Context: Aging is associated with extensive changes in physiological and biomechanical factors, such as reduction of muscle function. Identifying and controlling the negative effects caused by these changes can help improve the quality of life of the elderly and reduce treatment costs. The objective of this research is to investigate the biomechanical changes of gates among elderly people. Methods: All full-text articles with the keywords including elderly and walking, gait, aging, and geriatrics were considered. Data collection was done using a "Data Extraction Form" which was designed based on the purpose of the research. Articles were searched in reliable databases such as Mendeley PubMed, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar SpringerLink, and SID by searching keywords. At first, 1985 articles regarding biomechanical parameters of walking were found. Finally, 12 articles were directly related to the topic. Results: The results of our studies showed that changes would occur in both kinetics and walking kinematics in old age due to the lack of neuromuscular and skeletal capacity and weakness in aspects of balance, coordination, and posture control. The elderly tend to perform compensatory strategies and altered movement patterns in gait, which lead to some changes in kinematic and kinetic characteristics. Conclusions: Prevention, reduction, and treatment of movement disorders require timely diagnosis. Therefore, researches in the area of walking the elderly and assessing their risk of falling, and understanding how much age-related decline can be tolerated before creating movement restrictions are key factors.
{"title":"Biomechanics of Gait in the Elderly: A Literature Review","authors":"Somayeh Mehrlatifan, A. Fatahi, Davood Khezri","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-135663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-135663","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Aging is associated with extensive changes in physiological and biomechanical factors, such as reduction of muscle function. Identifying and controlling the negative effects caused by these changes can help improve the quality of life of the elderly and reduce treatment costs. The objective of this research is to investigate the biomechanical changes of gates among elderly people. Methods: All full-text articles with the keywords including elderly and walking, gait, aging, and geriatrics were considered. Data collection was done using a \"Data Extraction Form\" which was designed based on the purpose of the research. Articles were searched in reliable databases such as Mendeley PubMed, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar SpringerLink, and SID by searching keywords. At first, 1985 articles regarding biomechanical parameters of walking were found. Finally, 12 articles were directly related to the topic. Results: The results of our studies showed that changes would occur in both kinetics and walking kinematics in old age due to the lack of neuromuscular and skeletal capacity and weakness in aspects of balance, coordination, and posture control. The elderly tend to perform compensatory strategies and altered movement patterns in gait, which lead to some changes in kinematic and kinetic characteristics. Conclusions: Prevention, reduction, and treatment of movement disorders require timely diagnosis. Therefore, researches in the area of walking the elderly and assessing their risk of falling, and understanding how much age-related decline can be tolerated before creating movement restrictions are key factors.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Jamadi, Forough Darkhor, A. Seyyed, S. Ghasemian, M. Gholami-Ahangaran
Background: Electromagnetic radiation has different effects on body organs, including gonads and fertility. Information about the harmful impacts of Wi-Fi radiation on the oxidant-antioxidant system of ovarian tissue is limited. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of eight weeks of aerobic exercise along with garlic supplements on the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and sex hormones in the ovarian tissue of rats under Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 Sprague Dawley female rats aged about 8 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, Wi-Fi radiation, aerobic exercise + Wi-Fi radiation, garlic supplement + Wi-Fi radiation, and aerobic exercise + garlic supplement + Wi-Fi radiation. Wi-Fi radiation was induced 1 h/day at a frequency of 2.45 GHz from a Wi-Fi modem. Endurance exercise was performed as three 60-minute sessions per week for 8 weeks with 50%-60% maximum running speed. Garlic supplement was given to rats for 8 weeks in drinking water at the dose of 800 mg/kg daily. Results: The results of this study showed that Wi-Fi radiation led to a decrease in the SOD and GPx levels, as well as an increase in the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and MDA levels in rats (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, garlic supplements diminished the FSH and MDA concentrations, as well as elevated the SOD levels in rats under Wi-Fi radiation. It was observed that aerobic exercise caused a decline in the FSH and MDA levels and a rise in the luteinizing hormone and SOD of the rats under Wi-Fi radiation. Furthermore, aerobic exercise along with garlic supplements reduced the FSH levels and augmented the SOD and GPx concentrations in rats under Wi-Fi radiation (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, aerobic exercise and garlic supplements both have lowering effects on oxidative stress and synergistically increase antioxidants. In addition, aerobic exercise and garlic supplements alone improve the sex hormones of rats exposed to Wi-Fi radiation.
{"title":"Effects of Aerobic Exercise Along with Garlic Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Sex Hormones in the Ovarian Tissue of Rats Under Wi-Fi Electromagnetic Radiation","authors":"Maryam Jamadi, Forough Darkhor, A. Seyyed, S. Ghasemian, M. Gholami-Ahangaran","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Electromagnetic radiation has different effects on body organs, including gonads and fertility. Information about the harmful impacts of Wi-Fi radiation on the oxidant-antioxidant system of ovarian tissue is limited. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of eight weeks of aerobic exercise along with garlic supplements on the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and sex hormones in the ovarian tissue of rats under Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 Sprague Dawley female rats aged about 8 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, Wi-Fi radiation, aerobic exercise + Wi-Fi radiation, garlic supplement + Wi-Fi radiation, and aerobic exercise + garlic supplement + Wi-Fi radiation. Wi-Fi radiation was induced 1 h/day at a frequency of 2.45 GHz from a Wi-Fi modem. Endurance exercise was performed as three 60-minute sessions per week for 8 weeks with 50%-60% maximum running speed. Garlic supplement was given to rats for 8 weeks in drinking water at the dose of 800 mg/kg daily. Results: The results of this study showed that Wi-Fi radiation led to a decrease in the SOD and GPx levels, as well as an increase in the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and MDA levels in rats (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, garlic supplements diminished the FSH and MDA concentrations, as well as elevated the SOD levels in rats under Wi-Fi radiation. It was observed that aerobic exercise caused a decline in the FSH and MDA levels and a rise in the luteinizing hormone and SOD of the rats under Wi-Fi radiation. Furthermore, aerobic exercise along with garlic supplements reduced the FSH levels and augmented the SOD and GPx concentrations in rats under Wi-Fi radiation (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, aerobic exercise and garlic supplements both have lowering effects on oxidative stress and synergistically increase antioxidants. In addition, aerobic exercise and garlic supplements alone improve the sex hormones of rats exposed to Wi-Fi radiation.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43211057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Songsorn, Pannita Khantakas, Phornchanok Penpitakbut, Runyapon Ratsameamonrat, Patcharaphorn Patavee
Background: Increased arterial stiffness (AS) following exercise may be associated with acute cardiovascular events. High-intensity exercise may play an important role in an acute increase in AS after exercise. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the acute effect of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training exercise (REHIT) on AS among individuals with insufficient physical activity compared with that among normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals. Methods: Twenty-four young adults with low physical activity were divided into the normal-weight group (n = 12, age 21.92 ± 0.79 years, body mass index (BMI) 20.97 ± 1.21 kg/m2) and the overweight/obese group (n = 12, age 22.00 ± 0.00 years, BMI 27.06 ± 5.24 kg/m2). All participants performed REHIT (20 s × 2 all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer for 10 min). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affect responses were assessed before and after exercise for 1, 30, and 60 min. Results: Following REHIT, the HR increased, and baPWV decreased, which then returned to baseline at 60 min in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the HR and baPWV between the normal-weight and overweight/obese groups (P > 0.05). The RPE increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the affect responses following REHIT (P > 0.05) in both groups. Conclusions: Our main finding was that baPWV did not increase after REHIT in either the normal-weight or overweight/obese groups. This suggests that REHIT can safely be done in physically inactive individuals, both in normal-weight and overweight/obese groups, with no adverse increase in arterial stiffness.
{"title":"Acute Effects of Reduced-Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training (REHIT) on Arterial Stiffness in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Individuals","authors":"P. Songsorn, Pannita Khantakas, Phornchanok Penpitakbut, Runyapon Ratsameamonrat, Patcharaphorn Patavee","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-131764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-131764","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased arterial stiffness (AS) following exercise may be associated with acute cardiovascular events. High-intensity exercise may play an important role in an acute increase in AS after exercise. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the acute effect of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training exercise (REHIT) on AS among individuals with insufficient physical activity compared with that among normal-weight and overweight/obese individuals. Methods: Twenty-four young adults with low physical activity were divided into the normal-weight group (n = 12, age 21.92 ± 0.79 years, body mass index (BMI) 20.97 ± 1.21 kg/m2) and the overweight/obese group (n = 12, age 22.00 ± 0.00 years, BMI 27.06 ± 5.24 kg/m2). All participants performed REHIT (20 s × 2 all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer for 10 min). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affect responses were assessed before and after exercise for 1, 30, and 60 min. Results: Following REHIT, the HR increased, and baPWV decreased, which then returned to baseline at 60 min in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the HR and baPWV between the normal-weight and overweight/obese groups (P > 0.05). The RPE increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the affect responses following REHIT (P > 0.05) in both groups. Conclusions: Our main finding was that baPWV did not increase after REHIT in either the normal-weight or overweight/obese groups. This suggests that REHIT can safely be done in physically inactive individuals, both in normal-weight and overweight/obese groups, with no adverse increase in arterial stiffness.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takeru Kato, Kiho Kondo, Kae Sugino, T. Yamashita, Y. Umemura
Background: Exercises performed at home and not requiring a change of clothes or special equipment are easy to start and can be continued long-term. To prevent COVID-19 infection, people worldwide have refrained from leaving their homes unnecessarily since the beginning of 2020. Fewer opportunities for outdoor exercise and less time spent in the sunlight can have serious negative effects on the bones. Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of low-repetition leg-raise training on the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the lumbar spine. Methods: Eighteen healthy female university students performed leg-raise training at home, ten repetitions per day, three days per week, for six months. BMC and BMD (g/cm²) of the right proximal femur and lumbar spine (L2–L4, anteroposterior view) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: This low-repetition, low-frequency leg-raise training significantly increased lumbar spine BMC and BMD in these young women. However, there was no significant effect of exercise on the BMC or BMD at any proximal femur site. Conclusions: Home-based body weight leg-raise training may have effective mechanical stress to maintain or increase BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine.
{"title":"Leg-raise Exercise is Effective for Maintaining Bone Mineral Content and Density in the Lumbar Spine of Young Women","authors":"Takeru Kato, Kiho Kondo, Kae Sugino, T. Yamashita, Y. Umemura","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-129645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-129645","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exercises performed at home and not requiring a change of clothes or special equipment are easy to start and can be continued long-term. To prevent COVID-19 infection, people worldwide have refrained from leaving their homes unnecessarily since the beginning of 2020. Fewer opportunities for outdoor exercise and less time spent in the sunlight can have serious negative effects on the bones. Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of low-repetition leg-raise training on the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of the lumbar spine. Methods: Eighteen healthy female university students performed leg-raise training at home, ten repetitions per day, three days per week, for six months. BMC and BMD (g/cm²) of the right proximal femur and lumbar spine (L2–L4, anteroposterior view) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: This low-repetition, low-frequency leg-raise training significantly increased lumbar spine BMC and BMD in these young women. However, there was no significant effect of exercise on the BMC or BMD at any proximal femur site. Conclusions: Home-based body weight leg-raise training may have effective mechanical stress to maintain or increase BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mostafa Koohkan, Majid Vahidian-Rezazadeh, R. Delavar
Background: Muscle damage during continuous and intensive sports activities is common; therefore, experts in the field of sports medicine pay special attention to this issue. Objectives: We investigated the short-term effect of high-dose vitamin C and E supplements on serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin in elite athletes of the Sanda field. Methods: This research was a parallel single-blind randomized study design in which elite Sanda athletes were matched based on weight and randomly assigned to the vitamin C + E supplement (n = 10) and placebo groups (n = 10). Subjects took vitamin C (1400 U per day) and vitamin E (2000 U per day) supplements for 4 days (3 days before the competition and on the competition day). Blood sampling was done on the morning of the competition and 24 hours later (the following day) to measure serum levels of CK and myoglobin. Results: The serum CK level had a significant decrease in the supplement group (P = 0.001; mean ± SD: 237.2 ± 19.28), and myoglobin significantly increased (P = 0.001; mean ± SD, 41.1 ± 1.97) compared with the placebo group. Also, a paired sample t test showed that serum CK and myoglobin levels significantly decreased (P = 0.001; pretest, 307.7 ± 5.56; posttest, 237.2 ± 19.28) and increased (P = 0.005; pretest, 24.2 ± 2.7; posttest, 41.1 ± 1.97) in the supplement group, respectively, compared to the pretest values. However, no significant difference was observed in the placebo group. Conclusions: Short-term intake of high-dose vitamins C and E can facilitate recovery during competitive events such as Sanda. This claim can be defended based on the changes in CK and myoglobin in the blood serum of athletes.
{"title":"The Effect of Short-term Administration of High-dose Vitamins E and C on Serum Creatine Kinase and Myoglobin in the Resting Phase of Elite Sanda Athletes: A Randomized Trial","authors":"Mostafa Koohkan, Majid Vahidian-Rezazadeh, R. Delavar","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134047","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Muscle damage during continuous and intensive sports activities is common; therefore, experts in the field of sports medicine pay special attention to this issue. Objectives: We investigated the short-term effect of high-dose vitamin C and E supplements on serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin in elite athletes of the Sanda field. Methods: This research was a parallel single-blind randomized study design in which elite Sanda athletes were matched based on weight and randomly assigned to the vitamin C + E supplement (n = 10) and placebo groups (n = 10). Subjects took vitamin C (1400 U per day) and vitamin E (2000 U per day) supplements for 4 days (3 days before the competition and on the competition day). Blood sampling was done on the morning of the competition and 24 hours later (the following day) to measure serum levels of CK and myoglobin. Results: The serum CK level had a significant decrease in the supplement group (P = 0.001; mean ± SD: 237.2 ± 19.28), and myoglobin significantly increased (P = 0.001; mean ± SD, 41.1 ± 1.97) compared with the placebo group. Also, a paired sample t test showed that serum CK and myoglobin levels significantly decreased (P = 0.001; pretest, 307.7 ± 5.56; posttest, 237.2 ± 19.28) and increased (P = 0.005; pretest, 24.2 ± 2.7; posttest, 41.1 ± 1.97) in the supplement group, respectively, compared to the pretest values. However, no significant difference was observed in the placebo group. Conclusions: Short-term intake of high-dose vitamins C and E can facilitate recovery during competitive events such as Sanda. This claim can be defended based on the changes in CK and myoglobin in the blood serum of athletes.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aeen Moniri Hamzekolaee, A. Safarzade, A. Esmaeeli
Background: There is growing interest in using dietary supplements to delay fatigue, accelerate recovery time, and improve the performance of athletes. Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the levels of some metabolic indexes related to recovery and the performance of soccer players. Methods: Sixteen young soccer players [age: 20 ± 1.19 years, weight: 67.67 ± 8.9 kg, height: 176.38 ± 5.54 cm and body mass index (BMI): 21.76 ± 2.12 kg/m2] completed this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. They were supplemented with 5g/day beta-alanine (BA) (BG, N = 8) or placebo (PG; N = 8; maltodextrin) for three weeks. Maximum oxygen consumption, explosive power, and recovery-related blood parameters (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea) were measured in two stages before and after supplementation. Results: No significant change was observed in the serum creatine kinase level after the intervention (P = 0.061). Also, no significant difference was observed in serum levels of other blood factors, such as lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.061) and urea (P = 0.061). Regarding performance factors, no significant changes were observed in aerobic power (P = 0.061) and explosive power (P = 0.061). Conclusions: Our results suggest that beta-alanine has no effect on reducing metabolic factors related to recovery and may improve the aerobic power of soccer players.
{"title":"Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Recovery and Performance Factors in Male Soccer Players","authors":"Aeen Moniri Hamzekolaee, A. Safarzade, A. Esmaeeli","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134489","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is growing interest in using dietary supplements to delay fatigue, accelerate recovery time, and improve the performance of athletes. Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the levels of some metabolic indexes related to recovery and the performance of soccer players. Methods: Sixteen young soccer players [age: 20 ± 1.19 years, weight: 67.67 ± 8.9 kg, height: 176.38 ± 5.54 cm and body mass index (BMI): 21.76 ± 2.12 kg/m2] completed this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. They were supplemented with 5g/day beta-alanine (BA) (BG, N = 8) or placebo (PG; N = 8; maltodextrin) for three weeks. Maximum oxygen consumption, explosive power, and recovery-related blood parameters (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea) were measured in two stages before and after supplementation. Results: No significant change was observed in the serum creatine kinase level after the intervention (P = 0.061). Also, no significant difference was observed in serum levels of other blood factors, such as lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.061) and urea (P = 0.061). Regarding performance factors, no significant changes were observed in aerobic power (P = 0.061) and explosive power (P = 0.061). Conclusions: Our results suggest that beta-alanine has no effect on reducing metabolic factors related to recovery and may improve the aerobic power of soccer players.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Mental fatigue is one of the phenomena associated with the skillful sports performance of football players. There is a link between mental fatigue and the quality of skillful performance. It occurs during or after a mental activity, which is reflected in a decrease in physical fitness and a reduction in the ability to focus. Objectives: This study was designed to find the association between mental fatigue and skill performance by inferring the kinematic variables. Sports skills demand excellent performance that is connected to mindfulness. Mental weariness impacts a person’s ability to perform physically and skillfully in a sport, especially if that performance requires high accuracy and intensity. Methods: The empirical research consisted of 24 players specializing in direct free kicks. Test for the accuracy of free kick shooting, a mental fatigue experiment, and a re-test of direct free kick shooting was performed and analyzed through Kinovea 0.9.5 software. Results: The mean difference in the fatigue level of players before and after concerning the kinematic variables among football players was found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The study recommended developing programs that support the mental stability of the player during matches to be able to continue the required skill performance, no matter how much mental fatigue he is exposed to, which occurs as a result of several circumstances during football matches.
{"title":"The Effect of Mental Fatigue on the Accuracy of the Direct Free Kick in Terms of Some Kinematic Variables for Football Players","authors":"Ibtehal Alkhawaldeh","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-134232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-134232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental fatigue is one of the phenomena associated with the skillful sports performance of football players. There is a link between mental fatigue and the quality of skillful performance. It occurs during or after a mental activity, which is reflected in a decrease in physical fitness and a reduction in the ability to focus. Objectives: This study was designed to find the association between mental fatigue and skill performance by inferring the kinematic variables. Sports skills demand excellent performance that is connected to mindfulness. Mental weariness impacts a person’s ability to perform physically and skillfully in a sport, especially if that performance requires high accuracy and intensity. Methods: The empirical research consisted of 24 players specializing in direct free kicks. Test for the accuracy of free kick shooting, a mental fatigue experiment, and a re-test of direct free kick shooting was performed and analyzed through Kinovea 0.9.5 software. Results: The mean difference in the fatigue level of players before and after concerning the kinematic variables among football players was found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The study recommended developing programs that support the mental stability of the player during matches to be able to continue the required skill performance, no matter how much mental fatigue he is exposed to, which occurs as a result of several circumstances during football matches.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71254620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Lotfi, Tohid Seif Barghi, H. Dargahi, A. Memari, Amir Rakhshan
Background: Football has surpassed the borders of countries and established an integral relationship with national pride. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between leadership style and the personality type of Tehran club pro members, first, second, and third leagues, and their performance. Methods: This descriptive, analytic, inferential, and cross-sectional study was conducted on three hundred and sixty-two members of Tehran Football Leagues’ staff, captains, supervisors, and medics. The data were collected by five questionnaires with tested validity and reliability. Results: Based on the leadership style, the majority of members had the training and exercising style. Considering the personality type, many of the members were inclined towards type B and types one, two, five, and seven of the Enneagram. A significant relationship was observed between the personality type and performance of the football teams in arenas of maintenance, knowing the team, financial issues, and team performance (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant relationship between the leadership style of training and exercising, and the personality types one, two, five, and seven (P = 0.039). Finally, the social support style and personality types one, two, five, and seven showed a significant relationship (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The staff, captains, supervisors, and medics preferred the leadership style of training and exercising as well as the humanitarian aspect. They mostly had personality types B, one, two, five, and seven of the Enneagram. Therefore, it is emphasized to pay attention to personality type A and other types of Enneagram for different professions.
{"title":"Investigating the Mediating Role of Leadership Style in the Relationship Between Personality Type and the Performance of the Staff, Captains, Supervisors, and Medics in Tehran’s Soccer Clubs","authors":"Ahmad Lotfi, Tohid Seif Barghi, H. Dargahi, A. Memari, Amir Rakhshan","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-127311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-127311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Football has surpassed the borders of countries and established an integral relationship with national pride. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between leadership style and the personality type of Tehran club pro members, first, second, and third leagues, and their performance. Methods: This descriptive, analytic, inferential, and cross-sectional study was conducted on three hundred and sixty-two members of Tehran Football Leagues’ staff, captains, supervisors, and medics. The data were collected by five questionnaires with tested validity and reliability. Results: Based on the leadership style, the majority of members had the training and exercising style. Considering the personality type, many of the members were inclined towards type B and types one, two, five, and seven of the Enneagram. A significant relationship was observed between the personality type and performance of the football teams in arenas of maintenance, knowing the team, financial issues, and team performance (P < 0.05). Besides, there was a significant relationship between the leadership style of training and exercising, and the personality types one, two, five, and seven (P = 0.039). Finally, the social support style and personality types one, two, five, and seven showed a significant relationship (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The staff, captains, supervisors, and medics preferred the leadership style of training and exercising as well as the humanitarian aspect. They mostly had personality types B, one, two, five, and seven of the Enneagram. Therefore, it is emphasized to pay attention to personality type A and other types of Enneagram for different professions.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42678859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The research was conducted in the Paradigm Model of Emergence Typology of Anomalies and Corruption in Sport Hierarchical Levels in Iran with Emphasis on Human Resources. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to implement a descriptive-based survey in the qualitative research method in which the data was collected and analyzed by applying grounded theory. Methods: A library literature review with content analysis and a semi-structured interview with 20 experts and professionals in sport educational level, sport for all levels, championship level, and professional levels, which participated in the interview process with a semi-structured question-based. Data from the interviews were collected in open coding, axial, and theoretically analyzed. The present study was carried out in the context of a qualitative approach using the foundation's data theory method. Results: The results demonstrated that structural and behavioral antecedents had caused the change in attitudes of players, spectators, and fans and also abnormal effects such as players' domination, players' expensive salary, lack of meritocracy, and lack of socialization have concluded. Conclusions: A required infrastructure development on communication, educational, and event development has been selected as the key elements to reform the modification structure of these attitudes toward deviant behaviors
{"title":"Paradigm Model of Emergence Typology of Anomalies and Corruption in Sport Hierarchical Levels in Iran with Emphasis on Human Resources","authors":"S. Razavi, S. H. Alavi, M. Loghmani","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-118533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-118533","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The research was conducted in the Paradigm Model of Emergence Typology of Anomalies and Corruption in Sport Hierarchical Levels in Iran with Emphasis on Human Resources. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to implement a descriptive-based survey in the qualitative research method in which the data was collected and analyzed by applying grounded theory. Methods: A library literature review with content analysis and a semi-structured interview with 20 experts and professionals in sport educational level, sport for all levels, championship level, and professional levels, which participated in the interview process with a semi-structured question-based. Data from the interviews were collected in open coding, axial, and theoretically analyzed. The present study was carried out in the context of a qualitative approach using the foundation's data theory method. Results: The results demonstrated that structural and behavioral antecedents had caused the change in attitudes of players, spectators, and fans and also abnormal effects such as players' domination, players' expensive salary, lack of meritocracy, and lack of socialization have concluded. Conclusions: A required infrastructure development on communication, educational, and event development has been selected as the key elements to reform the modification structure of these attitudes toward deviant behaviors","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43501475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazem Cheragh Birjandi, E. Ghasemi, E. Karimi, Sajjad Ghoncheh
Background: Increased inflammation and oxidative stress are the main causes of many common diseases of old age. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of combined training on inflammatory and oxidative markers and the general-social health of overweight older male adults. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 overweight older male adults with an age range of 60 - 75 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two training and control groups. The training program included aerobic, resistance, and balance training for eight weeks and three days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention. The statistical analysis of the data was done by two-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: After eight weeks of combined training, levels of TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01), hs-CRP (P ≤ 0.03), and MDA (P ≤ 0.01), the mass of fat (P ≤ 0.04) decreased, while the level of superoxide dismutase (P ≤ 0.01) and the score of social health (P ≤ 0.01) increased significantly. Conclusions: It seems that combined training in the elderly is a suitable option for modulating and regulating inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers and improving general social health.
{"title":"Combined Training Reduces Redox and Inflammatory Biomarkers and Improves General-Social Health in Elderly Men","authors":"Kazem Cheragh Birjandi, E. Ghasemi, E. Karimi, Sajjad Ghoncheh","doi":"10.5812/asjsm-132103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm-132103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased inflammation and oxidative stress are the main causes of many common diseases of old age. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of combined training on inflammatory and oxidative markers and the general-social health of overweight older male adults. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 overweight older male adults with an age range of 60 - 75 years were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two training and control groups. The training program included aerobic, resistance, and balance training for eight weeks and three days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention. The statistical analysis of the data was done by two-way repeated measure analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results: After eight weeks of combined training, levels of TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01), hs-CRP (P ≤ 0.03), and MDA (P ≤ 0.01), the mass of fat (P ≤ 0.04) decreased, while the level of superoxide dismutase (P ≤ 0.01) and the score of social health (P ≤ 0.01) increased significantly. Conclusions: It seems that combined training in the elderly is a suitable option for modulating and regulating inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers and improving general social health.","PeriodicalId":8847,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47218711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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