Background: Female dancers are at risk of negative energy balance and its adverse effects. However, there is no evidence regarding the energy balance of Iranian female dancers in the literature. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 25 female nonprofessional dancers, dietary intake was assessed using self-reported food diaries and recall interviews on three different days: One dance day, one workday without dance, and one weekend day without dance. Nutrient intake was analyzed and converted into protein, carbohydrate, and fat components, and subsequently into energy equivalents. Total energy expenditure was calculated based on physical activity measurements taken on dance, work, and rest days. The average daily energy intake and expenditure over a 7-day period were then compared. Results: Significant daily energy deficiency was observed based on the average over 7 days (- 772.7 kcal +/- 450 kcal, P-value < 0.05). Dancers consumed less protein and carbohydrates and more fat than the recommended daily values (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: It appears that Iranian female dancers suffer from negative energy balance and nutritional malpractice. This may be related to underlying eating disorders or perceptions of body image, as well as inadequate nutritional knowledge. Consulting experienced sports nutritionists and other necessary specialists is recommended.
{"title":"Do Iranian Female Dancers Face a Risk of Chronic Negative Energy Balance? A Study on Energy Intake and Expenditure Among Non-professional Female Dancers","authors":"M. Hajian, Shahram Mohaghegh","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-139119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-139119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Female dancers are at risk of negative energy balance and its adverse effects. However, there is no evidence regarding the energy balance of Iranian female dancers in the literature. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 25 female nonprofessional dancers, dietary intake was assessed using self-reported food diaries and recall interviews on three different days: One dance day, one workday without dance, and one weekend day without dance. Nutrient intake was analyzed and converted into protein, carbohydrate, and fat components, and subsequently into energy equivalents. Total energy expenditure was calculated based on physical activity measurements taken on dance, work, and rest days. The average daily energy intake and expenditure over a 7-day period were then compared. Results: Significant daily energy deficiency was observed based on the average over 7 days (- 772.7 kcal +/- 450 kcal, P-value < 0.05). Dancers consumed less protein and carbohydrates and more fat than the recommended daily values (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: It appears that Iranian female dancers suffer from negative energy balance and nutritional malpractice. This may be related to underlying eating disorders or perceptions of body image, as well as inadequate nutritional knowledge. Consulting experienced sports nutritionists and other necessary specialists is recommended.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"31 S109","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ginta Siahaan, Eko Widodo, Dini Lestrina, Riris Oppusunggu
Background: High-intensity soccer activities due to overtraining can cause the emergence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in an imbalance of free radicals in the form of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous antioxidants in the form of superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a result, it can interfere with the formation of hemoglobin (Hb) needed by an athlete to take in oxygen (VO2max). Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of giving a healthy drink Mar’ke Bilar on MDA, SOD, and Hb levels in soccer athletes at PPLP North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: This type of research is quasi-experimental with a one-group pre- and post-test design. The population and research samples amounted to 33 soccer athletes at PPLP North Sumatra. The administration of Mar’ke Bilar as much as 200 ml was carried out for 14 days, and then MDA, SOD, and Hb levels were measured before and after. A normality test was conducted with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, followed by a different test using a paired t-test. Results: Malondialdehyde levels decreased from 17.5 to 10.9 µmol/L. There was an increase in SOD from 45.945 to 53.256 pg/mL. However, the results of Hb also showed an increase from 14.3 to 15.1 gr/dL. There was a significant effect on levels of MDA (P = 0.001), SOD (P = 0.001), and Hb (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Mar’ke Bilar healthy drink consumption has an effect on reduced MDA levels and increased SOD and Hb.
{"title":"Impact of Mar’ke Bilar Healthy Drink on Blood Levels of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and Hemoglobin in Soccer Athletes at PPLP North Sumatra","authors":"Ginta Siahaan, Eko Widodo, Dini Lestrina, Riris Oppusunggu","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-138106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-138106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High-intensity soccer activities due to overtraining can cause the emergence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in an imbalance of free radicals in the form of malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous antioxidants in the form of superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a result, it can interfere with the formation of hemoglobin (Hb) needed by an athlete to take in oxygen (VO2max). Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effect of giving a healthy drink Mar’ke Bilar on MDA, SOD, and Hb levels in soccer athletes at PPLP North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: This type of research is quasi-experimental with a one-group pre- and post-test design. The population and research samples amounted to 33 soccer athletes at PPLP North Sumatra. The administration of Mar’ke Bilar as much as 200 ml was carried out for 14 days, and then MDA, SOD, and Hb levels were measured before and after. A normality test was conducted with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, followed by a different test using a paired t-test. Results: Malondialdehyde levels decreased from 17.5 to 10.9 µmol/L. There was an increase in SOD from 45.945 to 53.256 pg/mL. However, the results of Hb also showed an increase from 14.3 to 15.1 gr/dL. There was a significant effect on levels of MDA (P = 0.001), SOD (P = 0.001), and Hb (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Mar’ke Bilar healthy drink consumption has an effect on reduced MDA levels and increased SOD and Hb.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"247 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fujibayashi, S. Nirengi, Tomohiro Segawa, Sachiko Furuno, N. Sakane
Background: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been shown to help maintain muscle function and reduce muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the relationship between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in rugby players remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the connection between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in university rugby players. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving university rugby players and age-matched sedentary controls. We assessed diets, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, using self-administered dietary questionnaires. Whole blood lipidomics was performed before and after a single training session. Results: The rugby group (n = 29) had significantly higher intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids compared to the control group (n = 31). While the blood omega-6 relative concentration did not differ between the groups, the rugby group had lower omega-3 fatty acid levels than the control group (4.4 ± 1.1 vs. 6.2 ± 1.8%). Approximately 48% of rugby players had an omega-3 index (O3i) considered as high risk for cardiovascular disease, and 52% were classified as intermediate risk. None of the players had a low-risk O3i. A single training session had an impact on the omega-3 and omega-6 metabolic pathways. Conclusions: Despite having a higher omega-3 fatty acid intake than controls, rugby football players may still be deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Further nutritional interventions are needed to address these issues.
{"title":"Dietary and Biological Assessment of Omega-3 Status in University Rugby Football Players: A Case-Control Study","authors":"M. Fujibayashi, S. Nirengi, Tomohiro Segawa, Sachiko Furuno, N. Sakane","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134931","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been shown to help maintain muscle function and reduce muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the relationship between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in rugby players remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the connection between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in university rugby players. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving university rugby players and age-matched sedentary controls. We assessed diets, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, using self-administered dietary questionnaires. Whole blood lipidomics was performed before and after a single training session. Results: The rugby group (n = 29) had significantly higher intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids compared to the control group (n = 31). While the blood omega-6 relative concentration did not differ between the groups, the rugby group had lower omega-3 fatty acid levels than the control group (4.4 ± 1.1 vs. 6.2 ± 1.8%). Approximately 48% of rugby players had an omega-3 index (O3i) considered as high risk for cardiovascular disease, and 52% were classified as intermediate risk. None of the players had a low-risk O3i. A single training session had an impact on the omega-3 and omega-6 metabolic pathways. Conclusions: Despite having a higher omega-3 fatty acid intake than controls, rugby football players may still be deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Further nutritional interventions are needed to address these issues.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"12 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fujibayashi, S. Nirengi, Tomohiro Segawa, Sachiko Furuno, N. Sakane
Background: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been shown to help maintain muscle function and reduce muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the relationship between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in rugby players remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the connection between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in university rugby players. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving university rugby players and age-matched sedentary controls. We assessed diets, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, using self-administered dietary questionnaires. Whole blood lipidomics was performed before and after a single training session. Results: The rugby group (n = 29) had significantly higher intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids compared to the control group (n = 31). While the blood omega-6 relative concentration did not differ between the groups, the rugby group had lower omega-3 fatty acid levels than the control group (4.4 ± 1.1 vs. 6.2 ± 1.8%). Approximately 48% of rugby players had an omega-3 index (O3i) considered as high risk for cardiovascular disease, and 52% were classified as intermediate risk. None of the players had a low-risk O3i. A single training session had an impact on the omega-3 and omega-6 metabolic pathways. Conclusions: Despite having a higher omega-3 fatty acid intake than controls, rugby football players may still be deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Further nutritional interventions are needed to address these issues.
{"title":"Dietary and Biological Assessment of Omega-3 Status in University Rugby Football Players: A Case-Control Study","authors":"M. Fujibayashi, S. Nirengi, Tomohiro Segawa, Sachiko Furuno, N. Sakane","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134931","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been shown to help maintain muscle function and reduce muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the relationship between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in rugby players remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the connection between the dietary and biological status of omega-3 fatty acids in university rugby players. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving university rugby players and age-matched sedentary controls. We assessed diets, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, using self-administered dietary questionnaires. Whole blood lipidomics was performed before and after a single training session. Results: The rugby group (n = 29) had significantly higher intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids compared to the control group (n = 31). While the blood omega-6 relative concentration did not differ between the groups, the rugby group had lower omega-3 fatty acid levels than the control group (4.4 ± 1.1 vs. 6.2 ± 1.8%). Approximately 48% of rugby players had an omega-3 index (O3i) considered as high risk for cardiovascular disease, and 52% were classified as intermediate risk. None of the players had a low-risk O3i. A single training session had an impact on the omega-3 and omega-6 metabolic pathways. Conclusions: Despite having a higher omega-3 fatty acid intake than controls, rugby football players may still be deficient in omega-3 fatty acids. Further nutritional interventions are needed to address these issues.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esrafil Faraji, K. Azizbeigi, Khalid Mohamadzadeh Salamat, Z. Etemad
Background: In diabetic patients, lipid profile (LP) management is crucial. Quercetin (QUE), as an antioxidant supplement, has received a great deal of attention in improving the LP. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and QUE on LP in male diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to healthy control (HC; n = 10), diabetic control (DC; n = 10), high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 10), quercetin supplement (QS; n = 10), high-intensity interval training and quercetin (HIIQ; n = 10). QUE was given (20 mg/kg/d) to the animals daily for six weeks. HIIT has performed five sessions per week for six weeks in 8-10 sets with 85 - 65% of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) on the treadmill. Blood samples were taken directly from the animal’s heart 48 hours after the last training session, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) cholesterol (CHOL), and fasting blood glucose (FBS) were measured in the serum. To analyze the data, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used. Results: There was no significant difference between HIIQ with HIIT, QS in LDH-C and LDL-C (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was seen between HIIT, QS, and HIIQ in TG concentration after intervention (P > 0.05). CHOL was significantly lower in HIIT than QS (P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the HIIQ with QS (P > 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between QS and HIIQ in FBS (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that high-intensity interval training and quercetin alone can be effective in improving lipid profile. However, quercetin does not have a synergetic effect with high-intensity interval training in ameliorating lipid profile in diabetic male rats.
{"title":"Quercetin Supplementation has no Synergetic Effect with High-Intensity Interval Training in Ameliorate Lipid Profile in Male Diabetic Rats","authors":"Esrafil Faraji, K. Azizbeigi, Khalid Mohamadzadeh Salamat, Z. Etemad","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-136864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-136864","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In diabetic patients, lipid profile (LP) management is crucial. Quercetin (QUE), as an antioxidant supplement, has received a great deal of attention in improving the LP. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and QUE on LP in male diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to healthy control (HC; n = 10), diabetic control (DC; n = 10), high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 10), quercetin supplement (QS; n = 10), high-intensity interval training and quercetin (HIIQ; n = 10). QUE was given (20 mg/kg/d) to the animals daily for six weeks. HIIT has performed five sessions per week for six weeks in 8-10 sets with 85 - 65% of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) on the treadmill. Blood samples were taken directly from the animal’s heart 48 hours after the last training session, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) cholesterol (CHOL), and fasting blood glucose (FBS) were measured in the serum. To analyze the data, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used. Results: There was no significant difference between HIIQ with HIIT, QS in LDH-C and LDL-C (P > 0.05). Also, no significant difference was seen between HIIT, QS, and HIIQ in TG concentration after intervention (P > 0.05). CHOL was significantly lower in HIIT than QS (P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the HIIQ with QS (P > 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between QS and HIIQ in FBS (P > 0.05). Conclusions: It seems that high-intensity interval training and quercetin alone can be effective in improving lipid profile. However, quercetin does not have a synergetic effect with high-intensity interval training in ameliorating lipid profile in diabetic male rats.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Sobhani, H. Shirvani, Hossein Mehrabian, Seyed ebrahim Hashemi
Background: The most common musculoskeletal disorder among military personnel, especially office workers, is chronic low back pain due to lumbar disc herniation. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected motor control retraining exercises after conventional treatments on the persistence of changes in pain, functional disability, and range of motion in male military personnel with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: Military personnel with lumbar disc herniation were divided into two groups of intervention (N = 18) and control (N = 18) after 10 sessions of conventional exercises. The intervention group performed 60 minutes of motor control retraining exercises three times a week for eight weeks, while the control group continued the usual stretching for back pain. Results: The average scores of pain intensity, functional disability, and range of motion after conventional and selected motor control retraining exercises showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Motor control retraining exercises after conventional treatments can improve pain, functional disability, and range of motion in male military personnel with chronic back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. This technique may improve the quality of life and function for military personnel who are at high risk of this disorder. More research is needed to confirm these findings and examine the intervention's long-term effects. These physical exercises may be appropriate for treating people with similar symptoms.
{"title":"Effectiveness of selected Motor Control Retraining Exercises on Chronic Low Back Pain in Male Military Personnel with Lumbar Disc Herniation. A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"V. Sobhani, H. Shirvani, Hossein Mehrabian, Seyed ebrahim Hashemi","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-137883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-137883","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The most common musculoskeletal disorder among military personnel, especially office workers, is chronic low back pain due to lumbar disc herniation. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of selected motor control retraining exercises after conventional treatments on the persistence of changes in pain, functional disability, and range of motion in male military personnel with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: Military personnel with lumbar disc herniation were divided into two groups of intervention (N = 18) and control (N = 18) after 10 sessions of conventional exercises. The intervention group performed 60 minutes of motor control retraining exercises three times a week for eight weeks, while the control group continued the usual stretching for back pain. Results: The average scores of pain intensity, functional disability, and range of motion after conventional and selected motor control retraining exercises showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Motor control retraining exercises after conventional treatments can improve pain, functional disability, and range of motion in male military personnel with chronic back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. This technique may improve the quality of life and function for military personnel who are at high risk of this disorder. More research is needed to confirm these findings and examine the intervention's long-term effects. These physical exercises may be appropriate for treating people with similar symptoms.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"6 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Vasilev, Nikolay Boaydjiev, Tanya Deneva, Desislava Arabadzhiyska, Marina Komrakova, K. Georgieva
Background: Non-steroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are currently a group of drug candidates with anabolic effects, tissue selectivity, and the potential to improve the therapeutic process in a number of socially significant diseases. There is insufficient data on their effects during exercise and on their adverse side effects. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the role of selective androgen receptor modulators for the physical working capacity of the body, hematological and biochemical parameters, and to evaluate any side effects of SARMs. We studied the effects of ostarine (S-22, MK-2866, GTx-024, Enobosarm) alone or in combination with submaximal training in sexually mature male Wistar rats. Methods: The rats used were divided into a treadmill-trained group and a sedentary group. Half of each group received either ostarine or vehicle for 8 weeks (n = 10 each). We performed functional tests and blood analysis at the end of the experiment to analyze clinical chemistry and hematological indicators. Results: Ostarine did not affect maximal sprint speed, VO2max, and running economy, while submaximal training increased these parameters. Ostarine increased total plasma cholesterol and energy expenditure and decreased plasma glucose concentration. Neither treatment changed the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, the respiratory quotient, the concentration of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, or creatine kinase. Combined treatment neutralized the negative effect of ostarine on plasma total cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Ostarine did not affect the examined hematological and physical working capacity parameters, but it changed some clinical chemistry indicators. Training improved the physical working capacity but did not affect the clinical chemistry and hematological parameters. Further research is needed to clarify other aspects of the influence of non-steroidal SARMs on the physical working capacity and possible side effects during long-term use, as their administration, along with physical activity, is becoming popular among healthy adult bodybuilders in gyms.
{"title":"Effects of Ostarine and Endurance Training on Some Functional, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats","authors":"V. Vasilev, Nikolay Boaydjiev, Tanya Deneva, Desislava Arabadzhiyska, Marina Komrakova, K. Georgieva","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-138116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-138116","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-steroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are currently a group of drug candidates with anabolic effects, tissue selectivity, and the potential to improve the therapeutic process in a number of socially significant diseases. There is insufficient data on their effects during exercise and on their adverse side effects. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the role of selective androgen receptor modulators for the physical working capacity of the body, hematological and biochemical parameters, and to evaluate any side effects of SARMs. We studied the effects of ostarine (S-22, MK-2866, GTx-024, Enobosarm) alone or in combination with submaximal training in sexually mature male Wistar rats. Methods: The rats used were divided into a treadmill-trained group and a sedentary group. Half of each group received either ostarine or vehicle for 8 weeks (n = 10 each). We performed functional tests and blood analysis at the end of the experiment to analyze clinical chemistry and hematological indicators. Results: Ostarine did not affect maximal sprint speed, VO2max, and running economy, while submaximal training increased these parameters. Ostarine increased total plasma cholesterol and energy expenditure and decreased plasma glucose concentration. Neither treatment changed the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, the respiratory quotient, the concentration of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, or creatine kinase. Combined treatment neutralized the negative effect of ostarine on plasma total cholesterol levels. Conclusions: Ostarine did not affect the examined hematological and physical working capacity parameters, but it changed some clinical chemistry indicators. Training improved the physical working capacity but did not affect the clinical chemistry and hematological parameters. Further research is needed to clarify other aspects of the influence of non-steroidal SARMs on the physical working capacity and possible side effects during long-term use, as their administration, along with physical activity, is becoming popular among healthy adult bodybuilders in gyms.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arash Khaledi, Behrooz Imeri, M. Gheitasi, Masoud Mirmoezzi
Background: Despite the many therapeutic benefits of swimming, there is still conflicting evidence about its benefits for bone health and osteoporosis prevention, especially in elite swimmers according to their sex. It is known that sex differences can affect the acquisition of minerals by the bone. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of swimmers with that of non-athletes (NA) and compare the corresponding values in male (MS) and female swimmers (FS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on young athletes (18 - 24 years old) of the Iranian national swimming team, who were training for at least 11 hours per week and NA. To this end, 56 swimmers (14 males, 14 females) and NA (14 males, 14 females) were enrolled in 4 groups. The DEXA device was used to assess BMD (g/cm2) and T-scores of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Results: All the swimmers had significantly higher BMD of the femur neck, trochanter, Ward’s triangle, and lumbar spine than NA (males/females) (P < .05). Also, the BMD of FS (except in trochanter and Ward’s triangle) was significantly higher than MS (P < .05). Finally, T-scores of FS in lumbar spine and femur neck areas were significantly higher than MS and NA (P < .05). Conclusions: Unexpectedly, BMD relatively improved by performing competitive swimming. Meanwhile, FS, especially in the femur neck, seemed more adaptable to swimming-related loads and BMD acquisition in comparison to MS. Further studies are needed to determine the definitive response to bone acquisition by sex, given the limitations of the present study.
{"title":"Comparing the Effects of Swimming Among Male and Female Elite Athletes on Bone Mineral Density Acquisition","authors":"Arash Khaledi, Behrooz Imeri, M. Gheitasi, Masoud Mirmoezzi","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-136942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-136942","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the many therapeutic benefits of swimming, there is still conflicting evidence about its benefits for bone health and osteoporosis prevention, especially in elite swimmers according to their sex. It is known that sex differences can affect the acquisition of minerals by the bone. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of swimmers with that of non-athletes (NA) and compare the corresponding values in male (MS) and female swimmers (FS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on young athletes (18 - 24 years old) of the Iranian national swimming team, who were training for at least 11 hours per week and NA. To this end, 56 swimmers (14 males, 14 females) and NA (14 males, 14 females) were enrolled in 4 groups. The DEXA device was used to assess BMD (g/cm2) and T-scores of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Results: All the swimmers had significantly higher BMD of the femur neck, trochanter, Ward’s triangle, and lumbar spine than NA (males/females) (P < .05). Also, the BMD of FS (except in trochanter and Ward’s triangle) was significantly higher than MS (P < .05). Finally, T-scores of FS in lumbar spine and femur neck areas were significantly higher than MS and NA (P < .05). Conclusions: Unexpectedly, BMD relatively improved by performing competitive swimming. Meanwhile, FS, especially in the femur neck, seemed more adaptable to swimming-related loads and BMD acquisition in comparison to MS. Further studies are needed to determine the definitive response to bone acquisition by sex, given the limitations of the present study.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Physical features, such as body balance and reaction time, can significantly influence the overall performance of Padel's professional athletes. Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to compare motor performance abilities before and after exhaustion in amateur padel athletes. Methods: A total of 32 padel amateur athletes participated in our study and performed Y balance test trials and a complex sensometric examination to measure their capabilities before and after exhaustion by the Bruce test. Results: Our results showed a significant change in both balance and reaction time before and after exhaustion (P < 0.05 for both parameters), indicating that fatigue had a negative effect on the motor performance of padel players. Cohen’s d was considered moderate (0.2 < d < 0.5) both for balance (d = 0.44) and reaction time (d = 0.41). Data suggested that amateur padel athletes struggled to maintain or improve their balance quality after long-term physical activity, showing the importance of high-intensity training for adapting the central nervous system. Reaction time is negatively affected by fatigue compared to resting reaction time due to the exhaustion effect of the muscle reception of central nervous system stimuli. Conclusions: Based on our results, focusing on body balance and reaction time training would help reduce the negative impact of fatigue, improve the effectiveness of technical abilities, increase the possibility of scoring during a competitive game, and prevent injuries. Coaches of amateur players should focus on improving the physical abilities of players and give more importance to fitness training in addition to padel training.
{"title":"Impact of Fatigue on the Balance and Reaction Time of Amateur Padel Athletes","authors":"A. Bourara, Z. Németh, J. Methnani, Marta Wilhelm","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-133550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-133550","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical features, such as body balance and reaction time, can significantly influence the overall performance of Padel's professional athletes. Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to compare motor performance abilities before and after exhaustion in amateur padel athletes. Methods: A total of 32 padel amateur athletes participated in our study and performed Y balance test trials and a complex sensometric examination to measure their capabilities before and after exhaustion by the Bruce test. Results: Our results showed a significant change in both balance and reaction time before and after exhaustion (P < 0.05 for both parameters), indicating that fatigue had a negative effect on the motor performance of padel players. Cohen’s d was considered moderate (0.2 < d < 0.5) both for balance (d = 0.44) and reaction time (d = 0.41). Data suggested that amateur padel athletes struggled to maintain or improve their balance quality after long-term physical activity, showing the importance of high-intensity training for adapting the central nervous system. Reaction time is negatively affected by fatigue compared to resting reaction time due to the exhaustion effect of the muscle reception of central nervous system stimuli. Conclusions: Based on our results, focusing on body balance and reaction time training would help reduce the negative impact of fatigue, improve the effectiveness of technical abilities, increase the possibility of scoring during a competitive game, and prevent injuries. Coaches of amateur players should focus on improving the physical abilities of players and give more importance to fitness training in addition to padel training.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pain is a relevant clinical symptom to ask for medical management. Since pain is a subjective sensation, its intensity is difficult to precisely assess. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) can be a potential parameter to evaluate the pain-relieving effect of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Methods: Athletes with lower limb musculoskeletal injuries were voluntarily included in the study. The Pain pressure threshold (PPT) was measured before TENS, immediately after the intervention, and 24 hours after the treatment. Heart rate variability was also determined from electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring throughout the intervention. Results: The HRV of 25 participants revealed that 30 minutes of low-frequency electrical stimulation immediately increased PPT (before = 2.67 ± 0.79; after = 2.92 ± 0.90, P = 0.011). Thirteen participants had more than a 10% increase in PPT after the intervention; nevertheless, three participants had a decrease in PPT. The PPT was returned to the baseline 24 hours after the intervention. Electrocardiography demonstrated that only the frequency domain of low frequency-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio was significantly increased after the intervention (before = 1.454 ± 0.739; after = 1.922 ± 1.378; P = 0.035) but not time-domain HRV. Time-domain HRV significantly decreased during the intervention before returning to the baseline. The correlation between the change in PPT is mostly correlated with LF/HF. Conclusions: Heart rate variability revealed the potential change in sympathovagal balance toward the sympathetic domain during low-frequency TENS intervention. The frequency-domain LF/HF ratio was the most sensitive parameter to be affected by pain.
{"title":"Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Low-Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Athletes with Acute Musculoskeletal Injury","authors":"Jintana Bootkunha, Pathaveena Kaewjaeng, Tepmanas Bupha-Intr","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-138904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-138904","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain is a relevant clinical symptom to ask for medical management. Since pain is a subjective sensation, its intensity is difficult to precisely assess. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine whether heart rate variability (HRV) can be a potential parameter to evaluate the pain-relieving effect of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Methods: Athletes with lower limb musculoskeletal injuries were voluntarily included in the study. The Pain pressure threshold (PPT) was measured before TENS, immediately after the intervention, and 24 hours after the treatment. Heart rate variability was also determined from electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring throughout the intervention. Results: The HRV of 25 participants revealed that 30 minutes of low-frequency electrical stimulation immediately increased PPT (before = 2.67 ± 0.79; after = 2.92 ± 0.90, P = 0.011). Thirteen participants had more than a 10% increase in PPT after the intervention; nevertheless, three participants had a decrease in PPT. The PPT was returned to the baseline 24 hours after the intervention. Electrocardiography demonstrated that only the frequency domain of low frequency-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio was significantly increased after the intervention (before = 1.454 ± 0.739; after = 1.922 ± 1.378; P = 0.035) but not time-domain HRV. Time-domain HRV significantly decreased during the intervention before returning to the baseline. The correlation between the change in PPT is mostly correlated with LF/HF. Conclusions: Heart rate variability revealed the potential change in sympathovagal balance toward the sympathetic domain during low-frequency TENS intervention. The frequency-domain LF/HF ratio was the most sensitive parameter to be affected by pain.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：