated oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cord of diabetic mice. The long-lasting antinociceptive effect induced by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA85 during diabetic neuropathy may be associated with reestablishment of redox and immune homeostasis in the spinal cord.

Prebiotics or fermentable dietary fibres are known for their potential to shape the gut microbial community and could be used as a tool in treating gut dysbiotic states found in a wide range of diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the microbiota of individuals with distinct diseases respond to fibre treatments in the same way as healthy individuals do. In this study, a mechanistic understanding of fibre responses across health conditions was performed through in vitro faecal fermentations with various dietary fibres and faecal microbial communities from healthy individuals (HC) as well as Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was measured, and microbial community structure shifts were assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. All tested dietary fibres increased short chain fatty acid production upon fermentation, with variations based on both, disease state and fibre type. The magnitude of shifts in microbial community structure resulting from in vitro fermentation varied by condition; for example, samples from individuals with UC responded weakly to fibre fermentation, while those from individuals with PD underwent dramatic changes. Still, each health condition had distinct fibre types that were more effective in shifting the community structure and increasing SCFAs. Overall, these results suggest that the response to fibres on gut microbiota varies by disease. The selection of disease-specific prebiotics could be tailored according to health conditions for optimal desired gut microbiota responses.

Lactic acid bacteria are a group of microorganisms recognised for their health-promoting properties, with several strains being commercially utilised as probiotics. Probiotics offer numerous benefits, including modulation of the immune system, enhancement of nutrient absorption, regulation of intestinal microbiota, protection against intestinal pathogens, and strengthening of the intestinal barrier. However, the precise mechanisms by which probiotics exert their effects remain incompletely understood. In recent years, research into new therapeutic applications for probiotics has intensified, driven by the urgent need for strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Among the newly discovered properties of probiotics is their ability to produce antivirulence compounds. These compounds reduce the virulence of pathogens without inhibiting microbial growth, thereby imposing less selective pressure for the development of resistance compared to traditional antibiotics. Given the potential for these compounds in clinical settings, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the antivirulence activities of probiotics, with particular focus on lactic acid bacteria. It discusses their effects on two-component and quorum sensing systems, which regulate the simultaneous expression of various virulence genes, as well as their anti-adhesion, anti-biofilm, anti-toxin, and anti-enzymatic activities against a range of pathogens. Thus, this review offers insight into the novel mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria contribute to health, potentially broadening their applications.

Hydrogen metabolism plays a central role in microbial fermentation. However, how hydrogenotrophic microbes impact microbiota composition and metabolite production in gut ecosystems remains largely unknown. Hence this study aims to investigate the impact of altering hydrogenotrophic activities, namely methanogenesis and sulphate reduction, on human gut microbiota composition and metabolite production. Faecal slurries from three methane excretors (MEs) and three non-methane excretors (NMEs) were inoculated into a basal medium with pectin or a carbohydrate mixture as substrates. Methanogenesis was inhibited by adding 2-bromoethanesulfonate to ME incubations or stimulated by adding Methanobrevibacter smithii to NME incubations. Sulphate reduction was stimulated by adding sodium sulphate to both incubations. Our observations revealed that microbial richness and composition, and propionate and methane production differed significantly between MEs and NMEs. Lower hydrogen concentrations were observed in MEs compared to NMEs in the incubations with pectin, but not with the carbohydrate mixture. Remarkably, sulphate was not consumed in either ME or NME incubations. Adding M. smithii to the NME inocula resulted in its persistence in the community and methane production during incubations. The addition of 2-bromoethanesulfonate inhibited methane production in the ME incubations, accompanied with a lower relative abundance of methanogens when pectin was used as substrate. However, altering methanogenesis did not significantly change overall microbiota composition and short-chain fat acid production in MEs and NMEs. These findings suggest that methanogens can occupy a niche in a microbiota that originally lacks methanogens, but that modulating methanogenesis has a minor effect on overall microbiota composition and activity.

The elucidation of the gut-brain axis underscores the critical role of probiotics in enhancing mental wellbeing through immunomodulatory mechanisms. We thus aimed to investigate the effects of a probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Probio87 (orally administered one sachet/day; 9 log cfu/sachet) or placebo for 12-weeks, on immunity and brain health, via possible mechanisms of inflammation and neurotransmitter functions in a generally healthy women population. A parallel, randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was performed in generally healthy women (n = 112). Women were randomised to either the probiotic (n = 58, mean age 38.38 ± 0.85 years) or placebo (n = 54, mean age 38.91 ± 0.98 years) for 12-weeks. Immunity and mental wellbeing profiles were evaluated via questionnaires and blood gene expression profiles. Over the study period, the Probio87 group demonstrated a better impact on general women's health as compared to the control group, as measured by the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), particularly in domains related to depressed mood, somatic symptoms, anxiety, sexual health, sleep, and menstrual health. The probiotic effects were exhibited later, typically after 6-weeks of intervention, taking over placebo effects that primarily faded off during early stages of the intervention. Regarding immunity, women in the Probio87 group exhibited upregulation of more immunity-related genes than those in the placebo group, primarily associated with NK cells and anti-inflammatory effects via IL-10. Additionally, Probio87 provided gut-brain axis benefits by enhancing the actions of neurotransmitters serotonin and GABA, while also balancing hunger and satiety. The probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Probio87 significantly improved general health, mood, anxiety, and sleep in a generally healthy women population over 12 weeks. It enhanced immune function through increased expression of immunity-related genes and positively modulated neurotransmitters involved in brain health. All these findings supported from our WHQ data, where the administration of probiotic improved domains related to depressed mood, anxiety, sexual behaviour and sleep problems. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier number: NCT05302687.

An altered gut microbiota has been shown to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. In this study gut microbiota profile of 30 obese and 23 lean Lebanese individuals was performed via DNA isolation and sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA of faecal samples. The abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobiota was higher in lean subjects and there was no significant difference in the Bacillota/ Bacteroidota ratio between the obese and lean groups. The evenness and Shannon alpha diversity indices were significantly higher in the lean group than in the obese group ( q = 0.012 and q = 0.030, respectively). Beta diversity was higher in the obese group based for unweighted uniFrac distance variability ( q = 0.047). Lachnoclostridium was the only genus that was higher in obese ( q = 0.013) and it is linked to diet induced obesity, while the abundance of the genera Peptococcus, Ruminococcus_2, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, Ruminiclostridium 6, the uncharacterised taxon within Coriobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Oxalobacter, were significantly higher in lean subjects. These bacterial species that were higher in lean people, possess anti-inflammatory properties through the production of short chain fatty acids and are linked with lower body mass index, promote satiety and weight loss and may play a role in the protection against obesity and type 2 diabetes. Further research to generate a clear understanding of the interaction of the gut microbiota and health is needed.

It has already been recognised that lung microbiota differs in healthy and diseased lungs. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a change in the structure, abundance and diversity of lung microbiota correlates with the severity of disease. But how the members of lung microbiota influence healthy and diseased lungs, as well as how they are affected by the lung health status is still largely unknown. In this study, we applied a dual RNA sequencing in order to scrutinise an early interspecies interaction between healthy and diseased human primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to the beneficial bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGPKM22. In healthy and diseased cells interaction with BGPKM22 led to a change in expression of 52 and 45 genes, respectively. The genes IQCN, LINC01554, KCNB1, and CDK7 indicated a specific response of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to the BGPKM22 strain, regardless of the health status. Markedly more genes showed a change in expression in the BGPKM22 strain in interaction with healthy than with diseased cells, 486 and 101, respectively. Interaction with human bronchial epithelial cells caused a stress to bacteria, but the response of bacteria depended on the health status of the cells. The adhesion of the BGPKM22 strain was better to healthy, than to diseased cells. The fitness of the BGPKM22 strain increased only in interaction with healthy, but not with diseased cells. Remarkably, interaction with healthy, but not with diseased cells, stimulated the synthesis of exopolysaccharide layer of the strain BGPKM22. So, beneficial effects of bacteria can be diminished in interaction with diseased cells. Also, a lowered affinity of bacteria towards diseased environment can explain microbiota dysbiosis in the diseased lungs, such as lungs in patients with COPD.