Beneficial microbes最新文献

The effectiveness of probiotics in preventing or reversing antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption remains uncertain, and claims of microbiome restoration to its pre-antibiotic state may be overestimated. In this review, we aimed to assess the efficacy of probiotics in preventing or ameliorating disruptions in microbiome composition and function induced by antibiotic treatment. We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for randomised controlled and non-randomised trials. Participants were individuals of any age who were on systemic antibiotics with a low risk of baseline dysbiosis. The intervention consisted of probiotics during or after antibiotic treatment, compared to placebo, alternative interventions, or no intervention. Outcomes included microbiome composition and diversity analysed using high-throughput molecular methods, alongside microbial function and resistome assessments. Seven studies, reported in eight papers, were reviewed. One study showed probiotics counteracting antibiotic-induced diversity changes, another showed exacerbation of these changes, and four others showed no effect. Effects on taxa abundance ranged from mitigating dysbiosis to selective modulation, no effect, or delayed recovery. One study observed no impact on the resistome, while another reported an increase in antibiotic resistance genes. In conclusion, heterogeneous results preclude a definitive conclusion on the effectiveness of any specific probiotic in restoring antibiotic-exposed microbiomes. For a clearer understanding, future research should be more standardised and long-term, employing advanced methods, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. These studies should strive to include larger, diverse populations to enhance generalisability and clearly define what constitutes a healthy microbiome. Finally, linking changes in the microbiome to specific clinical outcomes is essential for clinical decision making. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023446214.

In a previous study, we reported the in vitro potential probiotic and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production, of several strains from a collection of Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb) strains within the community of natural whey starters from the artisanal cheese industry. GABA is a non-protein amino acid widely distributed in nature and produced in animals, plants, and microorganisms. However, the best known role of GABA is its function as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the GABAergic system has a relevant role in mental health disorders, such as anxiety and major depression. The modulation of the GABAergic system has been suggested as a potential strategy for treatment, one such mechanism of modulation is the influence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis through probiotic treatments. The present study was designed to investigate the in vivo probiotic potential of LPB145, a Lactiplantibacillus strain previously characterised as a GABA-producing potentially probiotic strain. Therefore, we evaluated the behavioural effects of chronic oral administration of LPB145 on rats' anxiety- and depression-like behaviours, using the elevated plus maze, open field, and the forced swimming test. The impact of LPB145 strain treatment on the gut microbiota structure and diversity was assessed to discern a possible mechanism of action of the LPB145 treatment through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Our results showed that LPB145 administration induced an antidepressive-like behaviour without changes in locomotor activity. In contrast, the treatment did not modify the experimental anxiety. The structure and diversity of the intestinal microbiota remained unaffected by the treatment when compared to the control. However, specific clades that could be implicated in the behavioural changes did show differences in their relative abundance. These findings provide evidence regarding the potential of probiotic strains isolated from alimentary sources, to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and positively impact mental health.

Clinical guidelines are recommendations for healthcare providers regarding patients with specific conditions. These guidelines should be based on practice experience and the best available research evidence. However, guidelines developed by various health organisations worldwide often do not agree with each other. This is also true for the current guidelines for the clinical use of probiotics. This article aims to provide examples of conflicting clinical guidelines for probiotics, define reasons for this phenomenon, describe standard tools for improving their quality, and suggest ways to enhance the development and assessment of suitable clinical guidelines for the appropriate clinical use of probiotics in specific conditions.

This study investigated the effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 on alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) and its mechanism for liver protection. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control (CLT) group, an ALD group, and a LRa05 intervention group. The ALD mouse model was established by Lieber-DeCarli chronic alcohol feeding. Tissues staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect changes in histopathology and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Moreover, intestinal permeability was evaluated by the level of dextran-fluorescein isothiocyanate (Dx-FITC) in serum and tight junction protein in the colon. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Alcohol consumption induced liver damage in mice with significantly increased levels of triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, alcohol further induced the increase of intestinal permeability and disruption of gut microbiota in mice, with an increase in the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria Enterococcus, Parabacteroides, and Alistipes. LRa05 intervention significantly attenuated alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing the contents of TG, ALT, and AST, and suppressing the inflammatory responses. Meanwhile, by stimulating the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin in the colon tissue, LRa05 additionally strengthened the intestine barrier function. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis suggested that LRa05 partially ameliorated gut microbiota disorders in ALD mice and up-regulated the abundance of Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia, which were negatively correlated with the indicators of ALD progression. The reconstructive effects of LRa05 on the gut microbiota might be related to the efficacy of LRa05 in improving gut permeability and further protecting against ALD.

Previous studies reporting the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and maternal obesity were mostly confined at the phylum level or at postpartum period. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in gut microbial communities associated with maternal obesity at different time points of pregnancy. We performed 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 amplicon sequencing on stool samples from 110 women in all three trimesters and 1-month postpartum. Maternal gut microbial communities associated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were explored. The influence of maternal obesity on gut microbiota trajectories was determined based on longitudinal shifts in community clusters across the trimesters. The richness index of alpha diversity decreased with the progression of pregnancy, particularly in women with excessive GWG. The evenness index in 2nd trimester was found inversely associated with GWG. Various taxonomic differences in 1st trimester were associated with excessive GWG, whereas limited taxonomic differences in 2nd and 3rd trimesters were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI or GWG. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota trajectory with especially depleted genus Faecalibacterium in 1st trimester was associated with excessive GWG (adjusted odds ratio 5.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-28.1). Moreover, the longitudinal abundances of genus Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group across gestations were depleted in women with overweight/obese pre-pregnancy BMI, while genus Bifidobacterium enriched in women with excessive GWG. Our study shows that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in early pregnancy may have a significant impact on excess GWG. The abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium in 1st trimester may be a potential risk factor. Clinical trial number: NCT03785093 (https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03785093).

Constipation during pregnancy can induce serious complications, including miscarriage and preterm labour, while the evidence of probiotics in improving constipation during pregnancy was little. In this study, 29 healthy pregnant women and 65 constipated pregnant women were enrolled to assess the effectiveness of probiotics on constipation during pregnancy. Our results showed that the probiotics were effective in improving the Constipation Severity Scale (CSS) and Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores, including increasing defecation frequency, decreasing defecation time, and improving fecal characteristics. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the probiotics effectively restored the diversity of intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (13.27% vs 57.20%) and Actinobacteria (3.77% vs 12.80%) were increased, while Bacteroidetes (77.82% vs 20.24%) was decreased. At the level of the genus, Faecalibacterium (2.03% vs 10.33%), Bifidobacterium (1.21% vs 8.56%), and Phascolarctobacterium (0.05% vs 2.88%), the beneficial bacteria were increased, while the Bacteroides (29.23% vs 12.28%) and Prevotella (24.32% vs 4.92%) were decreased. In conclusion, these results indicated that probiotics can effectively relieve the constipation symptoms by improving the diversity of intestinal microbiota, regulating the disturbance of microflorae, and restoring the balance of microflorae to exert a stronger moderating effect than diet and lifestyle modification. Our results provided clinical data and a theoretical basis for the exploitation of probiotics in treating constipation during pregnancy. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100052069.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial neonatal sepsis. This study aimed to confirm the effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius V4II-90 on GBS colonisation during pregnancy. A randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in seven hospitals in Madrid, Spain. The sample was broken down into two groups with 20 participants each (n = 40) in order to show reduced GBS colonisation frequency in the probiotic versus the placebo group. Pregnant participants positive for vaginal-rectal colonisation before or during the 13th week of gestation were randomly assigned to either the placebo or the probiotic group. The probiotic, L. salivarius V4II-90 at 1 × 109 cfu/day was administered for 12 weeks, starting at week 21-23 of gestation. The primary outcome was the percentage of participants with vaginal and/or rectal GBS colonisation at the end of the intervention period (35 weeks of gestation). Secondary outcomes were changes in the microbial composition of vaginal and rectal exudates; premature delivery; premature rupture of membranes; intrapartum antibiotics; new-borns with early or late-onset GBS sepsis; adverse events (AEs); and GBS test results performed at the hospital at week 35 of gestation. Of the 481 participants included, 44 were vaginal-rectal colonised with GBS and randomised. 43 completed the study (20 in the probiotic group and 23 in the placebo group). After intervention, GBS was eradicated in six participants (27%) from the placebo group and in twelve participants (63%) from the probiotic group ( P = 0.030). None of the 185 AEs reported were identified as possibly, probably, or definitely related to the investigational product. In conclusion, oral administration of L. salivarius V4II-90 is a safe and successful strategy to significantly decrease the rates of GBS colonisation at the end of pregnancy and, therefore, to reduce the exposure of subjects and their infants to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: number NCT03669094.

Sleep quality and duration can be impacted by diet, and has been linked to gut microbiota composition and function as the result of communication via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As one strategy to improve sleep quality could be through the modulation of the gut microbiome, we assessed the effects of a dairy-based product containing whey protein, galacto-oligosaccharides, tryptophan, vitamins and minerals after a 3 weeks intervention on gut microbiota composition and (gut-brain related) functions on basis of 67 healthy subjects with moderate sleep disturbances. Associations of the gut microbiota with sleep quality and with response/non-response to the treatment were revealed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing of faecal DNA samples, and subsequent analyses of microbiota taxonomy and generic functionality. A database of manually curated Gut-Brain Modules (GBMs) was applied to analyse specific microbial functions/pathways that have the potential to interact with the brain. A moderate discriminating effect of the DP treatment on gut microbiota composition was revealed which could be mainly attributed to a decrease in Pseudomonas resinovorans, Flintibacter sp. KGM00164, Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, and Flavonifractor plautii. As interindividual variance in microbiota composition could have given rise to a heterogenous responsiveness of the subjects in the intervention group, we zoomed in on the differences between responders and non-responders. A significant difference in baseline microbiota composition between responders and non-responders was apparent, showing lower Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and higher Faecalibacterium prausnitzii relative abundances in responders. The findings provide leads with respect to the effectiveness and potential underlying mechanisms of mode of action in sleep improvement that could support future nutritional interventions to aid sleep improvement.

Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with strong alterations of the microbial composition of the gut. Probiotic treatments and microbiota-targeting approaches have been considered to reduce the inflammation, improve both gut barrier function as well as overall gastrointestinal health. Here, a murine model of experimental colitis was used to assess the beneficial health effects of Bacillus subtilis SF106 and Bacillus clausii (recently renamed Shouchella clausii) SF174, two spore-forming strains previously characterised in vitro as potential probiotics. Experimental colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by the oral administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and groups of animals treated with spores of either strain. Spores of both strains reduced the DSS-induced inflammation with spores of B. clausii SF174 more effective than B. subtilis SF106. Spores of both strains remodelled the mouse gut microbiota favouring the presence of beneficial microbes such as members of the Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia genera.

Recent metanalysis reported that certain probiotic strains, such as Limosilactobacillus reuteri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LGG), seem effective for treatment of infantile colic of exclusively breastfed infants; some reports have also linked probiotics to have an immunological effect, however further investigation are needed to fully understand the exact mechanism. The objective of this study was to assay white blood cells, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 values in peripheral blood in subjects treated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for infantile colic with LGG. Fifty-eight infants were enrolled and followed for a study period of 28 days. Parent were asked to record daily crying time using a structured cry diary. Peripheral white blood cells was assessed and RNA (mRNA) expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was measured using TaqMan real-time PCR-maternal amplification. Infants with colic treated with LGG showed a reduction in daily crying duration after 28 days of treatment and a reduction in values of IL-6 ( P < 0.005) and TNF-α ( P < 0.05); we observe also a significantly decreasing of IL-6 in the placebo group while decrease of TNF-α was not significant in this group. A significant decreased values of monocytes ( P < 0.05) was observed in infants treated with LGG. Our data therefore showed, in addition to crying time reduction, a significant decrease of TNF-α and a significant reduction of monocytes cells in colicky infants treated with LGG, compared to placebo group. This observation supports the hypothesis that probiotics may have anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are needed to better understand the influence of probiotic on immunity cells.