The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of food deserts on the subjective health of rural residing African Americans. The authors also examined the potential moderating role of physical activity. Data were part of a larger health assessment project. In this study, African Americans (156 women, 49 men) taking part in this study lived in rural central Texas. Results indicate that whereas participants did not perceive a lack of healthy food, they did perceive financial barriers to obtaining such diet options. Further analyses revealed that the presence of food deserts interacted with physical activity levels to predict subjective health: when activity levels were low, food deserts were negatively associated with subjective health, but these effects were nullified when physical activity levels were high. African Americans living in rural settings face unique challenges to obtaining and consuming healthy food, and as a result, health can suffer. These negative effects can be countered though by engaging in the recommended levels of moderate physical activity.
{"title":"The Influence of Perceived Access to Healthy Food and Physical Activity on the Subjective Health of African Americans in Rural Communities","authors":"Jo Walker, G. Cunningham","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2014.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2014.212","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of food deserts on the subjective health of rural residing African Americans. The authors also examined the potential moderating role of physical activity. Data were part of a larger health assessment project. In this study, African Americans (156 women, 49 men) taking part in this study lived in rural central Texas. Results indicate that whereas participants did not perceive a lack of healthy food, they did perceive financial barriers to obtaining such diet options. Further analyses revealed that the presence of food deserts interacted with physical activity levels to predict subjective health: when activity levels were low, food deserts were negatively associated with subjective health, but these effects were nullified when physical activity levels were high. African Americans living in rural settings face unique challenges to obtaining and consuming healthy food, and as a result, health can suffer. These negative effects can be countered though by engaging in the recommended levels of moderate physical activity.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42332474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zacharia, E. L. Taylor, Paul Branscum, M. Cheney, Craig W. Hofford, Michael Crowson
This study investigated the effectiveness of a yoga exercise and relapse prevention program on physical health outcomes, predictors of exercise and exercise adherence in adults aged 40-64 years with osteoarthritis. A yoga intervention was first implemented to all the participants, and then participants were randomized into one of two conditions: a relapse prevention program, which provided continued encouragement and guidance for practicing yoga, and a control group. Results (two-way repeated measures ANOVA) indicated that participation in the yoga intervention significantly improved pain (P<0.001), physical function (P<0.001) and physical activity levels (P=0.003), but the relapse prevention interven-tion provided no added benefit.
{"title":"Effects of a Yoga Intervention on Adults with Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"S. Zacharia, E. L. Taylor, Paul Branscum, M. Cheney, Craig W. Hofford, Michael Crowson","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.60","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effectiveness of a yoga exercise and relapse prevention program on physical health outcomes, predictors of exercise and exercise adherence in adults aged 40-64 years with osteoarthritis. A yoga intervention was first implemented to all the participants, and then participants were randomized into one of two conditions: a relapse prevention program, which provided continued encouragement and guidance for practicing yoga, and a control group. Results (two-way repeated measures ANOVA) indicated that participation in the yoga intervention significantly improved pain (P<0.001), physical function (P<0.001) and physical activity levels (P=0.003), but the relapse prevention interven-tion provided no added benefit.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hispanic American women face high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Cultural influences, language barriers, and lifestyle habits are major influences on health outcomes for this demographic. The peer education model has been proven to decrease health disparities for Hispanic communities overall, and increase effectiveness of health programs. As prevention education becomes more mainstream however, it is important to develop programs grounded in theory. The Social Cognitive Theory offers a theoretical framework for diabetes peer education programs geared to Hispanic American women, with its core constructs of personal cognitive, socioenvironmental, and behavior factors interacting in a way known as reciprocal determinism.
{"title":"The Application of Social Cognitive Theory to Diabetes Health Education Practice for Hispanic American women","authors":"Olumayowa Azeez, Brittny Bratcher-Rasmus, Galen Dickey-Laprocido, Jeannine Rios","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.62","url":null,"abstract":"Hispanic American women face high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Cultural influences, language barriers, and lifestyle habits are major influences on health outcomes for this demographic. The peer education model has been proven to decrease health disparities for Hispanic communities overall, and increase effectiveness of health programs. As prevention education becomes more mainstream however, it is important to develop programs grounded in theory. The Social Cognitive Theory offers a theoretical framework for diabetes peer education programs geared to Hispanic American women, with its core constructs of personal cognitive, socioenvironmental, and behavior factors interacting in a way known as reciprocal determinism.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45630229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghadah Alshuwaiyer, E. L. Taylor, Paul Branscum, Craig W. Hofford, H. Crowson, A. Knehans
This pilot study in a small group of individuals (n=21) examined the effect of walking intervention among inactive adults (age=40-64 years) with dyslipidemia. Participants were randomly assigned to a Walking-Plus (WP) or Walking-Only (WO) group. Groups engaged in walking (30 to 60 min/day; 50-60% of HRmax) and were encouraged to accumulate 10,000 steps/day. WP group interrupted sedentary time every 30 minutes for ≥2 minutes. HDL-C improved over time [F (2,26)=6.273, p=0.006] and a significant between group effect was observed [F (1, 13)=9.39, p=0.009]. LDL-C [F (2,24)=3.63,p=0.042] and total cholesterol [F (2,26)=3.636, p=0.041] levels increased over time. Future plans include adding dietary plans and having larger sample sizes.
{"title":"The Effect of a 12-week Walking Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease Risks Among Individuals with Dyslipidemia","authors":"Ghadah Alshuwaiyer, E. L. Taylor, Paul Branscum, Craig W. Hofford, H. Crowson, A. Knehans","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.58","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot study in a small group of individuals (n=21) examined the effect of walking intervention among inactive adults (age=40-64 years) with dyslipidemia. Participants were randomly assigned to a Walking-Plus (WP) or Walking-Only (WO) group. Groups engaged in walking (30 to 60 min/day; 50-60% of HRmax) and were encouraged to accumulate 10,000 steps/day. WP group interrupted sedentary time every 30 minutes for ≥2 minutes. HDL-C improved over time [F (2,26)=6.273, p=0.006] and a significant between group effect was observed [F (1, 13)=9.39, p=0.009]. LDL-C [F (2,24)=3.63,p=0.042] and total cholesterol [F (2,26)=3.636, p=0.041] levels increased over time. Future plans include adding dietary plans and having larger sample sizes.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca A. Vidourek, Keith A King, A. Merianos, M. Burbage, O. Oluwoye
Marijuana use is a prevalent behavior among college students. As marijuana is legalized in some US states, student attitudes towards marijuana use may be changing towards use and legalization. The purpose of the present study is to examine the extent of marijuana use among college students and investigate student attitudes towards use legalization. A questionnaire was developed by the research team to measure study aims. Students completed the questionnaire in classrooms. A total of 291 students completed the survey. Results indicated that greater than half (55.7%) smoked marijuana in their lifetime. Almost half (42.1%) of students agreed or strongly agreed that marijuana should be legal. Differences in attitudes toward use and legalization were found based on lifetime marijuana use. Based on study find-ings, a high percentage of students used marijuana. College health professionals may benefit from study findings as results can be used in prevention and intervention efforts.
{"title":"Marijuana use among college students and attitudes towards legalization","authors":"Rebecca A. Vidourek, Keith A King, A. Merianos, M. Burbage, O. Oluwoye","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.61","url":null,"abstract":"Marijuana use is a prevalent behavior among college students. As marijuana is legalized in some US states, student attitudes towards marijuana use may be changing towards use and legalization. The purpose of the present study is to examine the extent of marijuana use among college students and investigate student attitudes towards use legalization. A questionnaire was developed by the research team to measure study aims. Students completed the questionnaire in classrooms. A total of 291 students completed the survey. Results indicated that greater than half (55.7%) smoked marijuana in their lifetime. Almost half (42.1%) of students agreed or strongly agreed that marijuana should be legal. Differences in attitudes toward use and legalization were found based on lifetime marijuana use. Based on study find-ings, a high percentage of students used marijuana. College health professionals may benefit from study findings as results can be used in prevention and intervention efforts.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45842029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Younge, Bruce H. Wade, Angelica Geter, R. Holliday, C. Trawick
The increased sexually transmitted infection incidence rate for people aged 25 and younger dis-proportionately high, particularly among young African Americans. The purpose of this study was to exam-ine condom use and attitudes over a three-year period among first year college men attending a HistoricallyBlack College/University. A total of 1,117 first year men participated in the study. Condom use at lastsexual encounter was positively related to positive condom attitudes and having gotten someone pregnantwas negatively related to positive condom attitudes during years one and two. Our findings support theneed for the development of effective interventions.
{"title":"Condom Attitudes and Condom Use Among First Year College Men Attending A Historically Black Institution","authors":"S. Younge, Bruce H. Wade, Angelica Geter, R. Holliday, C. Trawick","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.59","url":null,"abstract":"The increased sexually transmitted infection incidence rate for people aged 25 and younger dis-proportionately high, particularly among young African Americans. The purpose of this study was to exam-ine condom use and attitudes over a three-year period among first year college men attending a HistoricallyBlack College/University. A total of 1,117 first year men participated in the study. Condom use at lastsexual encounter was positively related to positive condom attitudes and having gotten someone pregnantwas negatively related to positive condom attitudes during years one and two. Our findings support theneed for the development of effective interventions.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45965164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical inactivity increases the prevalence of diseases. A significant decline is noted among female collegestudents. This study identified factors that could be used to develop campus-wide physical activity (PA) initiativesto promote better health. Participants were diverse female students (N = 233, that completed an on-line PA sur-vey. Logistic regression analysis with post-hoc pair-wise t-test comparisons revealed significant differences betweenracial/ethnic groups regarding moderate and vigorous PA. College represents a major transition period for youngadults, and colleges and universities could promote more PA among female students, leading to better health wellbeyond graduation.
{"title":"Promoting Physical Activity Among Female College Students: Identifying Possible Racial Differences","authors":"Wanda M Williams, D. Sienko, J. Chittams","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2018.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2018.66","url":null,"abstract":"Physical inactivity increases the prevalence of diseases. A significant decline is noted among female collegestudents. This study identified factors that could be used to develop campus-wide physical activity (PA) initiativesto promote better health. Participants were diverse female students (N = 233, that completed an on-line PA sur-vey. Logistic regression analysis with post-hoc pair-wise t-test comparisons revealed significant differences betweenracial/ethnic groups regarding moderate and vigorous PA. College represents a major transition period for youngadults, and colleges and universities could promote more PA among female students, leading to better health wellbeyond graduation.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44926450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alcohol remains the most frequently abused substance among college athletes. Athletes experience a unique set of social influences on college campuses that range from intrapersonal beliefs to governing policies that can effect behaviors. A social ecological framework was used to examine the influences on reported alcohol use among a sample (n=106) of Division III athletes. Participants were surveyed regarding reported drinking habits and social ecological influences. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze which levels of the social ecological framework predicted a greater number of drinks consumed in one sitting. The full model was significant (R2=0.559, F(15,105)=7.600, p<0.001). Intrapersonal, interpersonal and institutional/organizational influences significantly added to the model.Prevention programs targeting multiple influences are important to reduce risky alcohol use among DIII athletes.
{"title":"Social Ecological Examination of Alcohol Use Among Division III Athletes","authors":"D. Fetherman, J. Bachman","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.139","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol remains the most frequently abused substance among college athletes. Athletes experience a unique set of social influences on college campuses that range from intrapersonal beliefs to governing policies that can effect behaviors. A social ecological framework was used to examine the influences on reported alcohol use among a sample (n=106) of Division III athletes. Participants were surveyed regarding reported drinking habits and social ecological influences. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze which levels of the social ecological framework predicted a greater number of drinks consumed in one sitting. The full model was significant (R2=0.559, F(15,105)=7.600, p<0.001). Intrapersonal, interpersonal and institutional/organizational influences significantly added to the model.Prevention programs targeting multiple influences are important to reduce risky alcohol use among DIII athletes.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41986126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Few studies have been conducted to explore how individuals objectively attempt to retrieve health information using some type of observational method. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically describe and summarize studies employing a direct observational method, and/or video/audio recording program, to examine how individuals actively search for online health information. Eleven articles were found to be acceptable. Overall, studies contained fairly small sample sizes, used mostly college students, and no study explicitly recruited any racial or minority groups. Implications for future research and practice is discussed.
{"title":"Direct Observation of Searching for Online Health Information: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence","authors":"Paul Branscum, L. Hayes, L. Wallace","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.154","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have been conducted to explore how individuals objectively attempt to retrieve health information using some type of observational method. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to systematically describe and summarize studies employing a direct observational method, and/or video/audio recording program, to examine how individuals actively search for online health information. Eleven articles were found to be acceptable. Overall, studies contained fairly small sample sizes, used mostly college students, and no study explicitly recruited any racial or minority groups. Implications for future research and practice is discussed.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47107352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Odum, Jeff M. Housman, Ronald Williams, James Bishop, Sheri L Burson
Multiple socio-ecological levels of influences are acknowledged for adolescent fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, but consensus is lacking regarding the strength of predictors. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the relative influence of individual-, interpersonal-, and environmental-level variables on adolescent FV consumption among a nationally representative sample (n=1737). Individual-level factors were the strongest predictors: self-efficacy was strongest for fruit (Wald=17.702; p<0.001; OR=1.310) and vegetable consumption (Wald=25.267; p<.001; OR=1.381), while food preference was strongest for green salad consumption (Wald=80.362; p<.001; OR=1.590). Interpersonal and environmental-level factors, while still influential, had a smaller impact on adolescent FV consumption.
{"title":"Predicting U.S. Adolescent Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Which Socio-ecological Factors Matter?","authors":"Mary Odum, Jeff M. Housman, Ronald Williams, James Bishop, Sheri L Burson","doi":"10.47779/ajhs.2016.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47779/ajhs.2016.153","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple socio-ecological levels of influences are acknowledged for adolescent fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, but consensus is lacking regarding the strength of predictors. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the relative influence of individual-, interpersonal-, and environmental-level variables on adolescent FV consumption among a nationally representative sample (n=1737). Individual-level factors were the strongest predictors: self-efficacy was strongest for fruit (Wald=17.702; p<0.001; OR=1.310) and vegetable consumption (Wald=25.267; p<.001; OR=1.381), while food preference was strongest for green salad consumption (Wald=80.362; p<.001; OR=1.590). Interpersonal and environmental-level factors, while still influential, had a smaller impact on adolescent FV consumption.","PeriodicalId":88360,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70925052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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