Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230069
M. Ong, C.G. Green, T. Bongiovanni, L.M. Heaney
The gut microbiome is known to play an important role in the day-to-day physiology and health of the human host. It is, therefore, not surprising that there is interest surrounding the gut microbiome and its potential to benefit athletic health and performance. This has, in part, been driven by the consideration that gut bacterial by-products (i.e. metabolic waste) could be harnessed by the host and utilised for a beneficial outcome. The concept of harnessing bacterial metabolites as beneficial health modulators has developed the theory of leveraging short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as novel supplements for enhancing athletic performance. This review discusses the current literature investigating SCFA administration in cellular, animal, and human models, with the aim of linking the demonstrated physiological/biochemical mechanisms to potential exercise/athletic benefit. In addition, practical implications and factors relating to SCFA-supplementation in athletic populations are considered. The literature demonstrates a tangible rationale that SCFAs can have a positive impact on human physiology to afford benefits to the athletic population. These advantages include the capacity to improve respiratory immunity to combat elevated levels/severity of upper respiratory tract infections often reported in athletes; the blunting of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways to aid in exercise recovery; and the role of SCFAs as usable energy sources and metabolism modulators to fuel exercise and improve performance and/or endurance capacity. However, there is currently minimal research completed in human participants and thus further investigations into the direct benefit of SCFAs in exercise performance and/or recovery-based studies are required.
{"title":"A gutsy performance: the potential for supplementation of short-chain fatty acids to benefit athletic health, exercise performance, and recovery","authors":"M. Ong, C.G. Green, T. Bongiovanni, L.M. Heaney","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20230069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The gut microbiome is known to play an important role in the day-to-day physiology and health of the human host. It is, therefore, not surprising that there is interest surrounding the gut microbiome and its potential to benefit athletic health and performance. This has, in part, been driven by the consideration that gut bacterial by-products (i.e. metabolic waste) could be harnessed by the host and utilised for a beneficial outcome. The concept of harnessing bacterial metabolites as beneficial health modulators has developed the theory of leveraging short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as novel supplements for enhancing athletic performance. This review discusses the current literature investigating SCFA administration in cellular, animal, and human models, with the aim of linking the demonstrated physiological/biochemical mechanisms to potential exercise/athletic benefit. In addition, practical implications and factors relating to SCFA-supplementation in athletic populations are considered. The literature demonstrates a tangible rationale that SCFAs can have a positive impact on human physiology to afford benefits to the athletic population. These advantages include the capacity to improve respiratory immunity to combat elevated levels/severity of upper respiratory tract infections often reported in athletes; the blunting of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways to aid in exercise recovery; and the role of SCFAs as usable energy sources and metabolism modulators to fuel exercise and improve performance and/or endurance capacity. However, there is currently minimal research completed in human participants and thus further investigations into the direct benefit of SCFAs in exercise performance and/or recovery-based studies are required.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230114
S.D. Todorov, A.L. Baretto Penna, K. Venema, W.H. Holzapfel, M. Chikindas
{"title":"Recommendations for the use of standardised abbreviations for the former Lactobacillus genera, reclassified in the year 2020","authors":"S.D. Todorov, A.L. Baretto Penna, K. Venema, W.H. Holzapfel, M. Chikindas","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20230114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139008567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230046
S. Yin, Y. Liao, Y. Ma, X. Han, Z. Yang, J. Fang, R.M. Alahmadi, A.A. Hatamleh, V. Duraipandiyan, V.R. Gurusunathan, S. Arokiyaraj, G. Liu
Gut microbiota may have therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Regulating intestinal microbiota through Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel approach to treating IBD. This study aimed to explore the effect of L. plantarum and FMT pretreatment in alleviating colitis in mice. Five groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were included: CON group, DSS group (dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis mice), LP-DSS pretreatment group (colitis mice were given strain L. plantarum and 5% DSS), DSS-FMT group (mice pretreated with faecal microbiota transplantation were given 5% DSS), and LP-FMT pretreatment group (mice pretreated with faecal microbiota transplantation and L. plantarum were given 5% DSS). Serum metabolites and intestinal microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results demonstrated that L. plantarum and FMT improved gut microbiota in mice by increasing Firmicutes and decreasing the Bacteroidetes. In the serum metabolomics analysis, there were 11 differential metabolites in the DSS-FMT and LP-FMT pretreatment groups, and these differential metabolites were mainly glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. It is worth noting that Lachnospira and Lactobacillus were positively associated with 8 differential metabolites. These results suggest that L. plantarum and FMT can regulate intestinal microorganisms and serum metabolomics to alleviate inflammation.
{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and faecal microbiota transplantation can improve colitis in mice by affecting gut microbiota and metabolomics","authors":"S. Yin, Y. Liao, Y. Ma, X. Han, Z. Yang, J. Fang, R.M. Alahmadi, A.A. Hatamleh, V. Duraipandiyan, V.R. Gurusunathan, S. Arokiyaraj, G. Liu","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20230046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Gut microbiota may have therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Regulating intestinal microbiota through Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel approach to treating IBD. This study aimed to explore the effect of L. plantarum and FMT pretreatment in alleviating colitis in mice. Five groups of mice (n = 6 per group) were included: CON group, DSS group (dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis mice), LP-DSS pretreatment group (colitis mice were given strain L. plantarum and 5% DSS), DSS-FMT group (mice pretreated with faecal microbiota transplantation were given 5% DSS), and LP-FMT pretreatment group (mice pretreated with faecal microbiota transplantation and L. plantarum were given 5% DSS). Serum metabolites and intestinal microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results demonstrated that L. plantarum and FMT improved gut microbiota in mice by increasing Firmicutes and decreasing the Bacteroidetes. In the serum metabolomics analysis, there were 11 differential metabolites in the DSS-FMT and LP-FMT pretreatment groups, and these differential metabolites were mainly glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. It is worth noting that Lachnospira and Lactobacillus were positively associated with 8 differential metabolites. These results suggest that L. plantarum and FMT can regulate intestinal microorganisms and serum metabolomics to alleviate inflammation.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220093
N. Zhang, J. Ding, J. Li, L. Wang, Y. Wei
Abstract Antibiotic misuse has been a severe problem in animal husbandry. It is meaningful to replace antibiotics with Bacillus , as feed additives are indeed a research hotspot. Bacillus pumilus plays a certain role in promoting the growth performance and immunological indicators of animals. There are few reports about the function of goat-derived B. pumilus in animals until now. This study aimed to investigate the effects of B. pumilus fsznc-09 on growth performance and immune function of Jintang black goats. B. pumilus -treated group was fed with 1 ml freeze-dried agent of B. pumilus fsznc-09 at a concentration of 10 9 cfu/ml every 2 days. The growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, the expressions of muscle development and metabolism related genes of Jintang black goats were measured after 30 days. The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were significantly increased, and feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased. The activities of total superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin G and interferon-γ in serum of goats were significantly increased. However, the activity of malondialdehyde in serum was significantly decreased. The diameters and areas in longissimus dorsi fibre and gluteus fibre of goats were significantly decreased, while the densities in gluteus fibre of goats were significantly increased. The expressions of FAS , LPL , PPAR -γ, CAT , MYOD 1, MYOG , MYF 5 and MyHC I in longissimus dorsi and gluteus of goats were significantly improved. The expressions of 1, SREBP -1, MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx in longissimus dorsi and gluteus of goats were significantly increased. The expressions of FN 1 in longissimus dorsi and MyHC IIa in gluteus of goats were significantly decreased. In conclusion, B. pumilus fsznc-09 can effectively improve the growth performance, immunological indicators and the expressions of muscle development and metabolism related genes of Jintang black goat.
{"title":"Effects of Bacillus pumilus on growth performance, serum indexes and muscle development-related gene expression of weanling Jintang black goat","authors":"N. Zhang, J. Ding, J. Li, L. Wang, Y. Wei","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Antibiotic misuse has been a severe problem in animal husbandry. It is meaningful to replace antibiotics with Bacillus , as feed additives are indeed a research hotspot. Bacillus pumilus plays a certain role in promoting the growth performance and immunological indicators of animals. There are few reports about the function of goat-derived B. pumilus in animals until now. This study aimed to investigate the effects of B. pumilus fsznc-09 on growth performance and immune function of Jintang black goats. B. pumilus -treated group was fed with 1 ml freeze-dried agent of B. pumilus fsznc-09 at a concentration of 10 9 cfu/ml every 2 days. The growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, the expressions of muscle development and metabolism related genes of Jintang black goats were measured after 30 days. The results showed that the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were significantly increased, and feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased. The activities of total superoxide dismutase, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin G and interferon-γ in serum of goats were significantly increased. However, the activity of malondialdehyde in serum was significantly decreased. The diameters and areas in longissimus dorsi fibre and gluteus fibre of goats were significantly decreased, while the densities in gluteus fibre of goats were significantly increased. The expressions of FAS , LPL , PPAR -γ, CAT , MYOD 1, MYOG , MYF 5 and MyHC I in longissimus dorsi and gluteus of goats were significantly improved. The expressions of 1, SREBP -1, MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx in longissimus dorsi and gluteus of goats were significantly increased. The expressions of FN 1 in longissimus dorsi and MyHC IIa in gluteus of goats were significantly decreased. In conclusion, B. pumilus fsznc-09 can effectively improve the growth performance, immunological indicators and the expressions of muscle development and metabolism related genes of Jintang black goat.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"87 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220133
J. Dong, Y. Jiang, Z. Li, K. Liu, L. Guo, L. Cui, H. Wang, J. Li
Abstract The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium , E. coli , and E. faecium + E. coli . The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and bacterial counts in jejunum and caecum were detected on day 4 and 8. The results showed that body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and leukocyte counts all increased from the 2nd to the 6th day after feeding with E. coli , and the diarrhoea score was significantly increased. However, E. faecium -pretreated goats had lower body temperatures and fewer leukocytes than E. coli- treated goats on day 2, as well as decreased diarrhoea scores. E. coli treatment caused histopathological damage and morphological changes in the jejunum and caecum, while pretreatment with E. faecium significantly alleviated these injuries. E. faecium pretreatment can reduce the load of E. coli and increase the prevalence of Lactobacillus , thereby balancing the microbiota in the intestine. Furthermore, E. coli -infected goats pretreated with E. faecium showed obvious inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in the jejunum and caecum compared to that in the E. coli treatment group. In conclusion, the addition of E. faecium to goat feed is beneficial for improving clinical symptoms, maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity, balancing the microbiota and decreasing inflammatory responses in E. coli -induced intestinal injury.
{"title":"Enterococcus faecium supplementation prevents enteritis caused by Escherichia coli in goats","authors":"J. Dong, Y. Jiang, Z. Li, K. Liu, L. Guo, L. Cui, H. Wang, J. Li","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220133","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium , E. coli , and E. faecium + E. coli . The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days −4, −2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and bacterial counts in jejunum and caecum were detected on day 4 and 8. The results showed that body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and leukocyte counts all increased from the 2nd to the 6th day after feeding with E. coli , and the diarrhoea score was significantly increased. However, E. faecium -pretreated goats had lower body temperatures and fewer leukocytes than E. coli- treated goats on day 2, as well as decreased diarrhoea scores. E. coli treatment caused histopathological damage and morphological changes in the jejunum and caecum, while pretreatment with E. faecium significantly alleviated these injuries. E. faecium pretreatment can reduce the load of E. coli and increase the prevalence of Lactobacillus , thereby balancing the microbiota in the intestine. Furthermore, E. coli -infected goats pretreated with E. faecium showed obvious inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in the jejunum and caecum compared to that in the E. coli treatment group. In conclusion, the addition of E. faecium to goat feed is beneficial for improving clinical symptoms, maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity, balancing the microbiota and decreasing inflammatory responses in E. coli -induced intestinal injury.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230043
M.B. La Monica, B. Raub, H.L. Lopez, T.N. Ziegenfuss
Abstract A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel clinical study was performed to examine the effects of a probiotic- amylase (PRO) blend on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Sixty men and women (44.4 ± 8.9 yr; 82.0 ± 18.4 kg; 170.3 ± 11.5 cm; 28.1 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 ) were randomised into PRO (n = 29) or placebo (PLA: n = 31) groups. Participants exhibited mild to moderate GI symptoms and severity [via Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)] to be eligible for participation. Participants were tested before (Baseline) and after (POST) 6 weeks of supplementation on various gastrointestinal indices, the GSRS (to assess GI symptoms, frequency, and severity), an anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7), and an overall well-being questionnaire (SF-36). Two (PRO vs PLA) × 2 (Baseline vs POST) mixed factorial ANOVAs were completed to assess group, time, and (group × time) interaction effects. Fifty-two subjects who completed the entire study were analysed (PRO: n = 25, PLA: n = 27). There were statistically significant ( ) interactions for bloating, GSRS score, and abdominal discomfort but time effects for flatulence, constipation, stool regularity, and GAD-7 total score. PRO significantly reduced GSRS score (∼60 vs 25%, d = 0.72), bloating (∼49% vs 25%, d = −0.63) and abdominal discomfort (59% vs 32%, d = −0.66) to a greater degree than PLA. PRO significantly reduced subjective feelings of irritability, pain, and overall health interference. Oral supplementation of the probiotic-amylase blend was very well tolerated. Our study showed that the probiotic-amylase blend reduced the GSRS score and other GI symptoms to a greater degree than PLA. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT05614726
摘要:一项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、平行临床研究旨在研究益生菌-淀粉酶(PRO)混合物对胃肠道(GI)症状的影响。男女60名(44.4±8.9岁);82.0±18.4 kg;170.3±11.5 cm;28.1±4.6 kg/ m2)随机分为PRO组(n = 29)和安慰剂组(PLA: n = 31)。参与者表现出轻度至中度胃肠道症状和严重程度[通过胃肠道症状评定量表(GSRS)]才有资格参加。在补充6周之前(基线)和之后(POST)对参与者进行各种胃肠指数、GSRS(用于评估胃肠道症状、频率和严重程度)、焦虑问卷(GAD-7)和整体幸福感问卷(SF-36)的测试。完成2个(PRO vs PLA) x2(基线vs POST)混合因子方差分析来评估组、时间和(组×时间)相互作用效应。对完成整个研究的52名受试者进行分析(PRO: n = 25, PLA: n = 27)。胀气、GSRS评分和腹部不适之间存在统计学显著的相互作用，但胀气、便秘、大便规律性和GAD-7总分之间存在时间效应。与PLA相比，PRO显著降低GSRS评分(~ 60 vs 25%， d = 0.72)、腹胀(~ 49% vs 25%， d = - 0.63)和腹部不适(59% vs 32%， d = - 0.66)。PRO显著降低了烦躁、疼痛和整体健康干扰的主观感觉。口服补充益生菌-淀粉酶混合物的耐受性非常好。我们的研究表明，与PLA相比，益生菌-淀粉酶混合物在更大程度上降低了GSRS评分和其他胃肠道症状。临床试验注册:clinicaltrials.gov #NCT05614726
{"title":"A probiotic amylase blend reduces gastrointestinal symptoms in a randomised clinical study","authors":"M.B. La Monica, B. Raub, H.L. Lopez, T.N. Ziegenfuss","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20230043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel clinical study was performed to examine the effects of a probiotic- amylase (PRO) blend on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Sixty men and women (44.4 ± 8.9 yr; 82.0 ± 18.4 kg; 170.3 ± 11.5 cm; 28.1 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 ) were randomised into PRO (n = 29) or placebo (PLA: n = 31) groups. Participants exhibited mild to moderate GI symptoms and severity [via Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)] to be eligible for participation. Participants were tested before (Baseline) and after (POST) 6 weeks of supplementation on various gastrointestinal indices, the GSRS (to assess GI symptoms, frequency, and severity), an anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7), and an overall well-being questionnaire (SF-36). Two (PRO vs PLA) × 2 (Baseline vs POST) mixed factorial ANOVAs were completed to assess group, time, and (group × time) interaction effects. Fifty-two subjects who completed the entire study were analysed (PRO: n = 25, PLA: n = 27). There were statistically significant ( ) interactions for bloating, GSRS score, and abdominal discomfort but time effects for flatulence, constipation, stool regularity, and GAD-7 total score. PRO significantly reduced GSRS score (∼60 vs 25%, d = 0.72), bloating (∼49% vs 25%, d = −0.63) and abdominal discomfort (59% vs 32%, d = −0.66) to a greater degree than PLA. PRO significantly reduced subjective feelings of irritability, pain, and overall health interference. Oral supplementation of the probiotic-amylase blend was very well tolerated. Our study showed that the probiotic-amylase blend reduced the GSRS score and other GI symptoms to a greater degree than PLA. Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT05614726","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20230004
E. Torres-Maravilla, A.-S. Boucard, J. Al Azzaz, S. Gontier, S. Kulakauskas, P. Langella, L.G. Bermúdez-Humarán
Abstract Gut dysbiosis has been strongly correlated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and the use of probiotics to modulate this imbalance represents a potential and promising therapy to prevent and treat CRC. For this reason, the identification of novel probiotic strains from diverse origins has widely increased in recent years, including traditional fermented foods. In this work we describe a new strain previously isolated from pulque (a traditional Mexican beverage), Levilactobacillus brevis CNCM I-5321, which may represent an interesting probiotic candidate to prevent and treat cancer. Indeed, our results show that CNCM I-5321 displays significant and specific antiproliferative capacities in human intestinal cancer cell lines (HT-29, HTC-116 and Caco-2 cells), but not in normal cells (FH cells). In addition, CNCM I-5321 is able to induce: (1) a pro-inflammatory immune response through stimulation of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17 cytokines and (2) apoptosis via activation of caspase 8. On the other hand, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed phenotypic resistance of this strain to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. However, no known transferable determinants were found in the genome of CNCM I-5321, thus this probiotic candidate presents no risk of horizontal transfer to the intestinal bacterial population. Finally, the safety status of CNCM I-5321 was evaluated using an innovative model of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to assess undesirable and/or toxic effects. Overall, our results support that CNCM I-5321 strain is non-pathogenic and safe for potential use as an anti-cancer candidate in human and animal medicine.
{"title":"Assessment of the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CNCM I-5321, a probiotic candidate strain isolated from pulque with anti-proliferative activities","authors":"E. Torres-Maravilla, A.-S. Boucard, J. Al Azzaz, S. Gontier, S. Kulakauskas, P. Langella, L.G. Bermúdez-Humarán","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20230004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20230004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gut dysbiosis has been strongly correlated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and the use of probiotics to modulate this imbalance represents a potential and promising therapy to prevent and treat CRC. For this reason, the identification of novel probiotic strains from diverse origins has widely increased in recent years, including traditional fermented foods. In this work we describe a new strain previously isolated from pulque (a traditional Mexican beverage), Levilactobacillus brevis CNCM I-5321, which may represent an interesting probiotic candidate to prevent and treat cancer. Indeed, our results show that CNCM I-5321 displays significant and specific antiproliferative capacities in human intestinal cancer cell lines (HT-29, HTC-116 and Caco-2 cells), but not in normal cells (FH cells). In addition, CNCM I-5321 is able to induce: (1) a pro-inflammatory immune response through stimulation of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-17 cytokines and (2) apoptosis via activation of caspase 8. On the other hand, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed phenotypic resistance of this strain to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. However, no known transferable determinants were found in the genome of CNCM I-5321, thus this probiotic candidate presents no risk of horizontal transfer to the intestinal bacterial population. Finally, the safety status of CNCM I-5321 was evaluated using an innovative model of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to assess undesirable and/or toxic effects. Overall, our results support that CNCM I-5321 strain is non-pathogenic and safe for potential use as an anti-cancer candidate in human and animal medicine.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135133123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220134
Q. Qing, Y. Chen, D.K. Zheng, M.L. Sun, Y. Xie, S.H. Zhang
Abstract Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains challenging for clinicians. Probiotic fungi may act as candidate options for IBS treatment, but systematic evaluation of their clinical value remains scarce. This study is aimed to assess the efficacy and the safety of probiotic fungi for IBS treatment by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were searched up to June 2022. Randomised controlled trials recruited subjects with prescriptions of probiotic fungi were eligible. Efficacy and safety of probiotic fungi were re-evaluated. Continuous data were pooled to obtain standardised difference in means (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval. The search strategy identified 120 articles of which 7 trial assessing 883 subjects were included in the analysis. Systematic data support that Saccharomyces helps to relieve abdominal pain/discomfort (SMD = −0.205, ), and presented potential improvements on psychological outcomes, stool form for IBS patients. It is hard to demonstrate favourable effects on other symptoms (including distension, mucus passage, sense of incomplete evacuation, urgency, straining). The incidence of mild complications ranged from 0 to 51.4%, but no serious complications were observed in the included trials. Therefore, the partial response and the relative safe of probiotic fungi for IBS treatment have been demonstrated from the existing trials. However, it is premature to eventually declare the practical effects of probiotic fungi. Conducting more high-quality and large-scale trials and real-world studies, or even developing new fungal strains, is still necessary.
肠易激综合征(IBS)的治疗对临床医生来说仍然具有挑战性。益生菌真菌可能作为肠易激综合征治疗的候选选择，但对其临床价值的系统评估仍然缺乏。本研究旨在通过系统综述和荟萃分析来评估益生菌真菌治疗肠易激综合征的疗效和安全性。PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library的检索截止到2022年6月。随机对照试验招募了服用益生菌真菌处方的受试者。重新评价益生菌真菌的疗效和安全性。将连续数据合并以获得95%置信区间的标准化均数差异(SMD)。检索策略确定了120篇文章，其中7项试验评估了883名受试者被纳入分析。系统数据支持Saccharomyces有助于缓解腹痛/不适(SMD = - 0.205，)，并对IBS患者的心理结局和大便形态有潜在的改善。很难证明对其他症状(包括腹胀、粘液通过、不完全排空感、尿急、紧张感)有良好效果。轻度并发症的发生率为0 ~ 51.4%，但纳入的试验中未观察到严重并发症。因此，益生菌真菌治疗肠易激综合征的部分反应和相对安全性已经从现有的试验中得到证实。然而，现在宣布益生菌真菌的实际效果还为时过早。进行更多高质量和大规模的试验和现实世界的研究，甚至开发新的真菌菌株，仍然是必要的。
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Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220099
D. Arredondo, G. Añón, J. Campá, J. Harriet, L. Castelli, P. Zunino, K. Antúnez
Abstract Honey bee colonies form a complex superorganism, with individual and social immune defences that control overall colony health. Sometimes these defences are not enough to overcome infections by parasites and pathogens. For that reason, several studies have been conducted to evaluate different strategies to improve honey bee health. A novel alternative that is being studied is the use of beneficial microbes. In a previous study, we isolated and characterised bacterial strains from the native gut microbiota of honey bees. Four Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains were mixed and administered in laboratory models to evaluate their potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. This beneficial microbe mixture was safe; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes, and it was able to decrease the mortality caused by Paenibacillus larvae infection in larvae and reduced the Nosema ceranae spore number in infected adult honey bees. In the present study, we aimed to delve into the impact of the administration of this beneficial microbe mixture on honey bee colonies, under field conditions. The mixture was administered in sugar syrup using lyophilised bacterial cells or fresh cultures, by aspersion or sprayed and feeder, once a week for three consecutive weeks, in autumn or spring 2015, 2017 and 2019. Colony strength parameters were estimated before the administration, and one and three months later. Simultaneously different samples were collected to evaluate the infection levels of parasites and pathogens. The results showed that administering the beneficial microbe mixture decreased or stabilised the infection by N. ceranae or Varroa destructor in some trials but not in others. However, it failed to improve the colony’s strength parameters or honey production. Therefore, field studies can be a game-changer when beneficial microbes for honey bees are tested, and meticulous studies should be performed to test their effectiveness.
{"title":"Supplementation of honey bee production colonies with a native beneficial microbe mixture","authors":"D. Arredondo, G. Añón, J. Campá, J. Harriet, L. Castelli, P. Zunino, K. Antúnez","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Honey bee colonies form a complex superorganism, with individual and social immune defences that control overall colony health. Sometimes these defences are not enough to overcome infections by parasites and pathogens. For that reason, several studies have been conducted to evaluate different strategies to improve honey bee health. A novel alternative that is being studied is the use of beneficial microbes. In a previous study, we isolated and characterised bacterial strains from the native gut microbiota of honey bees. Four Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains were mixed and administered in laboratory models to evaluate their potential beneficial effect on larvae and adult bees. This beneficial microbe mixture was safe; it did not affect the expression of immune-related genes, and it was able to decrease the mortality caused by Paenibacillus larvae infection in larvae and reduced the Nosema ceranae spore number in infected adult honey bees. In the present study, we aimed to delve into the impact of the administration of this beneficial microbe mixture on honey bee colonies, under field conditions. The mixture was administered in sugar syrup using lyophilised bacterial cells or fresh cultures, by aspersion or sprayed and feeder, once a week for three consecutive weeks, in autumn or spring 2015, 2017 and 2019. Colony strength parameters were estimated before the administration, and one and three months later. Simultaneously different samples were collected to evaluate the infection levels of parasites and pathogens. The results showed that administering the beneficial microbe mixture decreased or stabilised the infection by N. ceranae or Varroa destructor in some trials but not in others. However, it failed to improve the colony’s strength parameters or honey production. Therefore, field studies can be a game-changer when beneficial microbes for honey bees are tested, and meticulous studies should be performed to test their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136372994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/18762891-20220094
Z. Zhu, C. Hu, Y. Liu, F. Wang, B. Zhu
Abstract Food allergy is an important health problem that affects human quality of life and socioeconomic development, and its treatment requires improvement. Intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely associated with food allergies. A sensitised mouse model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, high-dose (H), and low-dose (L) inulin. The mice were administered water containing different concentrations of inulin four weeks before the OVA injection. Body weight changes were monitored. After the last OVA injection, the mice were scored for allergic reactions. The levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucus were measured, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the faecal flora was performed to evaluate microbial parameters. The intestinal flora biomarkers, correlations between them, and biochemical indicators were analysed. Inulin treatment had no effect on the body weight of OVA-sensitised mice but attenuated allergic reactions and intestinal injury in mice. Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly higher levels of serum DAO and IgE and significantly lower levels of intestinal mucus IgA. IgA levels in the intestinal mucus of mice treated with inulin prior to OVA sensitisation were higher than those in non-inulin-treated OVA-sensitised mice. Furthermore, analysis of operational taxonomic units showed that inulin treatment decreased the abundance of Alloprevotella , Rikenellaceae RC9, Eubacterium siraeum , and Eubacterium xylanophilum , and increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospiraceae . Serum DAO levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , and Odoribacter and negatively associated with Blautia , Tyzzerella , Alistipes , Desulfovibrionaceae , and Ruminococcaceae UCG005. In addition, IgE levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter and negatively associated with Blautia , unclassified Ruminococcaceae , and Alistipes . IgA exhibited significant positive correlation with Blautia , norank_f_Eubacterium coprostanoligenes , Alistipes , norank Desulfovibrionaceae , Muribaculum , and Ruminococcaceae and significant negative correlation with Eubacterim siraeum , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter . Inulin exerts a protective effect against food allergies in mice, which is partially mediated by alterations in the gut microbiota.
{"title":"Inulin has a beneficial effect by modulating the intestinal microbiome in a BALB/c mouse model","authors":"Z. Zhu, C. Hu, Y. Liu, F. Wang, B. Zhu","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food allergy is an important health problem that affects human quality of life and socioeconomic development, and its treatment requires improvement. Intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely associated with food allergies. A sensitised mouse model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, model, high-dose (H), and low-dose (L) inulin. The mice were administered water containing different concentrations of inulin four weeks before the OVA injection. Body weight changes were monitored. After the last OVA injection, the mice were scored for allergic reactions. The levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucus were measured, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the faecal flora was performed to evaluate microbial parameters. The intestinal flora biomarkers, correlations between them, and biochemical indicators were analysed. Inulin treatment had no effect on the body weight of OVA-sensitised mice but attenuated allergic reactions and intestinal injury in mice. Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly higher levels of serum DAO and IgE and significantly lower levels of intestinal mucus IgA. IgA levels in the intestinal mucus of mice treated with inulin prior to OVA sensitisation were higher than those in non-inulin-treated OVA-sensitised mice. Furthermore, analysis of operational taxonomic units showed that inulin treatment decreased the abundance of Alloprevotella , Rikenellaceae RC9, Eubacterium siraeum , and Eubacterium xylanophilum , and increased the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospiraceae . Serum DAO levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , and Odoribacter and negatively associated with Blautia , Tyzzerella , Alistipes , Desulfovibrionaceae , and Ruminococcaceae UCG005. In addition, IgE levels were positively associated with Eubacterium siraeum , Alloprevotella , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter and negatively associated with Blautia , unclassified Ruminococcaceae , and Alistipes . IgA exhibited significant positive correlation with Blautia , norank_f_Eubacterium coprostanoligenes , Alistipes , norank Desulfovibrionaceae , Muribaculum , and Ruminococcaceae and significant negative correlation with Eubacterim siraeum , Eubacterium xylanophilum , Odoribacter , and Citrobacter . Inulin exerts a protective effect against food allergies in mice, which is partially mediated by alterations in the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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