Workloads among university employees has been associated with high stress. The objective of this crosssectional survey study was to evaluate the employees’ ability to cope with stress, general and mental health andhealth behaviors, and work performance. University employees reported difficulty managing stress, and suboptimalgeneral and mental health. Health advocacy and further research is warranted to address suboptimal health,health-behaviors,and work performance among university employees.
{"title":"A Profile of Stress, Health, and Work PerformanceAmong University Employees","authors":"S. Karnes, B. Niemeier, K. Ksobiech, E. Fischer","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.68","url":null,"abstract":"Workloads among university employees has been associated with high stress. The objective of this crosssectional survey study was to evaluate the employees’ ability to cope with stress, general and mental health andhealth behaviors, and work performance. University employees reported difficulty managing stress, and suboptimalgeneral and mental health. Health advocacy and further research is warranted to address suboptimal health,health-behaviors,and work performance among university employees.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to expand the use of the recently created Campus Tobacco-Free Policy Scale and examine the perceptions of tobacco-free policy benefits and enforcement among on campus residents (N = 1,235). Results indicated high scale reliability (alpha = 0.829), as well as differences between the tobacco users’ and non-users’ health beliefs and policy support. Scale scores revealed that users were much less likely to indicate support for tobacco-free campus policies than non-users (p< 0.001). Users and non-users responded positively that a tobacco-free policy would create a healthier campus environment; however, non-users were more likely to recognize the importance of a tobacco-free policy and feel that students would support the policy (p < 0.001). Both users and non-users indicated support for university-led enforcement strategies as opposed to peer confrontation strategies. The Campus Tobacco-Free Policy Scale is a valid, reliable instrument to examine student support for tobacco-free campus policies.
{"title":"Measuring Student Perceptions of University Tobacco-Free Policy: The Campus Tobacco-Free Policy Scale","authors":"Ronald Williams, Timothy Day, M. Hall, B. Hunt","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.151","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to expand the use of the recently created Campus Tobacco-Free Policy Scale and examine the perceptions of tobacco-free policy benefits and enforcement among on campus residents (N = 1,235). Results indicated high scale reliability (alpha = 0.829), as well as differences between the tobacco users’ and non-users’ health beliefs and policy support. Scale scores revealed that users were much less likely to indicate support for tobacco-free campus policies than non-users (p< 0.001). Users and non-users responded positively that a tobacco-free policy would create a healthier campus environment; however, non-users were more likely to recognize the importance of a tobacco-free policy and feel that students would support the policy (p < 0.001). Both users and non-users indicated support for university-led enforcement strategies as opposed to peer confrontation strategies. The Campus Tobacco-Free Policy Scale is a valid, reliable instrument to examine student support for tobacco-free campus policies.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental factors have been increasingly identi ed as the cause of the current high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand parents’ perceptions regarding environmental in uence and autism. Methods: We conducted individual, face-to-face interviews with parents of children with ASD in Eastern North Carolina. Results: Our sample is comprised of 25 parents of children with autism with an average age of 39.08 and 68% were mothers. Our data indicated that 19 (76%) parents believed that environmental factors impacted the development of their children’s autism, half of whom indicated >50% of influence. Among these environmental triggers, food and water (52%), air pollution (40%), pesticides and cleaning products (20%) were the most identied contributing factors associated with the onset of autism. Conclusions: Our findings reflected some unmet needs to improve parental awareness of environmental triggers of ASD.
{"title":"Parent Perceptions of Environmental Triggers for Autism: A community-Based Pilot Study among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Rural Settings","authors":"Lei Xu, J. Balanay","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2019.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2019.37","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental factors have been increasingly identi ed as the cause of the current high prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand parents’ perceptions regarding environmental in uence and autism. Methods: We conducted individual, face-to-face interviews with parents of children with ASD in Eastern North Carolina. Results: Our sample is comprised of 25 parents of children with autism with an average age of 39.08 and 68% were mothers. Our data indicated that 19 (76%) parents believed that environmental factors impacted the development of their children’s autism, half of whom indicated >50% of influence. Among these environmental triggers, food and water (52%), air pollution (40%), pesticides and cleaning products (20%) were the most identied contributing factors associated with the onset of autism. Conclusions: Our findings reflected some unmet needs to improve parental awareness of environmental triggers of ASD.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47000957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Cooper, M. Sharma, Russell Bennett, A. Mawson, S. Buxbaum, J. Sung
Preventive health screening behaviors are vital for preventing complications among diabetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which constructs of the social cognitive theory (SCT) predict preventive health care screenings in type 2 diabetics. Adults with type 2 diabetes (n=148) were recruited from medical clinics to complete a 41-item valid and reliable instrument. Data were analyzed using logistic and multiple linear regression. The constructs self-efficacy and self-control, along with the variables education and diabetes education status, accounted for 16.2% of the variance. Overall, constructs from social cognitive theory were not strong predictors in this study.
{"title":"Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Preventive Health Screening Behaviors Among Type 2 Diabetics","authors":"G. Cooper, M. Sharma, Russell Bennett, A. Mawson, S. Buxbaum, J. Sung","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.140","url":null,"abstract":"Preventive health screening behaviors are vital for preventing complications among diabetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which constructs of the social cognitive theory (SCT) predict preventive health care screenings in type 2 diabetics. Adults with type 2 diabetes (n=148) were recruited from medical clinics to complete a 41-item valid and reliable instrument. Data were analyzed using logistic and multiple linear regression. The constructs self-efficacy and self-control, along with the variables education and diabetes education status, accounted for 16.2% of the variance. Overall, constructs from social cognitive theory were not strong predictors in this study.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47601623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Orsini, Jeffrey J. Milroy, J. Bernick, S.E. Bruce, Jessica Gonzalez, Becky Bell, D. Wyrick
This study evaluates the Step UP! Bystander Intervention Program and explores whether training that addresses numerous problematic situations is warranted for both collegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. Data were collected from 731 students who participated in 49 trainings. Significantly more student-athletes compared to non-athletes reported witnessing 4 of the 5problem behaviors. Participation significantly improved knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy to use bystander intervention behaviors among collegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. The findings support addressing a variety of problem behaviors to promote safety and well-being of college students and suggest student-athletes should be targeted for enhanced programming.
{"title":"Bystander Intervention Training that Goes Beyond Sexual Violence Prevention","authors":"M. Orsini, Jeffrey J. Milroy, J. Bernick, S.E. Bruce, Jessica Gonzalez, Becky Bell, D. Wyrick","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2019.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2019.35","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the Step UP! Bystander Intervention Program and explores whether training that addresses numerous problematic situations is warranted for both collegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. Data were collected from 731 students who participated in 49 trainings. Significantly more student-athletes compared to non-athletes reported witnessing 4 of the 5problem behaviors. Participation significantly improved knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy to use bystander intervention behaviors among collegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. The findings support addressing a variety of problem behaviors to promote safety and well-being of college students and suggest student-athletes should be targeted for enhanced programming.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48610839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this exploratory qualitative study was to understand undergraduate college student use of social media to seek out health information. A total of 10 interviews were conducted with undergraduate males and females in 2014. Open coding was employed and five themes were chosen as representative: social connection, social pressure, representation of self, critical consumerism, and passive engagement. All participants reported receiving health information passively, while the majority reported actively seeking health information on social media. However, issues of misrepresentation and reliability of information were explored. Social media is a feasible health promotion tool to reach college-aged individuals.
{"title":"Qualitative Investigation of Health Information Seeking Behavior Utilizing Social Media in a College Population","authors":"Christine L Hackman, Sarah E. Pember","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.133","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this exploratory qualitative study was to understand undergraduate college student use of social media to seek out health information. A total of 10 interviews were conducted with undergraduate males and females in 2014. Open coding was employed and five themes were chosen as representative: social connection, social pressure, representation of self, critical consumerism, and passive engagement. All participants reported receiving health information passively, while the majority reported actively seeking health information on social media. However, issues of misrepresentation and reliability of information were explored. Social media is a feasible health promotion tool to reach college-aged individuals.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ratnapradipa, Jonah Lee, K. Ratnapradipa, Marcus Galloway, A. Ruffing, S. Batterman, C. Godwin
In academic labs, organizational culture is an important consideration for safety compliance. This studyexamined perceptions of risk and safety behavior to target training improvement. College of Science lab person-nel (n = 1,066) were invited participate in a web-based survey with the number of respondents (n=97) and theresponse rate (9.1%). Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic evaluation. The majority of respondentsrated safety as important and agreed training was sufficient, but believed there was room to improve safety culture.Encouraging use of lab-based safety and risk discussions related to new research procedures was identified as areafor improvement. Perceptions of safety among leadership is important to overall lab culture.
{"title":"Positive Behavior and Perceptions of Safety Culture in Academic Research Laboratories","authors":"D. Ratnapradipa, Jonah Lee, K. Ratnapradipa, Marcus Galloway, A. Ruffing, S. Batterman, C. Godwin","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.67","url":null,"abstract":"In academic labs, organizational culture is an important consideration for safety compliance. This studyexamined perceptions of risk and safety behavior to target training improvement. College of Science lab person-nel (n = 1,066) were invited participate in a web-based survey with the number of respondents (n=97) and theresponse rate (9.1%). Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic evaluation. The majority of respondentsrated safety as important and agreed training was sufficient, but believed there was room to improve safety culture.Encouraging use of lab-based safety and risk discussions related to new research procedures was identified as areafor improvement. Perceptions of safety among leadership is important to overall lab culture.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41816243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the association between multiple measures of acculturation and objectively measured hypertension among three Asian American groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 584 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese adults. Acculturation was measured by years in the U.S., English fluency, and self-rated identity. Hypertension prevalence was 29.1%. Individuals who self-rated as “bicultural/westernized” were less likely to have hypertension as compared to those who self-rated as “Very Asian”. In the subgroup analysis, significant association between acculturation as measured by self-rated identity and hypertension was only observed among Chinese participants. Future research can benefit by acknowledging the multidimensional effects of acculturation on hypertension.
{"title":"Hypertension Among Asian Americans: Associations With Measures of Acculturation","authors":"Xiaoxiao Lu, H. Sim, H. Juon, Sunmin Lee","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.144","url":null,"abstract":" We examined the association between multiple measures of acculturation and objectively measured hypertension among three Asian American groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 584 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese adults. Acculturation was measured by years in the U.S., English fluency, and self-rated identity. Hypertension prevalence was 29.1%. Individuals who self-rated as “bicultural/westernized” were less likely to have hypertension as compared to those who self-rated as “Very Asian”. In the subgroup analysis, significant association between acculturation as measured by self-rated identity and hypertension was only observed among Chinese participants. Future research can benefit by acknowledging the multidimensional effects of acculturation on hypertension.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed the relationship of past 30-day energy drink consumption and measures of high-risk alcohol use. Participants included a sample of college students (N = 557) who completed a validated survey measuring the relationship of past 30-day energy drink and alcohol use. Past 30-day energy drink use was related to multiple high-risk alcohol behaviors including increased frequency of consumption, intoxication, heavy episodic drinking, and number of alcoholic drinks per occasion during the past 30-days (p<.001; r>0.26). Energy drink users reported consuming alcohol nearly twice as many days as non-energy drink users. Prevention initiatives should address the misuse of alcohol, while seeking to limitenergy drink use.
{"title":"High-Risk Alcohol Use Associated with Past 30-Day Energy Drink Use","authors":"Ronald D. Williams, C. Woolsey, Jeff M. Housman","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.63","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the relationship of past 30-day energy drink consumption and measures of high-risk alcohol use. Participants included a sample of college students (N = 557) who completed a validated survey measuring the relationship of past 30-day energy drink and alcohol use. Past 30-day energy drink use was related to multiple high-risk alcohol behaviors including increased frequency of consumption, intoxication, heavy episodic drinking, and number of alcoholic drinks per occasion during the past 30-days (p<.001; r>0.26). Energy drink users reported consuming alcohol nearly twice as many days as non-energy drink users. Prevention initiatives should address the misuse of alcohol, while seeking to limitenergy drink use.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46180048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kadi Bliss, E. Zarco, Michael Trovato, Allan J. Miller
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which health educators in variousworkplace settings utilize social media for professional uses, and to determine what those uses are. A crosssectional survey study design was utilized. Logistic regression found workplace setting to be a significantvariable, and odds ratios revealed certain settings were more likely to use social media. Facebook was themost used form by all workplace settings except university faculty (LinkedIn was most used). The mostfrequently reported purpose for was increasing awareness about health issues. While there are drawbacks tousing social media, it is being utilized within the field and can assist health education specialists in manyways, including capturing new audiences and reaching program objectives.
{"title":"Social Media Use among Health Education Specialists: A Pilot Study","authors":"Kadi Bliss, E. Zarco, Michael Trovato, Allan J. Miller","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.65","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which health educators in variousworkplace settings utilize social media for professional uses, and to determine what those uses are. A crosssectional survey study design was utilized. Logistic regression found workplace setting to be a significantvariable, and odds ratios revealed certain settings were more likely to use social media. Facebook was themost used form by all workplace settings except university faculty (LinkedIn was most used). The mostfrequently reported purpose for was increasing awareness about health issues. While there are drawbacks tousing social media, it is being utilized within the field and can assist health education specialists in manyways, including capturing new audiences and reaching program objectives.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43900970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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