Pub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-06-27DOI: 10.47779/ajhs.2021.638
Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Matt Asare, Karla J Bautista, Ijeoma Opara
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in the United States can negatively impact physical and mental health. Participants were asked about psychosocial factors associated with experiencing symptoms of distress via surveys distributed on Social Media. Results showed that younger age, unemployment/losing wages/job, worse perceived general health (compared to excellent health) and recent smoking were consistently associated with increased odds of feelings of depression and anxiety. Further, females (aOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.11) was associated with increased odds of feelings of depression. Findings reinforce a call for widespread, targeted prevention and treatment interventions for particular groups.
{"title":"Symptoms of distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.","authors":"Chukwuemeka N Okafor, Matt Asare, Karla J Bautista, Ijeoma Opara","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2021.638","DOIUrl":"10.47779/ajhs.2021.638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in the United States can negatively impact physical and mental health. Participants were asked about psychosocial factors associated with experiencing symptoms of distress via surveys distributed on Social Media. Results showed that younger age, unemployment/losing wages/job, worse perceived general health (compared to excellent health) and recent smoking were consistently associated with increased odds of feelings of depression and anxiety. Further, females (aOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.11) was associated with increased odds of feelings of depression. Findings reinforce a call for widespread, targeted prevention and treatment interventions for particular groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8321393/pdf/nihms-1723204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39199332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa G Yazel-Smith, Charity Bishop, Candace L. Ayars
Health education specialists (HES) can reduce obesity burden within the public and healthcare systems. This study examined HES’ obesity knowledge and attitudes toward obesity with their willingness to integrate obesity health education (HE) into current work roles. A sample of 1297 completed the survey. No relationships were found between respondents’ obesity knowledge and willingness, nor between bias and willingness, while 90% were willing to integrate obesity HE into current work roles. Additional results show age, years in practice, and currently working in obesity predicted willingness. Health education specialists are willing to integrate obesity health education regardless of knowledge or biases.
{"title":"Obesity Health Education Integrated Into Current Work Roles of Health Education Specialists","authors":"Lisa G Yazel-Smith, Charity Bishop, Candace L. Ayars","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2020.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.238","url":null,"abstract":"Health education specialists (HES) can reduce obesity burden within the public and healthcare systems. This study examined HES’ obesity knowledge and attitudes toward obesity with their willingness to integrate obesity health education (HE) into current work roles. A sample of 1297 completed the survey. No relationships were found between respondents’ obesity knowledge and willingness, nor between bias and willingness, while 90% were willing to integrate obesity HE into current work roles. Additional results show age, years in practice, and currently working in obesity predicted willingness. Health education specialists are willing to integrate obesity health education regardless of knowledge or biases.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Smith, C. Story, Korissa C. Hobbs, Tyler Bos, Garvita Thareja
Food insecurity is a serious public health problem among college students, negatively affecting academic performance and health outcomes. The primary objective of the study involved the exploration of the potential association between food insecurity and carotenoid scan levels. Additionally, the association between food insecurity and coping strategies utilized was investigated. A Qualtrics survey and BioPhotonic Scanner™ were utilized to conduct an exploratory cross-sectional study with students from a mid-size four-year university (n=410). The USDA food security definitions and assessment tools were used for categorization. More than 31% percent of participants were classified as food insecure, with 5.1% considered very low and 26.6% low food security. A statistically significant factor associated with food insecurity was ethnicity (OR= .19). Other factors included: skipped buying textbooks to buy food (OR=.09), avoided buying expensive foods like fruits and vegetables (OR=.24), stretched food by limiting (OR= .09), removed spoiled parts from fruits and vegetables (OR= .73). Carotenoid scan scores were not associated with food insecurity. Coping strategies are often used by food insecure students and should be further examined to pinpoint promising strategies.
{"title":"Food Insecurity, Carotenoid Values and Coping Strategies of Students on a Mid-Sized College Campus","authors":"E. Smith, C. Story, Korissa C. Hobbs, Tyler Bos, Garvita Thareja","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2020.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.240","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity is a serious public health problem among college students, negatively affecting academic performance and health outcomes. The primary objective of the study involved the exploration of the potential association between food insecurity and carotenoid scan levels. Additionally, the association between food insecurity and coping strategies utilized was investigated. A Qualtrics survey and BioPhotonic Scanner™ were utilized to conduct an exploratory cross-sectional study with students from a mid-size four-year university (n=410). The USDA food security definitions and assessment tools were used for categorization. More than 31% percent of participants were classified as food insecure, with 5.1% considered very low and 26.6% low food security. A statistically significant factor associated with food insecurity was ethnicity (OR= .19). Other factors included: skipped buying textbooks to buy food (OR=.09), avoided buying expensive foods like fruits and vegetables (OR=.24), stretched food by limiting (OR= .09), removed spoiled parts from fruits and vegetables (OR= .73). Carotenoid scan scores were not associated with food insecurity. Coping strategies are often used by food insecure students and should be further examined to pinpoint promising strategies.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45367189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick C. Herbert, D. Rhodes, Elizabeth A. Whitney, Je’Lynn Tiberi-Ramos, Hailee Baer, Haley Bylina, Carol Cox
School-based substance use prevention and prosocial skills-based interventions have demonstrated promise, however, there is less known about the cognitive and behavioral benefits of such programs conducted in afterschool settings. A four-lesson, early intervention program focused on prosocial behavior development and facilitated by community substance use prevention coalition members was delivered to early elementary-aged participants in an afterschool program. Participant prevention knowledge as measured by brief pre-post quiz improved significantly (p < 0.001), but their mentor-observed prosocial behaviors as measured by pre-post behavioral attribute scale did not. A brief afterschool early prevention intervention can change substance use knowledge among early elementary participants. Prosocial behavior change, though, still warrants future investigation in the afterschool setting.
{"title":"Effects of a Prosocial Skills Curriculum in an Afterschool Program","authors":"Patrick C. Herbert, D. Rhodes, Elizabeth A. Whitney, Je’Lynn Tiberi-Ramos, Hailee Baer, Haley Bylina, Carol Cox","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2020.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.239","url":null,"abstract":"School-based substance use prevention and prosocial skills-based interventions have demonstrated promise, however, there is less known about the cognitive and behavioral benefits of such programs conducted in afterschool settings. A four-lesson, early intervention program focused on prosocial behavior development and facilitated by community substance use prevention coalition members was delivered to early elementary-aged participants in an afterschool program. Participant prevention knowledge as measured by brief pre-post quiz improved significantly (p < 0.001), but their mentor-observed prosocial behaviors as measured by pre-post behavioral attribute scale did not. A brief afterschool early prevention intervention can change substance use knowledge among early elementary participants. Prosocial behavior change, though, still warrants future investigation in the afterschool setting.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42691217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes and analyzes a pre-post non-experimental process evaluation in a Community Health Improvement Plan and the building of evidence for program improvement in the Plan, Do, Check and Act (PDCA) continuous improvement cycle with a focus on the Check and Act steps. The findings will help stakeholders to gain insight into plan implementation and consider necessary design and process adjustments. An overall mean completion rate of 60.44% was recorded with achievement scores ranging from 0% (goals 4 and 5) to 87.92% (goal 1). At the mid-point of implementation, completion for each priority issue was as follows: completion and fidelity rates for action steps addressing healthy behaviors priority issue was 78.05%, the implementation rate for action steps addressing Health Care Capacity, Access, and Delivery priority issue was 43.38%; and the completion rate for action steps addressing changes in policy systems, environment priority issue was at 50%. The level of implementation completion for each priority issue and corresponding action steps aligns with the degree of issue complexity predicted in the conceptual framework. These patterns suggest that initiatives that addressed fundamental causes of poor health status are harder to implement as evidenced by lower completion and fidelity rates.
{"title":"Assessing Implementation Fidelity in a Community Health Improvement Plan","authors":"D. Tataw, Olugbemiga Tanilèpadàkunday","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2020.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and analyzes a pre-post non-experimental process evaluation in a Community Health Improvement Plan and the building of evidence for program improvement in the Plan, Do, Check and Act (PDCA) continuous improvement cycle with a focus on the Check and Act steps. The findings will help stakeholders to gain insight into plan implementation and consider necessary design and process adjustments. An overall mean completion rate of 60.44% was recorded with achievement scores ranging from 0% (goals 4 and 5) to 87.92% (goal 1). At the mid-point of implementation, completion for each priority issue was as follows: completion and fidelity rates for action steps addressing healthy behaviors priority issue was 78.05%, the implementation rate for action steps addressing Health Care Capacity, Access, and Delivery priority issue was 43.38%; and the completion rate for action steps addressing changes in policy systems, environment priority issue was at 50%. The level of implementation completion for each priority issue and corresponding action steps aligns with the degree of issue complexity predicted in the conceptual framework. These patterns suggest that initiatives that addressed fundamental causes of poor health status are harder to implement as evidenced by lower completion and fidelity rates.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41366429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine Kowalk, D. Henry, K. Walter, Laura Y. Merrell
information for high school students on the importance of healthy relationships. Students were invited to attend a three-lesson program during extended learning times. Students completed surveys at baseline and following the final lesson. Post-program, a sample of students were surveyed in order to assess attendance barriers. While attitudes of students toward the program were positive, academic obligations and lack of advertisement were implementing this curriculum.
{"title":"Piloting Unequal Partners at a High School: Lessons Learned","authors":"Katherine Kowalk, D. Henry, K. Walter, Laura Y. Merrell","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2020.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.237","url":null,"abstract":"information for high school students on the importance of healthy relationships. Students were invited to attend a three-lesson program during extended learning times. Students completed surveys at baseline and following the final lesson. Post-program, a sample of students were surveyed in order to assess attendance barriers. While attitudes of students toward the program were positive, academic obligations and lack of advertisement were implementing this curriculum.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49412664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Craig M. Becker, Ashley R. Norris, S. Berry, B. Chaney, M. Robinson
Health has been shown to influence academic performance and self-regulation can have a positive influence on learning and health. This study investigated student usability and teacher feasibility of the Scholar Checklist tool for early childhood education and health. This study was a two-phased study, at a Division 1 university child development center. The study developed and tested the Scholar Checklist (SC) education tool with students and teachers. Phase one focused on student usability and phase two focused on teacher feasibility. Observations over multiple days by teachers and researchers collected baseline data. Teachers and researchers then collected and analyzed data about its usability and feasibility. Researcher observations, teacher perceptions, and teacher feedback suggested promising student usability and teacher feasibility of the Scholar Checklist in the education process.
{"title":"Pilot Assessment of the Scholar Checklist: A Tool for Early Childhood Health & Education","authors":"Craig M. Becker, Ashley R. Norris, S. Berry, B. Chaney, M. Robinson","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2020.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2020.241","url":null,"abstract":"Health has been shown to influence academic performance and self-regulation can have a positive influence on learning and health. This study investigated student usability and teacher feasibility of the Scholar Checklist tool for early childhood education and health. This study was a two-phased study, at a Division 1 university child development center. The study developed and tested the Scholar Checklist (SC) education tool with students and teachers. Phase one focused on student usability and phase two focused on teacher feasibility. Observations over multiple days by teachers and researchers collected baseline data. Teachers and researchers then collected and analyzed data about its usability and feasibility. Researcher observations, teacher perceptions, and teacher feedback suggested promising student usability and teacher feasibility of the Scholar Checklist in the education process.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46825661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Barisic, N. Kreiger, S. Leatherdale, G. Faulkner, V. Kirsh, K. Arbour-Nicitopoulos
This paper examines the influence of an initial face-to-face meeting in an e-mail delivered physical activity intervention. RMANCOVA was conducted to examine differences between e-mail and face-to-face arms in mean weekly steps adjusted for baseline steps, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Overall, 68 participants were analyzed (face-to-face: (n=35); e-mail: (n=33). Participants in the face-to-face arm walked a greater number of steps each week; however, differences between arms pre- and post-intervention were not statistically significant (F (1, 60) = 0.31, p = .5796). These findings suggest that a physical activity intervention where initial instructions are delivered via e-mail is not statistically significantly different from a face-to-face approach.
{"title":"The Influence of an Initial Face-to-Face Meeting in an E-mail Delivered Physical Activity Intervention: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"A. Barisic, N. Kreiger, S. Leatherdale, G. Faulkner, V. Kirsh, K. Arbour-Nicitopoulos","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2014.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2014.211","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the influence of an initial face-to-face meeting in an e-mail delivered physical activity intervention. RMANCOVA was conducted to examine differences between e-mail and face-to-face arms in mean weekly steps adjusted for baseline steps, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Overall, 68 participants were analyzed (face-to-face: (n=35); e-mail: (n=33). Participants in the face-to-face arm walked a greater number of steps each week; however, differences between arms pre- and post-intervention were not statistically significant (F (1, 60) = 0.31, p = .5796). These findings suggest that a physical activity intervention where initial instructions are delivered via e-mail is not statistically significantly different from a face-to-face approach.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49092531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. J. Everhart, E. V. Wasshenova, Rachel Mahas, Diane Kerr, D. Boardley, Amy Thompson
The purpose of this national population study is to assess health education faculty’s perceptions of advocacy related activities and determine their current teaching practices. The study surveyed 1150 health education faculty members regarding their personal involvement in health advocacy, their current teaching practices regarding advocacy and public policy, and their confidence in teaching advocacy and public policy topics. The survey response rate was 50 %. Based on the findings of this study, professional development for faculty members and institutional support for increased training and personal involvement in the areas of advocacy and public policy are highly recommended.
{"title":"Health Education Faculty's Perceptions and Practices Regarding Advocacy","authors":"F. J. Everhart, E. V. Wasshenova, Rachel Mahas, Diane Kerr, D. Boardley, Amy Thompson","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2015.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2015.183","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this national population study is to assess health education faculty’s perceptions of advocacy related activities and determine their current teaching practices. The study surveyed 1150 health education faculty members regarding their personal involvement in health advocacy, their current teaching practices regarding advocacy and public policy, and their confidence in teaching advocacy and public policy topics. The survey response rate was 50 %. Based on the findings of this study, professional development for faculty members and institutional support for increased training and personal involvement in the areas of advocacy and public policy are highly recommended.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43978814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between college student’s behavior, health beliefs, norms, and intentions to use e-cigarettes by gender and race. A total of 442 college students with a mean age of 23.3 years old participated in the study. An electronic survey was administered among participants during the spring of 2014. The results of this study found varying patterns of use, health beliefs and intentions regarding e-cigarette use among college students of different gender and race. As research has indicated, the prevalence of use is on the rise and for effective interventions to be developed the factors that influence use need to be explored further.
{"title":"College Student's Behavior, Health Beliefs, Norms, and Intentions to Use E-Cigarettes","authors":"Michael S Dunn","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2015.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2015.176","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between college student’s behavior, health beliefs, norms, and intentions to use e-cigarettes by gender and race. A total of 442 college students with a mean age of 23.3 years old participated in the study. An electronic survey was administered among participants during the spring of 2014. The results of this study found varying patterns of use, health beliefs and intentions regarding e-cigarette use among college students of different gender and race. As research has indicated, the prevalence of use is on the rise and for effective interventions to be developed the factors that influence use need to be explored further.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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