Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230004
E. Torres-Maravilla, A.-S. Boucard, J. Al Azzaz, S. Gontier, S. Kulakauskas, P. Langella, L.G. Bermúdez-Humarán
Abstract Gut dysbiosis has been strongly correlated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and the use of probiotics to modulate this imbalance represents a potential and promising therapy to prevent and treat CRC. For this reason, the identification of novel probiotic strains from diverse origins has widely increased in recent years, including traditional fermented foods. In this work we describe a new strain previously isolated from pulque (a traditional Mexican beverage), Levilactobacillus brevis CNCM I-5321, which may represent an interesting probiotic candidate to prevent and treat cancer. Indeed, our results show that CNCM I-5321 displays significant and specific antiproliferative capacities in human intestinal cancer cell lines (HT-29, HTC-116 and Caco-2 cells), but not in normal cells (FH cells). In addition, CNCM I-5321 is able to induce: (1) a pro-inflammatory immune response through stimulation of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17 cytokines and (2) apoptosis via activation of caspase 8. On the other hand, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed phenotypic resistance of this strain to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. However, no known transferable determinants were found in the genome of CNCM I-5321, thus this probiotic candidate presents no risk of horizontal transfer to the intestinal bacterial population. Finally, the safety status of CNCM I-5321 was evaluated using an innovative model of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to assess undesirable and/or toxic effects. Overall, our results support that CNCM I-5321 strain is non-pathogenic and safe for potential use as an anti-cancer candidate in human and animal medicine.
{"title":"Assessment of the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CNCM I-5321, a probiotic candidate strain isolated from pulque with anti-proliferative activities","authors":"E. Torres-Maravilla, A.-S. Boucard, J. Al Azzaz, S. Gontier, S. Kulakauskas, P. Langella, L.G. Bermúdez-Humarán","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20230004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gut dysbiosis has been strongly correlated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and the use of probiotics to modulate this imbalance represents a potential and promising therapy to prevent and treat CRC. For this reason, the identification of novel probiotic strains from diverse origins has widely increased in recent years, including traditional fermented foods. In this work we describe a new strain previously isolated from pulque (a traditional Mexican beverage), Levilactobacillus brevis CNCM I-5321, which may represent an interesting probiotic candidate to prevent and treat cancer. Indeed, our results show that CNCM I-5321 displays significant and specific antiproliferative capacities in human intestinal cancer cell lines (HT-29, HTC-116 and Caco-2 cells), but not in normal cells (FH cells). In addition, CNCM I-5321 is able to induce: (1) a pro-inflammatory immune response through stimulation of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17 cytokines and (2) apoptosis via activation of caspase 8. On the other hand, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed phenotypic resistance of this strain to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. However, no known transferable determinants were found in the genome of CNCM I-5321, thus this probiotic candidate presents no risk of horizontal transfer to the intestinal bacterial population. Finally, the safety status of CNCM I-5321 was evaluated using an innovative model of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to assess undesirable and/or toxic effects. Overall, our results support that CNCM I-5321 strain is non-pathogenic and safe for potential use as an anti-cancer candidate in human and animal medicine.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135133123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220134
Q. Qing, Y. Chen, D.K. Zheng, M.L. Sun, Y. Xie, S.H. Zhang
Abstract Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains challenging for clinicians. Probiotic fungi may act as candidate options for IBS treatment, but systematic evaluation of their clinical value remains scarce. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy and the safety of probiotic fungi for IBS treatment by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched up to June 2022. Randomised controlled trials recruited subjects with prescriptions of probiotic fungi were eligible. Efficacy and safety of probiotic fungi were re-evaluated. Continuous data were pooled to obtain standardised difference in means (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. The search strategy identified 120 articles of which 7 trial assessing 883 subjects were included in the analysis. Systematic data support that Saccharomyces helps to relieve abdominal pain/discomfort (SMD = −0.205, ), and presented potential improvements on psychological outcomes, stool form for IBS patients. It is hard to demonstrate favourable effects on other symptoms (including distension, mucus passage, sense of incomplete evacuation, urgency, straining). The incidence of mild complications ranged from 0 to 51.4%, but no serious complications were observed in the included trials. Therefore, the partial response and the relative safe of probiotic fungi for IBS treatment have been demonstrated from the existing trials. However, it is premature to eventually declare the practical effects of probiotic fungi. Conducting more high-quality and large-scale trials and real-world studies, or even developing new fungal strains, is still necessary.
肠易激综合征(IBS)的治疗对临床医生来说仍然具有挑战性。益生菌真菌可能作为肠易激综合征治疗的候选选择，但对其临床价值的系统评估仍然缺乏。本研究旨在通过系统综述和荟萃分析来评估益生菌真菌治疗肠易激综合征的疗效和安全性。PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library的检索截止到2022年6月。随机对照试验招募了服用益生菌真菌处方的受试者。重新评价益生菌真菌的疗效和安全性。将连续数据合并以获得95%置信区间的标准化均数差异(SMD)。检索策略确定了120篇文章，其中7项试验评估了883名受试者被纳入分析。系统数据支持Saccharomyces有助于缓解腹痛/不适(SMD = - 0.205，)，并对IBS患者的心理结局和大便形态有潜在的改善。很难证明对其他症状(包括腹胀、粘液通过、不完全排空感、尿急、紧张感)有良好效果。轻度并发症的发生率为0 ~ 51.4%，但纳入的试验中未观察到严重并发症。因此，益生菌真菌治疗肠易激综合征的部分反应和相对安全性已经从现有的试验中得到证实。然而，现在宣布益生菌真菌的实际效果还为时过早。进行更多高质量和大规模的试验和现实世界的研究，甚至开发新的真菌菌株，仍然是必要的。
{"title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: effects of probiotic fungi on irritable bowel syndrome","authors":"Q. Qing, Y. Chen, D.K. Zheng, M.L. Sun, Y. Xie, S.H. Zhang","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains challenging for clinicians. Probiotic fungi may act as candidate options for IBS treatment, but systematic evaluation of their clinical value remains scarce. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy and the safety of probiotic fungi for IBS treatment by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched up to June 2022. Randomised controlled trials recruited subjects with prescriptions of probiotic fungi were eligible. Efficacy and safety of probiotic fungi were re-evaluated. Continuous data were pooled to obtain standardised difference in means (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. The search strategy identified 120 articles of which 7 trial assessing 883 subjects were included in the analysis. Systematic data support that Saccharomyces helps to relieve abdominal pain/discomfort (SMD = −0.205, ), and presented potential improvements on psychological outcomes, stool form for IBS patients. It is hard to demonstrate favourable effects on other symptoms (including distension, mucus passage, sense of incomplete evacuation, urgency, straining). The incidence of mild complications ranged from 0 to 51.4%, but no serious complications were observed in the included trials. Therefore, the partial response and the relative safe of probiotic fungi for IBS treatment have been demonstrated from the existing trials. However, it is premature to eventually declare the practical effects of probiotic fungi. Conducting more high-quality and large-scale trials and real-world studies, or even developing new fungal strains, is still necessary.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135768782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220099
D. Arredondo, G. Añón, J. Campá, J. Harriet, L. Castelli, P. Zunino, K. Antúnez
Abstract Honey bee colonies form a complex superorganism, with individual and social immune defences that control overall colony health. Sometimes these defences are not enough to overcome infections by parasites and pathogens. For that reason, several studies have been conducted to evaluate different strategies to improve honey bee health. A novel alternative that is being studied is the use of beneficial microbes. In a previous study, we isolated and characterised bacterial strains from the native gut microbiota of honey bees. Four Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains were mixed and administered in laboratory models to evaluate their potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. This beneficial microbe mixture was safe; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes, and it was able to decrease the mortality caused by Paenibacillus larvae infection in larvae and reduced the Nosema ceranae spore number in infected adult honey bees. In the present study, we aimed to delve into the impact of the administration of this beneficial microbe mixture on honey bee colonies, under field conditions. The mixture was administered in sugar syrup using lyophilised bacterial cells or fresh cultures, by aspersion or sprayed and feeder, once a week for three consecutive weeks, in autumn or spring 2015, 2017 and 2019. Colony strength parameters were estimated before the administration, and one and three months later. Simultaneously different samples were collected to evaluate the infection levels of parasites and pathogens. The results showed that administering the beneficial microbe mixture decreased or stabilised the infection by N. ceranae or Varroa destructor in some trials but not in others. However, it failed to improve the colony’s strength parameters or honey production. Therefore, field studies can be a game-changer when beneficial microbes for honey bees are tested, and meticulous studies should be performed to test their effectiveness.
{"title":"Supplementation of honey bee production colonies with a native beneficial microbe mixture","authors":"D. Arredondo, G. Añón, J. Campá, J. Harriet, L. Castelli, P. Zunino, K. Antúnez","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Honey bee colonies form a complex superorganism, with individual and social immune defences that control overall colony health. Sometimes these defences are not enough to overcome infections by parasites and pathogens. For that reason, several studies have been conducted to evaluate different strategies to improve honey bee health. A novel alternative that is being studied is the use of beneficial microbes. In a previous study, we isolated and characterised bacterial strains from the native gut microbiota of honey bees. Four Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains were mixed and administered in laboratory models to evaluate their potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. This beneficial microbe mixture was safe; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes, and it was able to decrease the mortality caused by Paenibacillus larvae infection in larvae and reduced the Nosema ceranae spore number in infected adult honey bees. In the present study, we aimed to delve into the impact of the administration of this beneficial microbe mixture on honey bee colonies, under field conditions. The mixture was administered in sugar syrup using lyophilised bacterial cells or fresh cultures, by aspersion or sprayed and feeder, once a week for three consecutive weeks, in autumn or spring 2015, 2017 and 2019. Colony strength parameters were estimated before the administration, and one and three months later. Simultaneously different samples were collected to evaluate the infection levels of parasites and pathogens. The results showed that administering the beneficial microbe mixture decreased or stabilised the infection by N. ceranae or Varroa destructor in some trials but not in others. However, it failed to improve the colony’s strength parameters or honey production. Therefore, field studies can be a game-changer when beneficial microbes for honey bees are tested, and meticulous studies should be performed to test their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136372994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220094
Z. Zhu, C. Hu, Y. Liu, F. Wang, B. Zhu
Abstract Food allergy is an important health problem that affects human quality of life and socioeconomic development, and its treatment requires improvement. Intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely associated with food allergies. A sensitised mouse model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, high-dose (H), and low-dose (L) inulin. The mice were administered water containing different concentrations of inulin four weeks before the OVA injection. Body weight changes were monitored. After the last OVA injection, the mice were scored for allergic reactions. The levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucus were measured, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the faecal flora was performed to evaluate microbial parameters. The intestinal flora biomarkers, correlations between them, and biochemical indicators were analysed. Inulin treatment had no effect on the body weight of OVA-sensitised mice but attenuated allergic reactions and intestinal injury in mice. Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly higher levels of serum DAO and IgE and significantly lower levels of intestinal mucus IgA. IgA levels in the intestinal mucus of mice treated with inulin prior to OVA sensitisation were higher than those in non-inulin-treated OVA-sensitised mice. Furthermore, analysis of operational taxonomic units showed that inulin treatment decreased the abundance of Alloprevotella , Rikenellaceae RC9, Eubacterium siraeum , and Eubacterium xylanophilum , and increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospiraceae . Serum DAO levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , and Odoribacter and negatively associated with Blautia , Tyzzerella , Alistipes , Desulfovibrionaceae , and Ruminococcaceae UCG005. In addition, IgE levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter and negatively associated with Blautia , unclassified Ruminococcaceae , and Alistipes . IgA exhibited significant positive correlation with Blautia , norank_f_Eubacterium coprostanoligenes , Alistipes , norank Desulfovibrionaceae , Muribaculum , and Ruminococcaceae and significant negative correlation with Eubacterim siraeum , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter . Inulin exerts a protective effect against food allergies in mice, which is partially mediated by alterations in the gut microbiota.
{"title":"Inulin has a beneficial effect by modulating the intestinal microbiome in a BALB/c mouse model","authors":"Z. Zhu, C. Hu, Y. Liu, F. Wang, B. Zhu","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food allergy is an important health problem that affects human quality of life and socioeconomic development, and its treatment requires improvement. Intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely associated with food allergies. A sensitised mouse model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, high-dose (H), and low-dose (L) inulin. The mice were administered water containing different concentrations of inulin four weeks before the OVA injection. Body weight changes were monitored. After the last OVA injection, the mice were scored for allergic reactions. The levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucus were measured, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the faecal flora was performed to evaluate microbial parameters. The intestinal flora biomarkers, correlations between them, and biochemical indicators were analysed. Inulin treatment had no effect on the body weight of OVA-sensitised mice but attenuated allergic reactions and intestinal injury in mice. Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly higher levels of serum DAO and IgE and significantly lower levels of intestinal mucus IgA. IgA levels in the intestinal mucus of mice treated with inulin prior to OVA sensitisation were higher than those in non-inulin-treated OVA-sensitised mice. Furthermore, analysis of operational taxonomic units showed that inulin treatment decreased the abundance of Alloprevotella , Rikenellaceae RC9, Eubacterium siraeum , and Eubacterium xylanophilum , and increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospiraceae . Serum DAO levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , and Odoribacter and negatively associated with Blautia , Tyzzerella , Alistipes , Desulfovibrionaceae , and Ruminococcaceae UCG005. In addition, IgE levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter and negatively associated with Blautia , unclassified Ruminococcaceae , and Alistipes . IgA exhibited significant positive correlation with Blautia , norank_f_Eubacterium coprostanoligenes , Alistipes , norank Desulfovibrionaceae , Muribaculum , and Ruminococcaceae and significant negative correlation with Eubacterim siraeum , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter . Inulin exerts a protective effect against food allergies in mice, which is partially mediated by alterations in the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220042
M. Bechberger, T. Eigenbrod, S. Boutin, K. Heeg, K.A. Bode
Abstract The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be upregulated in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome. IL-1β contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, yet its influence on the intestinal microbiome is incompletely understood. The data presented here demonstrate that mice genetically deficient in IL-1β show a specific alteration of intestinal colonisation of a small group of bacteria. Especially Akkermansia muciniphila , a bacterium reported to be inversely associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases and low-grade inflammation, showed increased colonisation in IL-1β knockout mice. In comparative microarray analysis from mucus scrapings of the colon mucosa of IL-1β knockout and wildtype mice, angiogenin 4 mRNA was strongly reduced in IL-1β knockout animals. Since the presence of angiogenin 4 in the culture medium showed a significant growth inhibition on A. muciniphila which was not detectable for other bacteria tested, IL-1β induced expression of angiogenin 4 is a strong candidate to be responsible for the IL-1β induced suppression of A. muciniphila colonisation. Thus, the data presented here indicate that IL-1β might be the lacking link between inflammation and suppression of A. muciniphila abundance as observed in a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders.
{"title":"IL-1β knockout increases the intestinal abundancy of Akkermansia muciniphila","authors":"M. Bechberger, T. Eigenbrod, S. Boutin, K. Heeg, K.A. Bode","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220042","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be upregulated in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome. IL-1β contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, yet its influence on the intestinal microbiome is incompletely understood. The data presented here demonstrate that mice genetically deficient in IL-1β show a specific alteration of intestinal colonisation of a small group of bacteria. Especially Akkermansia muciniphila , a bacterium reported to be inversely associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases and low-grade inflammation, showed increased colonisation in IL-1β knockout mice. In comparative microarray analysis from mucus scrapings of the colon mucosa of IL-1β knockout and wildtype mice, angiogenin 4 mRNA was strongly reduced in IL-1β knockout animals. Since the presence of angiogenin 4 in the culture medium showed a significant growth inhibition on A. muciniphila which was not detectable for other bacteria tested, IL-1β induced expression of angiogenin 4 is a strong candidate to be responsible for the IL-1β induced suppression of A. muciniphila colonisation. Thus, the data presented here indicate that IL-1β might be the lacking link between inflammation and suppression of A. muciniphila abundance as observed in a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135434122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220137
D.M. Hendrickx, R. An, S. Boeren, S.K. Mutte, _ _, H. Wopereis, C. Belzer
Abstract Beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium spp. on gut microbiota development and infant health have been reported earlier. Therefore, supplementation of infant formulas with probiotic bifidobacteria, as well as prebiotics stimulating bifidobacterial growth, has been proposed. Here, we studied the faecal microbiome of infants supplemented with specialized nutrition, of which some received a standard amino acid-based formula (AAF) and others an AAF with a specific mixture of prebiotics and a probiotic (synbiotics) using metaproteomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Faecal samples were taken at baseline, as well as after 6 and 12 months fed with the specialized formula. The aim was to compare microbial differences between infants treated with the standard AAF and those who received the additional synbiotics. Our findings show that infants who received AAF with synbiotics have significantly higher levels of Bifidobacteriaceae DNA as well as significantly increased levels of Coriobacteriaceae proteins, over time. Moreover, at visit 12 months higher levels of some bifidobacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes, known to metabolize oligosaccharides, were observed in the synbiotic group compared to the non-synbiotic group. The results indicate that the synbiotics provided in our study are trackable in faecal samples on the DNA and protein level during the intervention period.
{"title":"Trackability of proteins from probiotic Bifidobacterium spp. in the gut using metaproteomics","authors":"D.M. Hendrickx, R. An, S. Boeren, S.K. Mutte, _ _, H. Wopereis, C. Belzer","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220137","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium spp. on gut microbiota development and infant health have been reported earlier. Therefore, supplementation of infant formulas with probiotic bifidobacteria, as well as prebiotics stimulating bifidobacterial growth, has been proposed. Here, we studied the faecal microbiome of infants supplemented with specialized nutrition, of which some received a standard amino acid-based formula (AAF) and others an AAF with a specific mixture of prebiotics and a probiotic (synbiotics) using metaproteomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Faecal samples were taken at baseline, as well as after 6 and 12 months fed with the specialized formula. The aim was to compare microbial differences between infants treated with the standard AAF and those who received the additional synbiotics. Our findings show that infants who received AAF with synbiotics have significantly higher levels of Bifidobacteriaceae DNA as well as significantly increased levels of Coriobacteriaceae proteins, over time. Moreover, at visit 12 months higher levels of some bifidobacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes, known to metabolize oligosaccharides, were observed in the synbiotic group compared to the non-synbiotic group. The results indicate that the synbiotics provided in our study are trackable in faecal samples on the DNA and protein level during the intervention period.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220113
M. Porbahaie, A. Hummel, H. Saouadogo, R.M.L. Coelho, H.F.J. Savelkoul, M. Teodorowicz, R.J.J. van Neerven
Abstract The intestinal microbiota contributes to gut immune homeostasis, where short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) function as the major mediators. We aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. With that in mind, we sought to characterise the expression of SCFA receptors and transporters as well as SCFAs’ impact on the activation of different immune cells. Whereas all three SCFAs decreased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in activated T cells, only butyrate and propionate inhibited interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-13, and IL-10 production. Butyrate and propionate inhibited the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR9 and CCR10 in activated T- and B-cells, respectively. Similarly, butyrate and propionate were effective inhibitors of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 production in myeloid cells upon lipopolysaccharide and R848 stimulation. Acetate was less efficient at inhibiting cytokine production except for IFN-α. Moreover, SCFAs inhibited the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), whereas acetate effects were relatively more prominent in pDCs. In monocytes and mDCs, acetate was a less efficient inhibitor, but it was equally effective in inhibiting pDCs activation. We also studied the ability of SCFAs to induce trained immunity or tolerance. Butyrate and propionate – but not acetate – prevented Toll-like receptor-mediated activation in SCFA-trained cells, as demonstrated by a reduced production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings indicate that butyrate and propionate are equally efficient in inhibiting the adaptive and innate immune response and did not induce trained immunity. The findings may be explained by differential SCFA receptor and transporter expression profiles of the immune cells.
{"title":"Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells and induce innate immune tolerance","authors":"M. Porbahaie, A. Hummel, H. Saouadogo, R.M.L. Coelho, H.F.J. Savelkoul, M. Teodorowicz, R.J.J. van Neerven","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The intestinal microbiota contributes to gut immune homeostasis, where short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) function as the major mediators. We aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. With that in mind, we sought to characterise the expression of SCFA receptors and transporters as well as SCFAs’ impact on the activation of different immune cells. Whereas all three SCFAs decreased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in activated T cells, only butyrate and propionate inhibited interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-13, and IL-10 production. Butyrate and propionate inhibited the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR9 and CCR10 in activated T- and B-cells, respectively. Similarly, butyrate and propionate were effective inhibitors of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 production in myeloid cells upon lipopolysaccharide and R848 stimulation. Acetate was less efficient at inhibiting cytokine production except for IFN-α. Moreover, SCFAs inhibited the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), whereas acetate effects were relatively more prominent in pDCs. In monocytes and mDCs, acetate was a less efficient inhibitor, but it was equally effective in inhibiting pDCs activation. We also studied the ability of SCFAs to induce trained immunity or tolerance. Butyrate and propionate – but not acetate – prevented Toll-like receptor-mediated activation in SCFA-trained cells, as demonstrated by a reduced production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings indicate that butyrate and propionate are equally efficient in inhibiting the adaptive and innate immune response and did not induce trained immunity. The findings may be explained by differential SCFA receptor and transporter expression profiles of the immune cells.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220116
X.-X. Chen, M.-X. Zeng, D. Cai, H.-H. Zhou, Y.-J. Wang, Z. Liu
Abstract Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been increasingly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the association between APOE4 , the most common genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, and GM in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the GM of participants from China and the USA, with and without APOE4 genes and with or without AD (67 AD cases, 67 control cases). Our results revealed that the GM alpha diversity was not different between groups (AD_ APOE4 , Control_ APOE4 , AD_non- APOE4 , and Control_non- APOE4 ) (419.031 ± 143.631 vs 391.091 ± 126.081, 351.086 ± 169.174 and 386.089 ± 177.200, respectively. ). Interestingly, individuals in the AD_ APOE4 group had different bacterial compositions and bacterial biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test indicated that the abundances of many bacterial species in the AD_ APOE4 patients differed from those in control individuals, including decreases in unclassified_g__Escherichia-Shigella (1.763 ± 6.73, 4.429 ± 11.13, 8.245 ± 16.55, and 5.69 ± 13.91 in four groups, respectively; ), and unclassified_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (0.1519 ± 0.348, 2.502 ± 5.913, 0.5146 ± 0.9487, 1.063 ± 3.428 in four groups, respectively; ), and increases in gut_metagenome_g_Faecalibacterium (2.885 ± 4.47, 2.174 ± 3.957, 0.5765 ± 1.784, 1.582 ± 2.92 in four groups, respectively. ) and unclassified_g_Bacteroides (3.875 ± 3.738, 2.47 ± 2.748, 2.046 ± 3.674, 3.206 ± 3.446 in four groups, respectively; ). In the KEGG pathway level 2 analysis, we identified three significant differences in relative abundances of predicted functions between AD_ APOE4 and AD_non- APOE4 _carrier groups: neurodegenerative diseases (0.0007 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0009 ± 0.0004; P < 0.01), metabolism (0.0240 ± 0.0003 vs 0.0250 ± 0.0003; P < 0.05), and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (0.0094 ± 0.0002 vs 0.0090 ± 0.0002; P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves further demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 for the discrimination of AD_ APOE4 _carrier and AD_non- APOE4 _carrier individuals.
肠道微生物群(GM)生态失调与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的关系越来越密切。然而，散发性阿尔茨海默病最常见的遗传风险因子APOE4与阿尔茨海默病中的GM之间的关系尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们对来自中国和美国的参与者进行了比较分析，包括携带和不携带APOE4基因以及患有或不患有AD(67例AD病例，67例对照病例)。结果表明，AD_ APOE4、Control_ APOE4、AD_non- APOE4和Control_non- APOE4组间的基因多样性差异无统计学意义(分别为419.031±143.631 vs 391.091±126.081、351.086±169.174和386.089±177.200)。。有趣的是，AD_ APOE4组的个体具有不同的细菌组成和细菌生物标志物。Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验结果显示，AD_ APOE4患者中多种细菌的丰度与对照组存在差异，其中未分类的大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌的丰度降低(4组分别为1.763±6.73、4.429±11.13、8.245±16.55和5.69±13.91);， unclassified_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(分别为0.1519±0.348、2.502±5.913、0.5146±0.9487、1.063±3.428);4组患者的gut_metagenome_g_Faecalibacterium分别升高(2.885±4.47,2.174±3.957,0.5765±1.784,1.582±2.92)。未分类_g_bacteroides(4组分别为3.875±3.738、2.47±2.748、2.046±3.674、3.206±3.446);。在KEGG通路水平2分析中，我们发现AD_ APOE4和ad_非APOE4携带者组之间预测功能的相对丰度存在三个显著差异:神经退行性疾病(0.0007±0.0005 vs 0.0009±0.0004;P & lt;0.01)，代谢(0.0240±0.0003 vs 0.0250±0.0003;P & lt;0.05)，其他次生代谢物的生物合成(0.0094±0.0002 vs 0.0090±0.0002;P & lt;0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线进一步表明，ad_apoe4携带者和ad_非APOE4携带者的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.74。
{"title":"Correlation between APOE4 gene and gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"X.-X. Chen, M.-X. Zeng, D. Cai, H.-H. Zhou, Y.-J. Wang, Z. Liu","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been increasingly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the association between APOE4 , the most common genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, and GM in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the GM of participants from China and the USA, with and without APOE4 genes and with or without AD (67 AD cases, 67 control cases). Our results revealed that the GM alpha diversity was not different between groups (AD_ APOE4 , Control_ APOE4 , AD_non- APOE4 , and Control_non- APOE4 ) (419.031 ± 143.631 vs 391.091 ± 126.081, 351.086 ± 169.174 and 386.089 ± 177.200, respectively. ). Interestingly, individuals in the AD_ APOE4 group had different bacterial compositions and bacterial biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test indicated that the abundances of many bacterial species in the AD_ APOE4 patients differed from those in control individuals, including decreases in unclassified_g__Escherichia-Shigella (1.763 ± 6.73, 4.429 ± 11.13, 8.245 ± 16.55, and 5.69 ± 13.91 in four groups, respectively; ), and unclassified_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (0.1519 ± 0.348, 2.502 ± 5.913, 0.5146 ± 0.9487, 1.063 ± 3.428 in four groups, respectively; ), and increases in gut_metagenome_g_Faecalibacterium (2.885 ± 4.47, 2.174 ± 3.957, 0.5765 ± 1.784, 1.582 ± 2.92 in four groups, respectively. ) and unclassified_g_Bacteroides (3.875 ± 3.738, 2.47 ± 2.748, 2.046 ± 3.674, 3.206 ± 3.446 in four groups, respectively; ). In the KEGG pathway level 2 analysis, we identified three significant differences in relative abundances of predicted functions between AD_ APOE4 and AD_non- APOE4 _carrier groups: neurodegenerative diseases (0.0007 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0009 ± 0.0004; P < 0.01), metabolism (0.0240 ± 0.0003 vs 0.0250 ± 0.0003; P < 0.05), and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (0.0094 ± 0.0002 vs 0.0090 ± 0.0002; P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves further demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 for the discrimination of AD_ APOE4 _carrier and AD_non- APOE4 _carrier individuals.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Simon O'Brien, A Robert, D Gauthier, A Le Cavorzin, J Planchais, X Roux, M Verleye, V Castagné
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce a broad spectrum of gastro-intestinal adverse effects, including ulceration and bleeding. The pathophysiology of NSAID enteropathy is complex and incompletely understood, but some evidence showed that NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier and cause a gut dysbiosis. Identifying new treatments aiming to reverse or attenuate NSAID-induced adverse effects would have a significant impact on a high number of patients. The aim of this work is to assess the effects of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) on a model of NSAID-induced enteropathy. Four groups of mice were tested: Control, Indomethacin, Sb, and Sb + Indomethacin. A clinical score was evaluated throughout the experiment. Faecal calprotectin, microbiota and haemoglobin analyses were performed. At the end of the treatments, the small intestine, colon, and caecum lengths, and intestinal permeability were measured. Sections of ileum and jejunum were observed to assess a histological score and ileal cytokines were measured by immunoassay. Indomethacin-treated animals showed an increase in their clinical scores, reflecting a worsening of their general state. Mice co-treated with Sb and indomethacin displayed an improvement of their clinical score in comparison with mice treated with indomethacin alone. Sb prevented the indomethacin-induced shortening of the small intestine and caecum, and significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal lesions. Sb also prevented the increase in faecal calprotectin, reduced faecal haemoglobin, and prevented the increase of intestinal permeability in mice treated with indomethacin. Sb also counteracted the increase of faecal bacteria associated with the pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy. In conclusion, our results show a protective effect of Sb in a model of indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Sb improved the intestinal barrier function and exerted a positive action on gut microbiota composition.
{"title":"Protective effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in an experimental model of NSAID-induced enteropathy.","authors":"E Simon O'Brien, A Robert, D Gauthier, A Le Cavorzin, J Planchais, X Roux, M Verleye, V Castagné","doi":"10.3920/BM2023.0003","DOIUrl":"10.3920/BM2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce a broad spectrum of gastro-intestinal adverse effects, including ulceration and bleeding. The pathophysiology of NSAID enteropathy is complex and incompletely understood, but some evidence showed that NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier and cause a gut dysbiosis. Identifying new treatments aiming to reverse or attenuate NSAID-induced adverse effects would have a significant impact on a high number of patients. The aim of this work is to assess the effects of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) on a model of NSAID-induced enteropathy. Four groups of mice were tested: Control, Indomethacin, Sb, and Sb + Indomethacin. A clinical score was evaluated throughout the experiment. Faecal calprotectin, microbiota and haemoglobin analyses were performed. At the end of the treatments, the small intestine, colon, and caecum lengths, and intestinal permeability were measured. Sections of ileum and jejunum were observed to assess a histological score and ileal cytokines were measured by immunoassay. Indomethacin-treated animals showed an increase in their clinical scores, reflecting a worsening of their general state. Mice co-treated with Sb and indomethacin displayed an improvement of their clinical score in comparison with mice treated with indomethacin alone. Sb prevented the indomethacin-induced shortening of the small intestine and caecum, and significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal lesions. Sb also prevented the increase in faecal calprotectin, reduced faecal haemoglobin, and prevented the increase of intestinal permeability in mice treated with indomethacin. Sb also counteracted the increase of faecal bacteria associated with the pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy. In conclusion, our results show a protective effect of Sb in a model of indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Sb improved the intestinal barrier function and exerted a positive action on gut microbiota composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"239-253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220120
P.P.J. Jackson, A. Wijeyesekera, S. Theis, J. Van Harsselaar, R.A. Rastall
Abstract Recently there is much debate in the scientific community over the impact of the food matrix on prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans. Previous studies suggest that prebiotic selectivity of inulin-type fructans towards bifidobacteria is unaffected by the food matrix. Due to differences in study design, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from these findings with any degree of certainty. In this randomised trial, we aimed to determine the effects that different food matrices had on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans following a standardised 10-day, 4-arm, parallel, randomised protocol with inulin either in pure form or incorporated into shortbread biscuits, milk chocolate or a rice drink. Similar increases in Bifidobacterium counts were documented across all four interventions using both fluorescence in situ hybridisation (pure inulin: 0.63; shortbread: 0.59; milk chocolate: 0.65 and rice drink: 0.71 (log 10 cells/g wet faeces) and 16S rRNA sequencing quantitative microbiome profiling data (pure inulin: 1.21 × 10 9 ; shortbread: 1.47 × 10 9 ; milk chocolate: 8.59 × 10 8 and rice drink: 1.04 × 10 9 (cells/g wet faeces) (all ). From these results, we can confirm that irrespective of the food matrix, the selectivity of inulin-type fructans towards Bifidobacterium is unaffected, yet the compositional make-up of the food matrix may have implications regarding wider changes in the microbiota.
{"title":"Effects of food matrix on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans: a randomised trial","authors":"P.P.J. Jackson, A. Wijeyesekera, S. Theis, J. Van Harsselaar, R.A. Rastall","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently there is much debate in the scientific community over the impact of the food matrix on prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans. Previous studies suggest that prebiotic selectivity of inulin-type fructans towards bifidobacteria is unaffected by the food matrix. Due to differences in study design, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from these findings with any degree of certainty. In this randomised trial, we aimed to determine the effects that different food matrices had on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans following a standardised 10-day, 4-arm, parallel, randomised protocol with inulin either in pure form or incorporated into shortbread biscuits, milk chocolate or a rice drink. Similar increases in Bifidobacterium counts were documented across all four interventions using both fluorescence in situ hybridisation (pure inulin: 0.63; shortbread: 0.59; milk chocolate: 0.65 and rice drink: 0.71 (log 10 cells/g wet faeces) and 16S rRNA sequencing quantitative microbiome profiling data (pure inulin: 1.21 × 10 9 ; shortbread: 1.47 × 10 9 ; milk chocolate: 8.59 × 10 8 and rice drink: 1.04 × 10 9 (cells/g wet faeces) (all ). From these results, we can confirm that irrespective of the food matrix, the selectivity of inulin-type fructans towards Bifidobacterium is unaffected, yet the compositional make-up of the food matrix may have implications regarding wider changes in the microbiota.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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